N-(末端三丁基锡取代基)酰亚胺的光诱导单电子转移成环反应

合成了两种新的分子内给受电子体系N-[2-(2-三丁基锡甲硫基)乙基]邻苯二甲酰亚胺(1a)和N-(3-三丁基锡丙基)马来酰亚胺(1b),并在甲醇、乙腈-30%水、乙腈中进行了光诱导单电子转移反应.化合物1a在光诱导下发生分子内单电子转移反应,以很高的产率和区域选择性生成环胺醇2.化合物1b在光诱导下发生分子内单电子转移反应生成环胺醇3,同时有[2+2]环加成副反应产物4生成.以上所有新化合物的结构经质谱和核磁共振谱验证.     

环钯化苯基咪唑啉-卡宾络合物的合成及催化Suzuki反应研究

以间硝基苯甲酸或苯甲酸和(S)-缬氨醇为起始原料,室温反应制得酰氨基醇1a和1b,在亚硫酰氯存在下,酰胺基醇与对甲苯胺关环反应得到苯基咪唑啉化合物2a和2b.通过对苯基咪唑啉配体2进行钯化反应、1,3-二苄基苯并咪唑盐解聚,得目标产物环钯化苯基咪唑啉-卡宾络合物3a和3b.通过1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,MS和元素分析等手段对新化合物3a和3b进行了表征.进一步通过单晶X射线衍射对3a进行了结构确证,络合物3a晶体结构表明该化合物通过分子间氢键形成一维链状结构.催化性能考察发现,络合物3a在萘硼酸和碘代甲氧基萘的Suzuki偶联反应中表现出较好的催化活性.     

D-甘露醇衍生的手性亚磷酸酯配体：合成及应用于铑催化α-脱氢氨基酸酯不对称氢化

以1,2:5,6-双亚环己基-D-甘露醇为手性骨架,合成含有联苯基团的新型手性tropos配体;分别以1,2:5,6-双异丙叉-D-甘露醇和1,2:5,6-双亚环己基-D-甘露醇为原料,合成系列双齿亚磷酸酯配体,将这些配体应用于铑催化α-乙酰氨基肉桂酸甲酯5a和α-苯酰氨基肉桂酸甲酯5b氢化反应中,考察配体结构,溶剂,底物/催化剂的摩尔比对反应对映选择性的影响,优化了反应条件;在底物是α-乙酰胺基肉桂酸甲酯时,配体的双异丙叉骨架与(R)-联萘部分是匹配组合,反应对映选择性高达93.5%.在优化的反应条件下,尝试七个苯环含不同取代基团的底物,无论供电子基团在芳环的邻位还是对位,其氢化产物的对映选择性均高于相应位置为吸电子基团的.     

新型联萘衍生物的合成及其光电性能

以咔唑和4,4’-二氨基-1,1’-联萘为初始原料,经重氮化反应、Ullmann反应、NBS亲电取代反应和Suzuki偶联反应,合成了两种新型空穴传输材料——4,4’-双[(9-对甲基苯基)-9H-3-咔唑基]-1,1’-联萘(4a)和4,4’-双[(9-对联苯基)-9H-3-咔唑基]-1,1’-联萘(4b),其结构经1H NMR和元素分析表征。研究了4a和4b在二氯甲烷中的UV和荧光性质。结果表明,4a和4b的最大发射波长分别为429 nm和427 nm。     

分子内1,3-偶极环加成反应的研究 I.4-取代苯基(N-4-戊烯基)硝酮的热化学反应性能及其区域选择性

合成并研究了4-取代苯基(N-4-戊烯基)硝酮的热化学反应[取代基为OCH~3(1a),H(1b),Br(1c),NO~2(1d)].环加成反应活性顺序为NO~2>Br>H>OHC~3.反应具有区域选择性,加成物8-(4-取代苯基)-2-氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(2)和2-(4-取代苯基)-8-氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(3)的比约为2:1. 1,3-偶极硝酮(1a-1d)可部分转变为双键迁移产物(4a-4d).     

含三芳胺基的吡啶甲酸衍生物及其环金属铱配合物的合成与性能

通过Ullmann反应和Negishi偶联反应, 合成了一种含三芳胺功能基的吡啶-2-甲酸衍生物; 并以此为辅助配体、1-苯基异喹啉为环金属配体, 设计合成了一种新型环金属铱配合物. 该配合物的二氯甲烷溶液, 在391～461 nm范围呈现了强烈的金属-配体电荷转移(MLCT)电子跃迁吸收带; 其最大发光波长为609 nm. 与传统的二(1-苯基异喹啉)(吡啶-2-甲酸)合铱配合物相比, 设计的环金属铱配合物具有增强的MLCT电子跃迁吸收和低的氧化电位, 是一种有发展潜力的红色磷光材料.     

