O2/CO2气氛下燃煤的钙基脱硫规律的实验研究

对含硫量较高的煤种在不同气氛和工况条件下，ＳＯ２的排放和吸收过程，开展了较为系统的实验和分析工作。实验结果表明：较之空气气氛，高ＣＯ２浓度对煤燃烧过程中ＳＯ２的排放有重要影响，并可显著提高钙基硫剂的高温脱硫效率，这结果为利用新型Ｏ２／ＣＯ２循环燃烧方式下污染排放的综合治理技术奠定了基础。     

由丙酮还原偶联合成2,3—二甲基丁烯—2的研究

本文报道了利用ＭｃＭｕｒｒｙ反应，由丙酮还原偶联合成２，３—二甲基丁烯—２（ＤＭＢ—２）的实验结果。实验考察了镁粉还原四氯化钛的时间、丙酮与四氯化钛之比等因素对ＤＭＢ—２收率的影响。探讨了低价钛试剂活性物的价态与ＤＭＢ—２收率之间的关系。实验表明，大部分ＤＭＢ—２是在最初几分钟内生成的，每摩尔的低价钛试剂最多可转化９摩尔以上的丙酮。     

关于平衡2NO2=N2O4等温压缩引起的颜色变化问题

关于平衡２ＮＯ＿２＝Ｎ＿２Ｏ＿４等温压缩引起的颜色变化问题吴国庆（北京师范大学化学系１００８７５）中学课本里在讲解压力对气态化学平衡的影响时，以２ＮＯ＿２＝Ｎ＿２Ｏ＿４为例证．并且设计了一个针简实验。对这个实验的现象，教科书的描述如下：“…把注射器的...     

催化光度法测定痕量锌

ｌ引言光度法测定微量锌已多有报道。常用的有双硫腙法、锌试剂法等。这些方法对超痕量锌的测定普遍存在灵敏度较低问题。本文研究了在Ｈ２ＳＯ４介质中，Ｚｎ２＋催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化酸性铬蓝Ｋ褪色反应及动力学条件，据此建立了分光光度法测定痕量锌的新方法。实验表明，采用固定时间法，在本方法实验条件下，反应速度ｌｏｇ与Ｚｎ２＋含量在０～０．０８ｍｇ／Ｌ范围呈线性关系，方法检出限为１．５６×１０－１０ｇ／ｍＬ。方法灵敏度高，重现性好，用于测定人发中痕量锌时，结果满意。２实验部分２．１仪器和试剂７２１型分光光度计（上海…     

丙烷催化脱氢氧化物催化剂研究

采用ＭｏＯ３为活性组分，以ＺｒＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、ＳｉＯ２、γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＯ为载体，对丙烷催化脱氢制丙烯进行了研究，得到了不同载体对反应活性与丙烯造反性的关系。实验发现γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３对丙烷反应活性最高，ＭｇＯ对丙稀的选择性最好。     

四（2─咪唑基）卟啉在水溶液中的性质及其在乙酸中与Co（Ⅱ）（OAc）_2的反应动力学研究

合成了水溶性四（２─咪唑基）卟啉（Ｈ２＿ＴＩｍＰ），研究了它在水溶液中的聚合性质．实验发现Ｈ２ＴＩｍＰ水溶液在ＰＨ＝０，６时遵守Ｂｅｅｒ定律，并呈单体形式存在．用光谱滴定法测定了Ｈ＿２ＴｌｍＰ加质于的平衡常数．用紫外可见分光光度计研究了在乙酸溶剂中Ｈ＿２ＴＩｍＰ与Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）（ＯＡｃ）２反应的动力学．提出与实验结果相吻合的反应机理，并求得预平衡步的Ｋ，　　以及速控步的Ｋ，讨论了溶剂化对标准摩尔熵及活化熵的影响．     

新法催化分解H_2O_2制氧

催化分解Ｈ２Ｏ２制氧实验，传统的方法是采用ＭｎＯ２作催化剂。该法有两点不足（１）反应速度过快，不便于集气换瓶，致使氧气逸失，（２）气体产生后，瓶内压强骤然增大，使滴液受阻。虽用液封法可消除受阻现象，但给实验及操作洗涤容器增添了一些麻烦。笔者经过多次探索，用四氧化三铁代替二氧化锰催化分解Ｈ２Ｏ２，取得了较好效果。１实验操作（１）检查实验装置的气密性后，预先向烧瓶中加入１～２平匙（１～２ｇ）四氧化三铁固体粉末。（２）量取质量分数为３０％的双氧水溶液１５ｍＬ加水稀释到３０ｍＬ，注入分液漏斗，塞好连有分…     

