纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极检测痕量镉离子

制备了一种纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极,并研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的溶出伏安行为。结果表明,纳米氧化铁颗粒能有效促进镉离子的溶出伏安响应。在pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,镉离子能有效吸附在纳米氧化铁表面并在-1.0 V时被还原。被还原的镉在正向扫描过程中可以重新氧化,并在-0.85 V处出现一明显的溶出伏安氧化峰。该峰电流随镉离子浓度的增大而增大,可用于对镉离子的检测。在最佳检测条件(pH 6.0,富集时间350 s,富集电位-1.0 V)下,镉离子的响应电流与其浓度在6.0×10-10～1.0×10-8mol/L以及1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-10 mol/L。干扰实验结果表明,一些常见的阳离子以及阴离子对镉离子的检测无明显干扰。将该方法用于实际样品的检测,回收率良好。     

差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定陶瓷器皿中铅和镉的溶出率

采用4%的乙酸浸泡陶瓷样品24 h,应用同位镀汞差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定了陶瓷样品中微量重金属铅、镉的溶出量。以0.1 mol/L的硝酸溶液做底液,0.1 mol/L的KCl溶液做支持电解质,2 g/L的Hg2+溶液做镀汞液,测得铅的溶出峰电位为-0.5 V(vsSCE),镉的溶出峰电位为-0.7 V(vsSCE),两者含量在5×10-4～1 mg/L和5×10-4～0.5 mg/L范围内峰电流和其含量呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为2×10-4和4.3×10-3mg/L。     

聚赖氨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定大米中的铅

通过滴涂及电聚合方式分别将多壁碳纳米管和赖氨酸共修饰于玻碳电极上,制备出聚赖氨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极,并建立了阳极溶出伏安法测定铅离子的新方法。采用线性扫描伏安法及循环伏安法研究了铅离子在修饰电极上的电化学行为,并考察了测定底液、底液p H值、富集电位、富集时间等条件的影响。在最佳实验条件下,铅离子的溶出峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-7~8.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7mol·L-1。利用所制备的修饰电极对大米样品进行加标回收实验,回收率为98%~102%。该方法具有良好的灵敏度和稳定性,已成功应用于大米样品中铅离子的测定。     

茜素红S/多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量铜

制备了茜素红S/多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极,提出了一种灵敏的溶出伏安法测定痕量铜的新方法.在极谱分析仪上采用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法进行分析,在0.1 moL/L的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH 4.1)中,Cu与修饰电极表面的茜素红S(ARS)形成Cu(Ⅱ)-ARS络合物而富集于电极表面,于-400 mV处还原后,再进行阳极化扫描,于64 mV处获得一灵敏的铜的阳极溶出峰,峰电流与Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在2×10-11 mol/L～6×10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3) 为8.0×10-12 mol/L(富集时间240 s).方法应用于人发中铜含量的测定,回收率为98%～102%.     

碳糊电极阳极吸附伏安法测定洛美沙星

报道了碳糊电极阳极吸附伏安法测定洛美沙星的新方法。在0.096mol L的KHP NaOH(pH5.4)缓冲液中,用碳糊电极为工作电极,在0.3V(vs.SCE)富集一定时间,然后从0.3～1 3V以300mV s扫速线性扫描,记录其在1 02V的二次导数阳极溶出峰。溶出峰电流与洛美沙星浓度在8.0×10-9～8.0×10-8mol L(富集90s)和8.0×10-8～8.0×10-7mol L(富集30s)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9844和0.9967,检出限为9.0×10-10mol L(S N=3)。探讨了洛美沙星在碳糊电极上的伏安性质和电极反应机理,并且成功地应用于人体尿液中洛美沙星的测定,结果与紫外光度法基本吻合。     

石墨烯修饰电极对维生素B12的电化学响应及其分析应用

应用石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极结合循环伏安法研究了维生素B12在该电极上的电化学行为;用差示脉冲溶出伏安法考察了石墨烯修饰量、缓冲溶液种类、pH、富集电位及富集时间对响应电流的影响。在最佳实验条件下,响应电流与维生素B12的浓度在1.6×10-7~9.5×10-6mol/L范围内有良好的线性相关,检出限为5.9×10-8mol/L。方法可用于药物和人尿样品中维生素B12的检测。     

聚邻苯三酚修饰电极的制备及其对铜(Ⅱ)的测定

采用电化学方法在pH 7.0磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中,将邻苯三酚氧化电聚合制成稳定的水不溶性膜修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,将制得的膜修饰电极(PPG/GCE)在一定电位下选择性预富集铜(Ⅱ),并用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定。结果表明,该膜修饰电极对铜(Ⅱ)的富集作用明显强于裸玻碳电极。对电聚合条件、富集和溶出介质、还原时间、富集电位等实验参数进行了考察,在优化实验条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)的浓度在5.0×10-8~1.0×10-5mol/L范围内与阳极氧化峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.998 1,检出限为1.0×10-9mol/L。制得的修饰电极具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,可用于实际样品人发的分析,样品的回收率为99%~104%。     

锆-钙-茜素红异多核配合物在碳纳米管修饰电极上的阴极吸附伏安法行为及分析应用

制备了碳纳米管修饰碳黑微电极,研究了锆-钙-茜素红异多核络合物在该电极上的阴极吸附伏安行为,提出了一种测定痕量锆的新方法.采用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法进行分析.在0.096mol/L乙酸-0.048mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲液(pH=3.8)中,络合物吸附在碳黑微电极表面,于-502mV(vs SCE)处产生1灵敏的溶出峰,峰电流与锆的浓度在6.0×10<-12>～8.0×10-7mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为4.0×10-12mol/L(富集时间180s).用于岩矿样品中痕量锆的测定,结果满意.     

石墨烯/聚邻苯二胺膜修饰碳糊电极电催化性能的研究

研制了一种新型的石墨烯/聚邻苯二胺膜饰碳糊电极(GR/PPD/CPE)。在NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH 7.3)中,利用循环伏安法研究了对苯二酚(HQ)和邻苯二酚(CC)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,利用线性扫描溶出伏安法研究了扫速与峰电流或峰电位的关系,利用微分脉冲溶出伏安法测定了HQ和CC的含量,线性范围分别为6.5×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L和1.0×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.0×10-8mol/L和2.0×10-7mol/L。方法用于自来水样中的HQ和CC的测定,回收率在96.5%~102.5%之间。     

1-(3-硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯修饰碳糊电极测定痕量锡

制备了三氮烯修饰碳糊电极(m-NPPAPT/CPE),并研究了Sn(Ⅱ)在该电极上的吸附伏安行为,建立了一种测定痕量锡(Ⅱ)的新方法。采用二阶导数线性扫描溶出伏安法进行分析。结果表明:在1mL 0.5mol/L HCl溶液中,于-1200mV处搅拌富集一定时间,在-1200～-200mV范围内以150mV/s的扫描速度线性扫描,Sn(Ⅱ)吸附在修饰电极表面,于约-476mV(vs SCE)处产生一个灵敏的阳极溶出峰,峰电流比未修饰电极增大约11倍。其峰电流与Sn(Ⅱ)浓度在4.0×10-10～1.0×10-8 mol/L和1.0×10-8～4.0×10-6 mol/L范围内分两段呈良好线性关系,其线性回归方程分别为ip(μA)=1.646C(μmol/L)+2.9566和ip(μA)=52.804C(μmol/L)-0.6402,相关系数分别为0.9973和0.9967;检出限(S/N=3)为2.7×10-10 mol/L(富集时间120s)。本方法操作简便、灵敏度高,应用于罐头食品中锡含量的测定,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.