1—苯乙酰基—4—芳酰基氨基硫脲的合成及其在碱催化下的环化反应

1-酰基-4-芳基氨基硫脲类化合物在碱性条件下环化为具有广泛生物活性的3-取代基-4-芳基-1,2,4-三唑啉-5-硫酮的反应报道甚多,但1,4-位都含羰基的酰氨基硫脲在碱性条件下环化反应迄今报道较少。我们曾研究了1-[5-(α-萘)-2H-四唑-2-乙酰基]-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲和1-(α-萘乙酰基)-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲在碱催化下环化为3-取代基-4-芳酰基-1,2,4-三唑啉-5-硫酮的反应,它们在低浓度下均有一定的生物活性。本文研究了1-苯乙酰基-4-芳酰基氨基硫脲1_(a～m)在1mol/L K_2CO_3溶液催化下的环化反应,得到环化产物3-苄基-4-芳酰基-1,2,     

[η~5:σ-Me_2C(C_5H_4)(C_2B_(10)H_(10))]Ru(NCCH_3)_2与中间炔的反应——钌环丁二烯和钌杂环戊三烯配合物的合成与结构

钌可以促使炔烃通过亚乙烯基钌卡宾金属配合物或钌金属杂环配合物的形式发生碳-碳偶联反应,它的化学性质很大程度上取决于配体的电子和立体特征.普通环戊二烯基钌配合物可以促使炔烃三聚生成苯环衍生物或使两分子炔烃和一分子含C=X键(X=C,O,S,N等)的不饱和底物发生环加成反应得到杂环化合物.含桥联碳硼烷-环戊二烯基配体的钌乙腈配合物[η5:σ-Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)]Ru(NCCH3)2(1)表现出与环戊二烯基钌不同的反应性质.例如,配合物1与三甲基硅基取代的端炔或中间炔反应可生成含有单或双亚乙烯基有机钌卡宾配合物;与末端芳炔则通过三分子炔和桥联配体中的环戊二烯基发生加成反应得到含有独特三环结构的有机钌配合物.以上结果表明,配体的位阻效应和炔烃的种类都可以影响产物的类型.本文进一步研究了此钌乙腈配合物1与烷基或芳基取代的中间炔及中间二炔的反应.配合物1与3-己炔或二苯乙炔在甲苯中于80℃反应可以生成对空气和水稳定的η4-钌-环丁二烯配合物[η5:σ-Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)]Ru(η4-C4Et4)(2)或[η5:σ-Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)]Ru(η4-C4Ph4...     

噻唑烷-4-酮连假三糖的合成及其对T淋巴细胞增殖活性研究

以双叠氮基糖1、糖醛2和巯基乙酸为原料,室温条件下,利用Staudinger/aza-Wittig/环合一锅法反应,合成了新型噻唑烷-4-酮连假三糖衍生物3a和3b,并经脱苯甲酰基(Bz)保护基,分别得到了相应产物4a和4b.初步生物活性测试表明,化合物4a和4b能显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖,具有较强的免疫增强活性.     

分子内1,3-偶极环加成反应的研究 Ⅰ.4-取代苯基(N-4-戊烯基)硝酮的热化学反应性能及其区域选择性

合成并研究了4-取代苯基(N-4-戊烯基)硝酮的热化学反应[取代基为OCH_3(1a),H(1b),Br(1c),NO_2(1d)].环加成反应活性顺序为NO_2>Br>H>OCH_3.反应具有区域选择性,加成物8-(4-取代苯基)-2-氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(2)和2-(4-取代苯基)-8氧杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(3)的比约为2:1.1,3-偶极硝酮(1a～1d)可部分转变为双键迁移产物(4a～4d).     

Hydroxy-amide functionalized azolium salts for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition: stereocontrol based on ligand structure and copper precatalyst