H_2S和SO_2定量反应的演示实验

Ｈ_２Ｓ和ＳＯ_２定量反应的演示实验曾灼先，蔡建河，林贤波（广州华南师范大学５１０６３１）Ｈ２Ｓ和ＳＯ２反应能生成硫黄，从定性的角度看，这是一个极易做成功的实验，但是，能否在实验中体现出Ｈ２Ｓ和ＳＯ２之间反应的定量关系呢？这是一个较为困难的定量实验。为...     

CoMoK／γ—Al2O3水煤气变换催化剂的硫化及反硫化

以Ｈ２Ｓ和ＣＳ２作硫化剂，用ＰＰＳ和ＴＰＤＳ方法研究了水煤气变换催化剂ＣｏＭｏＫ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的硫化及反硫化过程。用Ｈ２Ｓ／Ｈ２硫化时，只发现Ｈ２Ｓ的消耗和Ｈ２Ｏ的生成，用ＣＳ２／Ｈ２硫化时，只发现Ｈ２Ｓ的消耗和Ｈ２Ｏ的生成。用ＣＳ２／Ｈ２硫化时，首先生成ＣＯ２，然后是ＣＨ４，Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ２Ｓ，ＴＰＧ实验表明催化剂表面上积炭，造成催化剂和活性降低，但积炭在水煤变换反应进行了逐渐除法。ＴＰＤＳ实验表     

单克隆抗体免疫吸附剂的制备及对乙型肝炎表面抗原的吸附

通过环氧氯丙烷活化（１，４） ２ 氨基 ２ 脱氧 β Ｄ 葡萄糖（壳聚糖）制备免疫吸附剂，详细讨论了环氧氯丙烷活化过程的影响因素，确定了活化的最佳条件．活化（１，４） ２ 氨基 ２ 脱氧β Ｄ 葡萄糖树脂对单克隆抗体的偶联率为１７６％，对含乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性血清的吸附实验表明，制备的免疫吸附剂能使阳性转为阴性，吸附率为４４％．     

铁化合物-Al(i-Bu)3卤化物系催化剂的ESR研究

用ESR法研究了Fe(naph)2-Al(i-Bu)3-烯丙基氯和Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu)3-AlEt2Cl两个反应体系.以了解这类含铁催化剂的催化机理.结果表明,不管它们的起始铁化合物中的铁离子是II价还是III价,由它们和Al(i-Bu)3及卤化物反应组成的活性催化剂,其活性中心铁离子均是II价.这一结果为进一步确定铁系催化剂活性中心的结构提供了重要依据.     

Redox and structural properties of mixed-valence models for the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase: progress and challenges

The one-electron oxidations of a series of diiron(I) dithiolato carbonyls were examined to evaluate the factors that affect the oxidation state assignments, structures, and reactivity of these low-molecular weight models for the H ox state of the [FeFe]-hydrogenases. The propanedithiolates Fe 2(S 2C 3H 6)(CO) 3(L)(dppv) (L = CO, PMe 3, P i-Pr 3) oxidize at potentials approximately 180 mV milder than the related ethanedithiolates ( Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6152). The steric clash between the central methylene of the propanedithiolate and the phosphine favors the rotated structure, which forms upon oxidation. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra for the mixed-valence cations indicate that the unpaired electron is localized on the Fe(CO)(dppv) center in both [Fe 2(S 2C 3H 6)(CO) 4(dppv)]BF 4 and [Fe 2(S 2C 3H 6)(CO) 3(PMe 3)(dppv)]BF 4, as seen previously for the ethanedithiolate [Fe 2(S 2C 2H 4)(CO) 3(PMe 3)(dppv)]BF 4. For [Fe 2(S 2C n H 2 n )(CO) 3(P i-Pr 3)(dppv)]BF 4; however, the spin is localized on the Fe(CO) 2(P i-Pr 3) center, although the Fe(CO)(dppv) site is rotated in the crystalline state. IR and EPR spectra, as well as redox potentials and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, suggest that the Fe(CO) 2(P i-Pr 3) site is rotated in solution, driven by steric factors. Analysis of the DFT-computed partial atomic charges for the mixed-valence species shows that the Fe atom featuring a vacant apical coordination position is an electrophilic Fe(I) center. One-electron oxidation of [Fe 2(S 2C 2H 4)(CN)(CO) 3(dppv)] (-) resulted in 2e oxidation of 0.5 equiv to give the mu-cyano derivative [Fe (I) 2(S 2C 2H 4)(CO) 3(dppv)](mu-CN)[Fe (II) 2(S 2C 2H 4)(mu-CO)(CO) 2(CN)(dppv)], which was characterized spectroscopically.     

Light-induced excited spin state trapping and charge transfer in trigonal bipyramidal cyanide-bridged complexes

Three members of the family of trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) complexes of general formula [M(tmphen)(2)](3)[M'(CN)(6)](2) (tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) or [M(3)M'(2)], which are known to exhibit thermally induced spin crossover and charge transfer, have been investigated for optical and photomagnetic properties. The light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) effect found in classical spin crossover compounds, such as [Fe(phen)(2)(NCS)(2)], was explored for the [Fe(3)Fe(2)] and [Fe(3)Co(2)] compounds. Similarly, inspired by the light-induced charge-transfer properties of K(0.2)Co(1.4)[Fe(CN)(6)]·6.9H(2)O and related Prussian blue materials, the possibility of photo-induced magnetic changes was investigated for the [Co(3)Fe(2)] TBP complex. Optical reflectivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to evaluate the photoactivity of these compounds. A comparison of these data before and after light irradiation demonstrates that (i) the spin crossover of the Fe(II) centers in the [Fe(3)Fe(2)] and [Fe(3)Co(2)] analogues and the (ii) charge transfer events in the [Co(3)Fe(2)] complex occur with temperature and irradiation. In addition, photomagnetic behavior is exhibited by all three compounds. The photo-conversion efficiency has been estimated at 20% of photo-induced high spin Fe(II) centers in [Fe(3)Co(2)], 30% of paramagnetic Co(II)-Fe(III) pairs in [Co(3)Fe(2)], and less than 2% of photo-induced high spin Fe(II) centers in [Fe(3)Fe(2)].     

The role of Fe3+ on Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation in phospholipid liposomes

Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) production, was stimulated in the presence of Fe3+ in a concentration-dependent manner. The rates of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and Fe2+ oxidation (Fe2+ disappearance and Fe3+ formation) were also enhanced by the addition of Fe3+ to the reaction mixture, and there is a good linear relationship between these parameters. These results suggest that the facilitation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via Fe2+ oxidation is closely related to the onset of the stimulatory effect of Fe3+ on Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, results using the liposomes containing various concentrations of endogenous lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) indicated that endogenous LOOH is not directly involved in the onset of the Fe3+ stimulatory effect on Fe2+-dependent TBARS production and ROS production. This hypothesis was further confirmed by the evidence that Fe2+-dependent ROS production and Fe2+ oxidation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes were also stimulated by the addition of Fe3+. The results with several antioxidants and radical scavengers suggested that ROS related to Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation and its stimulation by Fe3+ are ferrous-oxygen complexes rather than superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Based on these results, we proposed a possible mechanism for the onset of the Fe3+ stimulation in Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation.     

Synthesis and characterization of iron silicon boron (Fe5Si2B) and iron boride (Fe3B) nanowires