A series of hydroxy-amide functionalized azolium salts have been designed and synthesized for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition reaction. The (CH(2))(2)-bridged hydroxy-amide functionalized azolium ligand precursors 2, in addition to the previously reported CH(2)-bridged azolium salts 1, have been prepared from readily available enantiopure β-amino alcohols. The combination of a Cu species with 1 or 2 efficiently promoted the 1,4-addition reaction of cyclic enones with dialkylzincs. For example, the reaction of 2-cyclohepten-1-one (17) with Bu(2)Zn in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu(OTf)(2) and 1 gave (S)-3-butylcycloheptanone (20) in 99% yield and 96% ee. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out under the influence of Cu(OTf)(2) combined with 2, (R)-20 in preference to (S)-20 was obtained in 98% yield and 80% ee. In this manner, the enantioselecvity was switched by controlling the structure of chiral ligand. Additionally, the reversal of enantioselectivity was also achieved by changing the Cu precatalyst from Cu(OTf)(2) to Cu(acac)(2) with the same ligand. The combination of Cu(acac)(2) with CH(2)-bridged azolium salt 1 in the reaction of 17 with Bu(2)Zn led to formation of (R)-20 as a major product in 55% yield and 80% ee. This result was in contrast to the Cu(OTf)(2)/1 catalytic system, where the 1,4-adduct with opposite configuration was obtained. Moreover, use of the Cu(acac)(2)/2 catalytic system produced (S)-20, while (R)-20 was formed by the Cu(OTf)(2)/2 catalytic system. Thus, it was found that either varying the linker of the chiral ligands or changing the counterion of Cu species between a OTf and acac ligand initially on the metal led to dual enantioselective control in the 1,4-addition reaction.     

Lewis acid-catalyzed benzannulation via unprecedented [4+2] cycloaddition of o-alkynyl(oxo)benzenes and enynals with alkynes

The reaction of o-alkynyl(oxo)benzenes 1 with alkynes 2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of AuCl(3) in (CH(2)Cl)(2) at 80 degrees C gave the [4+2] benzannulation products, naphthyl ketone derivatives 3 and 4, in high yields. When the reaction was carried out using AuBr(3) instead of AuCl(3), the reaction speed was enhanced and the chemical yield was increased. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cu(OTf)(2) and 1 equiv of a Br?nsted acid, such as CF(2)HCO(2)H, in (CH(2)Cl)(2) at 100 degrees C, the decarbonylated naphthalene products 5 were obtained in high yields. Similarly, the Cu(OTf)(2)-H(2)O-promoted reaction of the enynals 7 with an alkyne 2 afforded the corresponding [4+2] benzannulation products, decarbonylated benzene derivatives 8, in good yields. Both AuX(3)- and Cu(OTf)(2)-catalyzed benzannulations proceed most probably through the formation of the benzo[c]pyrylium ate complex 10, the Diels-Alder addition of alkynes 2 to the ate complex, and the resulting bicyclic pyrylium ion intermediate 12. The mechanistic difference between the AuX(3) and Cu(OTf)(2)-HA system is discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of Cu(2)(I,I), Cu(2)(I,II), and Cu(2)(II,II) compounds supported by two phthalazine-based ligands: influence of a hydrophobic pocket

The copper coordination chemistry of two phthalazine-based ligands of differing steric bulk was investigated. A family of dinuclear complexes were prepared from reactions of [Cu(2)(bdptz)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(2), 1(OTf)(2), where bdptz = 1,4-bis(2,2'-dipyridylmethyl)phthalazine. Treatment of 1(OTf)(2) with NaO(2)CCH(3) afforded the class I mixed-valent compound [Cu(2)(bdptz)(2)](OTf)(3), 2(OTf)(3), by disproportionation of Cu(I). Compound 2(OTf)(3) displays an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, with g( parallel ) = 2.25 (A( parallel ) = 169 G) and g( perpendicular ) = 2.06, and exhibits a reversible redox wave at -452 mV versus Cp(2)Fe(+)/Cp(2)Fe. The complex [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-OH)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(3), 3(OTf)(3), was prepared by chemical oxidation of 1 with AgOTf, and exposure of 1 to dioxygen afforded [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-OH)(2)](2)(OTs)(4), 4(OTs)(4), which can also be obtained directly from [Cu(H(2)O)(6)](OTs)(2). In compound [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-vpy)](OTf)(2), 5(OTf)(2), where vpy = 2-vinylpyridine, the vpy ligand bridges the two Cu(I) centers by using both its pyridine nitrogen and the olefin as donor functionalities. The sterically hindered compounds [Cu(2)(Ph(4)bdptz)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(2), 6(OTf)(2), and [Cu(2)(Ph(4)bdptz)(micro-O(2)CCH(3))](OTf), 7(OTf), were also synthesized, where Ph(4)bdptz = 1,4-bis[bis(6-phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]phthalazine. Complexes 1-7 were characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. In 6 and 7, the four phenyl rings form a hydrophobic pocket that houses the acetonitrile and acetate ligands. Complex 6 displays two reversible redox waves with E(1/2) values of +41 and +516 mV versus Cp(2)Fe(+)/Cp(2)Fe. Analysis of oxygenated solutions of 6 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals probable aromatic hydroxylation of the Ph(4)bdptz ligand. The different chemical and electrochemical behavior of 1 versus 6 highlights the influence of a hydrophobic binding pocket on the stability and reactivity of the dicopper(I) centers.     