Single-crystal iron silicon boron (Fe(5)Si(2)B) and iron boride (Fe(3)B) nanowires were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on either silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) on silicon (Si) or Si substrates without introducing any catalysts. FeI(2) and BI(3) were used as precursors. The typical size of the nanowires is about 5-50 nm in width and 1-20 mum in length. Different kinds of Fe-Si-B and Fe-B structures were synthesized by adjusting the ratio of FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor. Single-crystal Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires formed when the FeI(2) sublimator temperature was kept in the range of 540-570 degrees C. If the FeI(2) sublimator temperature was adjusted in the range of 430-470 degrees C, single-crystal Fe(3)B nanowires were produced. Fe(3)B nanowires grow from polycrystalline Fe(5)SiB(2) particles, while Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires grow out of the Fe(5)Si(2)B layers, which are attached to triangle shaped FeSi particles. Both the ratio of FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor and the formation of the particles (Fe(5)SiB(2) particles for the growth of Fe(3)B nanowires, FeSi particles for the growth of Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires) are critical for the growth of Fe(3)B and Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires. The correct FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor ratio assures the desired phase form, while the particles provide preferential sites for adsorption and nucleation of Fe(3)B or Fe(5)Si(2)B molecules. Fe(3)B or Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires grow due to the preferred growth direction of <110>.     

A ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for iron: discrimination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and living cell application

A newly designed probe, 6-thiophen-2-yl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo-[1,2-c] quinazoline (HL(1)) behaves as a highly selective ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Fe(2+) at pH 4.0-5.0 and Fe(3+) at pH 6.5-8.0 in acetonitrile-HEPES buffer (1/4) (v/v) medium. A decrease in fluorescence at 412 nm and increase in fluorescence at 472 nm with an isoemissive point at 436 nm with the addition of Fe(2+) salt solution is due to the formation of mononuclear Fe(2+) complex [Fe(II)(HL)(ClO(4))(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)] (1) in acetonitrile-HEPES buffer (100 mM, 1/4, v/v) at pH 4.5 and a decrease in fluorescence at 412 nm and increase in fluorescence at 482 nm with an isoemissive point at 445 nm during titration by Fe(3+) salt due to the formation of binary Fe(3+) complex, [Fe(III)(L)(2)(ClO(4))(H(2)O)] (2) with co-solvent at biological pH 7.4 have been established. Binding constants (K(a)) in the solution state were calculated to be 3.88 × 10(5) M(-1) for Fe(2+) and 0.21 × 10(3) M(-1/2) for Fe(3+) and ratiometric detection limits for Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) were found to be 2.0 μM and 3.5 μM, respectively. The probe is a "naked eye" chemosensor for two states of iron. Theoretical calculations were studied to establish the configurations of probe-iron complexes. The sensor is efficient for detecting Fe(3+)in vitro by developing a good image of the biological organelles.     

Selective detection of Fe2+ by combination of CePO4:Tb3+ nanocrystal-H2O2 hybrid system with synchronous fluorescence scan technique

A new method for quenching kinetic discrimination of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+), and sensitive detection of trace amount of Fe(2+) was developed by using synchronous fluorescence scan technique. The principle of this assay is based on the quenching kinetic discrimination of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrytals-H(2)O(2) hybrid system and the Fenton reaction between Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2). Stable, water-soluble and well-dispersible CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrystals were synthesized in aqueous solutions, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). We found that both Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) could quench the synchronous fluorescence of CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrytals-H(2)O(2) system, but their quenching kinetics velocities were quite different. In the presence of Fe(3+), the synchronous fluorescent intensity was unchanged after only one minute, but in the presence of Fe(2+), the synchronous fluorescent intensity decreased slowly until 28 min later. The Fenton reaction between Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2) resulted in hydroxyl radicals which effectively quenched the synchronous fluorescence of the CePO(4):Tb(3+) nanocrystals due to the oxidation of Ce(3+) into Ce(4+) by hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the linear range for Fe(2+) is 3 nM-2 μM, and the limit of detection is 2.0 nM. The method was used to analyze water samples.     