Group 11 complexes with the bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane ligand. How secondary bonds can influence the coordination environment of Ag(I): the role of coordinated water in [Ag2(mu-L)2(OH2)2](OTf)2

The complexation properties of the ligand bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (L) towards group 11 metals have been studied. The reaction in a 1 : 1 molar ratio with [Cu(NCMe)4]PF6 or Ag(OTf) complexes gives the mononuclear [CuL(NCMe)]PF6 (1), with crystallographic mirror symmetry, or dinuclear [Ag2(mu-L)2](OTf)2 (2) (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) in which the ligand bridges both silver centres, an unprecedented mode of coordination for this type of ligands. Compound 2 crystallizes with two water molecules and forms a supramolecular structure through classical hydrogen bonding. The reaction in a 2 : 1 ratio affords in both cases the four-coordinated derivatives [ML2]X (M = Cu, X = PF6 (3); Ag, X = OTf 4). The treatment of [Ag(OTf)(PPh3)] with the ligand L gives [AgL(PPh3)]OTf (5). The gold(I) derivative [Au2(C6F5)2(mu-L)] (6) has also been obtained by reaction of L with two equivalents of [Au(C6F5)(tht)]. These complexes present a luminescent behaviour at low temperature; the emissions being mainly intraligand but enhanced after coordination of the metal. Compounds 1-4 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. DFT studies showed that, in the silver complex 2, coordination of H2O to Ag in the binuclear complex is favoured by formation of a hydrogen-bonding network, involving the triflato anion, and releasing enough energy to allow distortion of the Ag2 framework.     

Oxidative cross-coupling of beta,beta-difluoroenol silyl ethers with nucleophiles: a dipole-inversion method to difluoroketones

Oxidative cross-coupling of alpha-aryl-beta,beta-difluoroenol silyl ethers with heteroaromatics in the presence of Cu(OTf)(2) in wet acetonitrile proceeds smoothly, affording heteroaryldifluoromethyl aryl ketones in 61-88% yields. Alcohols also react as nucleophiles under the same conditions to provide alkoxydifluoromethyl aryl ketones in 73-80% yields. [reaction: see text]     

Synthesis and characterization of several dicopper(I) complexes and a spin-delocalized dicopper(I,II) mixed-valence complex using a 1,8-naphthyridine-based dinucleating ligand

The synthesis of dicopper(I) complexes [Cu2(BBAN)(MeCN)2](OTf)2 (1), [Cu2(BBAN)(py)2](OTf)2 (2), [Cu2(BBAN)(1-Me-BzIm)2](OTf)2 (3), [Cu2(BBAN)(1-Me-Im)2](OTf)2 (4), and [Cu2(BBAN)(mu-O2CCPh3)](OTf) (5), where BBAN = 2,7-bis((dibenzylamino)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine, py = pyridine, 1-Me-Im = 1-methylimidazole, and 1-Me-BzIm = 1-methylbenzimidazole, are described. Short copper-copper distances ranging from 2.6151(6) to 2.7325(5) A were observed in the solid-state structures of these complexes depending on the terminal ligands used. The cyclic voltammogram of compound 5 dissolved in THF exhibited a reversible redox wave at E1/2 = -25 mV vs Cp2Fe+/Cp2Fe. When complex 5 was treated with 1 equiv of silver(I) triflate, a mixed-valence dicopper(I,II) complex [Cu2(BBAN)(mu-O2CCPh3)(OTf)](OTf) (6) was prepared. A short copper-copper distance of 2.4493(14) A observed from the solid-state structure indicates the presence of a copper-copper interaction. Variable-temperature EPR studies showed that complex 6 has a fully delocalized electronic structure in frozen 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution down to liquid helium temperature. The presence of anionic ligands seems to be an important factor to stabilize the mixed-valence dicopper(I,II) state. Compounds 1-4 with neutral nitrogen-donor terminal ligands cannot be oxidized to the mixed-valence analogues either chemically or electrochemically.     

Tandem Prins/Friedel–Crafts cyclization for stereoselective synthesis of heterotricyclic systems

Homoallylic substrates such as (E)-6-arylhex-3-enyl alcohols, N-tosylamides, and thiols undergo smooth cross-coupling with various aldehydes in the presence of 10 mol % Sc(OTf)(3) and 30 mol % TsOH to afford the trans-fused hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isochromenes, N-tosyloctahydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines, and hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isothiochromenes, respectively. However, the cross-coupling of (Z)-olefins such as 6-arylhex-3-enyl alcohols, N-tosylamides, and thiols with aldehydes affords the corresponding hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isochromenes, N-tosyloctahydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines, and hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isothiochromenes with complete cis selectivity via intramolecular Prins-, aza-Prins-, and thia-Prins/Friedel-Crafts cyclizations, respectively. Though the Prins cyclization proceeds smoothly under the influence of Sc(OTf)(3), high conversions and enhanced reaction rates are achieved using a mixture of Sc(OTf)(3) and TsOH (1:3).     

Dual activation in asymmetric allylsilane addition to chiral N-acylhydrazones: method development, mechanistic studies, and elaboration of homoallylic amine adducts

[reaction: see text] Chiral N-acylhydrazones derived from commercially available 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone provide a rigid, conformationally restricted template to impart facial selectivity in additions to C=N bonds. In the presence of indium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [In(OTf)3], N-acylhydrazones undergo highly diastereoselective fluoride-initiated additions of allylsilanes (aza-Sakurai reaction). Mechanistic studies including control experiments and comparisons with allyltributylstannane, allylmagnesium bromide, and allylindium species implicate a dual activation mechanism involving addition of an allylfluorosilicate species to a chelate formed from In(OTf)3 and the chiral N-acylhydrazone. The N-N bonds of the adducts are readily cleaved in a two-step protocol to provide synthetically useful homoallylic N-trifluoroacetamides. Further elaboration of the latter compounds through Wacker oxidation and olefin metathesis provides diversely functionalized building blocks and expands the potential applications of this C-C bond construction approach to asymmetric amine synthesis.     

Di- and tetranuclear copper(I) complexes containing phenylaminobis(phosphonite), PhN{P(OC6H4OMe-o)2}2, and their reactivity toward bipyridyl ligands

The aminobis(phosphonite) PhN(P(OC6H4OMe-o)2)2 (PNP; 1) reacts with 2 equiv of CuI to give a binuclear complex, Cu2(mu2-I)2(NCCH3)2(mu-PNP) (2), whereas similar reactions with CuCl and CuBr furnish tetranuclear "ladder"-type complexes, Cu4(mu2-X)2(mu3-X)2(mu-PNP)2 (3, X = Cl; 4, X = Br), in excellent yield. The complex 2 when heated under vacuum turns into the tetranuclear complex 5 in a reversible fashion. Similarly, the complexes 3 and 4 on dissolution in CH3CN dissociate reversibly into the corresponding binuclear complexes from which the tetrameric complexes can be readily regenerated. Treatment of 2 with excess of pyridine produces the heterosubstituted derivative, Cu2(mu2-I)2(C5H5N)2(mu-PNP) (6). The interaction of 2 with 2,2'-bipyridine in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios produces the mono- and disubstituted derivatives, Cu2(mu2-I)I(C10H8N2)(mu-PNP) (7) and [Cu2(mu2-I)(C10H8N2)2(mu-PNP)]I (8), respectively. The chloro and bromo analogues of 7 are prepared by treating the tetranuclear derivatives 3 and 4 with 2,2'-bipyridine. Reaction of 2 with 4,4'-bipyridine in the presence of AgOTf gives the cationic complex [Cu4(NCCH3)4(C10H8N2)2(mu-PNP)2](OTf)4 (9), whereas the complex [Cu2(NCCH3)2(mu-PNP)2](OTf)2 (10) was obtained from the reaction of 2 with 1 equiv of 1 and AgOTf. The reactions of 3 and 4 with 2 equiv of 4,4'-bipyridine in acetonitrile afford one-dimensional copper(I) coordination polymers [Cu2(mu2-X)2(mu-PNP)(C10H8N2)]n (13, X = Cl; 14, X = Br). The molecular structures of 2-4, 6-8, 12, and 14 are confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

Catalytic and enantioselective aza-ene and hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of alkenes and dienes with azodicarboxylates

Lewis acids such as Cu(OTf)(2), Zn(OTf)(2), Yb(OTf)(3) and Nd(OTf)(3) catalyze the aza-ene reaction of alkenes with azodicarboxylates, giving the allylic amination adducts. The use of bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)azodicarboxylate as the amination reagent and Cu(OTf)(2) and Yb(OTf)(3) as the catalysts gave the aza-ene reaction of different alkenes, leading to the corresponding allyl amines in high yields. Chiral copper complexes prepared from Cu(OTf)(2) and chiral bisoxazoline ligands were found to catalyze the enantioselective aza-ene reaction of azodicarboxylates with alkenes and the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene, giving the corresponding aza-ene- and hetero-Diels-Alder adducts, respectively, in good yields and moderate enantioselectivities.