Transition metal-carbon complexes. A theoretical study

The equilibrium geometries and bond dissociation energies of 16VE and 18VE complexes of ruthenium and iron with a naked carbon ligand are reported using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level. Bond energies were also calculated at CCSD(T) using TZ2P quality basis sets. The calculations of [Cl2(PMe3)2Ru(C)] (1Ru), [Cl2(PMe3)2Fe(C)] (1Fe), [(CO)2(PMe3)2Ru(C)] (2Ru), [(CO)2(PMe3)2Fe(C)] (2Fe), [(CO)4Ru(C)] (3Ru), and [(CO)4Fe(C)] (3Fe) show that 1Ru has a very strong Ru-C bond which is stronger than the Fe-C bond in 1Fe. The metal-carbon bonds in the 18VE complexes 2Ru-3Fe are weaker than those in the 16VE species. Calculations of the related carbonyl complexes [(PMe3)2Cl2Ru(CO)] (4Ru), [(PMe3)2Cl2Fe(CO)] (4Fe), [(PMe3)2Ru(CO)3] (5Ru), [(PMe3)2Fe(CO)3] (5Fe), [Ru(CO)5] (6Ru), and [Fe(CO)5] (6Fe) show that the metal-CO bonds are much weaker than the metal-C bonds. The 18VE iron complexes have a larger BDE than the 18VE ruthenium complexes, while the opposite trend is calculated for the 16VE compounds. Charge and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) have been carried out for the calculated compounds. The Ru-C and Fe-C bonds in 1Ru and 1Fe are best described in terms of two electron-sharing bonds with sigma and pi symmetry and one donor-acceptor pi bond. The bonding situation in the 18 VE complexes 2Ru-3Fe is better described in terms of closed shell donor-acceptor interactions in accordance with the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model. The bonding analysis clearly shows that the 16VE carbon complexes 1Ru and 1Fe are much more strongly stabilized by metal-C sigma interactions than the 18VE complexes which is probably the reason why the substituted homologue of 1Ru could become isolated. The EDA calculations show that the nature of the TM-C and TM-CO binding interactions resembles each other. The absolute values for the energy terms which contribute to Delta(Eint) are much larger for the carbon complexes than for the carbonyl complexes, but the relative strengths of the energy terms are not very different from each other. The pi bonding contribution to the orbital interactions in the carbon complexes is always stronger than sigma bonding. There is no particular bonding component which is responsible for the reversal of the relative bond dissociation energies of the Ru and Fe complexes when one goes from the 16VE complexes to the 18VE species. That the 18 VE compounds have longer and weaker TM-C and TM-CO bonds than the respective 16 VE compounds holds for all complexes. This is because the LUMO in the 16 VE species is a sigma-antibonding orbital which becomes occupied in the 18 VE species.     

Multiple-path dissociation mechanism for mono- and dinuclear tris(hydroxamato)iron(III) complexes with dihydroxamic acid ligands in aqueous solution

Linear synthetic dihydroxamic acids ([CH3N(OH)C=O)]2(CH2)n; H2Ln) with short (n = 2) and long (n = 8) hydrocarbon-connecting chains form mono- and dinuclear complexes with Fe(III) in aqueous solution. At conditions where the formation of Fe2(Ln)3 is favored, complexes with each of the two ligand systems undergo [H+]-induced ligand dissociation processes via multiple sequential and parallel paths, some of which are common and some of which are different for the two ligands. The pH jump induced ligand dissociation proceeds in two major stages (I and II) where each stage is shown to be comprised of multiple components (Ix, where x = 1-3 for L2 and L8, and IIy, where y = 1-3 for L2 and y = 1-4 for L8). A reaction scheme consistent with kinetic and independent ESI-MS data is proposed that includes the tris-chelated complexes (coordinated H2O omitted for clarity) (Fe2(Ln)3, Fe2(L2)2(L2H)2, Fe(LnH)3, Fe(L8)(L8H)), bis-chelated complexes (Fe2(Ln)2(2+), Fe(LnH)2+, Fe(L8)+), and monochelated complexes (Fe(LnH)2+). Analysis of kinetic data for ligand dissociation from Fe2(Ln)(LnH)3+ (n = 2, 4, 6, 8) allows us to estimate the dielectric constant at the reactive dinuclear Fe(III) site. The existence of multiple ligand dissociation paths for the dihydroxamic acid complexes of Fe(III) is a feature that distinguishes these systems from their bidentate monohydroxamic acid and hexadentate trihydroxamic acid counterparts and may be a reason for the biosynthesis of dihydroxamic acid siderophores, despite higher environmental molar concentrations necessary to completely chelate Fe(III).     

均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子形成机理II. 低温Mossbauer谱研究

在液氮温度下, 测定了均匀Fe~3O~4胶体粒子制备过程中陈化时间为1小时内的不同时间所得样品的Mossbauer谱。结果表明, γ-FeOOH为Fe~3O~4均匀胶粒形成过程的中间产物, 并提出均匀Fe~3O~4胶粒的形成机理。