喷射成形FGH4095的热变形特征

研究了喷射成形高温合金FGH4095在温度为1010—1140℃、应变速率为0.001—10.0s^-1下的热变形行为,并使用双曲正弦模型建立了喷射成形FGH4095的本构方程.结果表明:本构方程预测结果与实验值符合较好,为喷射成形FGH4095热加工过程的数值模拟提供了较准确的模型.     

喷射成形粉末高温合金FGH4095M的制备及组织特征

喷射成形是一种近净成形的在粉末冶金气体雾化制粉技术基础上发展起来的快速凝固技术. 本文采用喷射成形技术制备成分优化后的FGH4095M合金, 研究了喷射成形FGH4095M合金沉积坯的致密度、显微组织特征, 特别是研究了喷射成形高温合金组织中特殊形貌的γ’相. 研究表明, 致密度与沉积坯部位有关, 底部致密度最高, 可达99.63%, 热等静压后的致密度可达100%. 喷射成形合金组织以均匀细小的等轴晶为主, 不存在原始颗粒边界; 一次γ’ 相尺寸约为0.6-0.8 μm, 二次γ’相尺寸约为0.1-0.5 μm, 在二次γ’相的间隙中有少量尺寸约为10-20 nm的三次γ’相. 喷射成形FGH4095M 合金中的二次 γ’相中出现特殊形貌的γ’相, 这是由单个γ’颗粒分裂形成, 与沉积过程的低冷却速度有关. 分裂过程是γ’颗粒总能量降低的过程, γ’颗粒间的弹性交互作用能起到主导作用. 对分裂γ’相的等效直径进行统计, 得到γ’ 相等效直径超过0.40 μm 后, 会出现分裂趋势. 合金具备优异的拉伸性能, 室温塑性得到显著提高, 出现γ’ 相分裂的特殊形貌组织是否对合金性能的提高产生直接影响仍需进行进一步的研究.     

喷射成型FGH4095静态再结晶组织特征

为了研究喷射成型FGH4095高温合金经热等静压、近等温锻后固溶热处理的组织特征,采用喷射成型高温合金,经1170℃,120 MPa,3 h热等静压和75%压缩量的近等温锻,经1120℃,1140℃,1160℃保温10,20,40 min固溶热处理,再经油淬后研究其再结晶过程及晶粒尺寸、析出相的变化规律.结果表明,固溶温度强烈影响静态再结晶过程及固溶后的组织.在1120℃下固溶20 min,由于区域化的不完全再结晶,可形成项链组织;1140℃下固溶40 min可基本完成再结晶,并得到细化的再结晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸约为8μm;1160℃下固溶10 min即可基本完成再结晶,晶粒尺寸长大到约18μm.     

激光立体成形中熔池凝固微观组织的元胞自动机模拟

本文通过采用自适应网格技术, 将激光立体成形的宏观温度场模型和凝固微观组织的低网格各向异性元胞自动机模型(cellular automaton, CA)结合, 建立了适用于激光立体成形的集成数值模型. 模型包括基材的温度场分布, 熔池形貌和熔凝过程的凝固微观组织. 模拟了激光扫描速度为15 mm/s时, 激光作用在Fe-C单晶基材上形成熔池的形状以及熔池内凝固微观组织. 计算结果揭示了熔池内固液界面从平界面失稳到胞\枝晶的非稳态凝固过程, 并得到了平界面组织形成的白亮带. 白亮带上方形成了外延生长的枝晶列.     

激光沉积修复BT20合金的显微组织和力学性能

针对BT20钛合金锻件当量孔损伤进行激光沉积修复试验,考察了修复试样的组织和力学特点。修复区与基材之间形成了致密冶金结合,Al,Zr,Mo,V合金元素由锻件基体到激光修复区均匀分布,无宏观偏析,硬度分布从基材到修复区依次提高。热影响区组织是由基材的双态组织过渡到网篮组织;修复区组织为粗大的原始柱状晶,晶粒内为/网篮组织,晶内片层取向随机, 宽0.4~0.5 m。修复过程中发现,激光加工工艺参数选择不当、坡度过大等原因会造成修复区组织形成气孔和熔合不良等缺陷,但是通过优化工艺参数可以获得无缺陷修复试样。修复试样的室温静拉伸结果表明,试样的抗拉强度接近锻件基体强度,但修复件的韧性比锻件稍有提高。     

激光沉积修复BT20合金的显微组织和力学性能

针对BT20钛合金锻件当量孔损伤进行激光沉积修复试验,考察了修复试样的组织和力学特点。修复区与基材之间形成了致密冶金结合,Al,Zr,Mo,V合金元素由锻件基体到激光修复区均匀分布,无宏观偏析,硬度分布从基材到修复区依次提高。热影响区组织是由基材的双态组织过渡到网篮组织;修复区组织为粗大的原始柱状β晶,晶粒内为α/β网篮组织,晶内α片层取向随机,宽0.4~0.5μm。修复过程中发现,激光加工工艺参数选择不当、坡度过大等原因会造成修复区组织形成气孔和熔合不良等缺陷,但是通过优化工艺参数可以获得无缺陷修复试样。修复试样的室温静拉伸结果表明,试样的抗拉强度接近锻件基体强度,但修复件的韧性比锻件稍有提高。     

超导材料的显微组织及力学性能

本文对四种超导材料 Y_(0.3)Ba_(0.7)CuO(3-δ)和(Y_(0.3)Ba_(0.7))(Cu_(0.8)M_(0.2)O_(3-δ)[其中 M=cr、V、Bi]的显微组织作了分析,发现经烧结后的超导材料由 Y-Ba-Cu-O 和 Y-Ba-Cu-M-O 的单相固溶体组成.固溶体化学成分的原子百分比基本满足 ABO_3 组成。其次,由于烧结中化学反应不充分,还有剩余的氧化物粒子聚合体.同时在单相固溶体边界上有偏析相析出。本文还对上述材料中各相进行了显微硬度的测量,从而可初步比较它们的力学性能。结果表明,铬、钒、铋的少量掺杂,不仅可保持材料在液氮温区的超导性,还明显增加相的显微硬度,从而有可能使力学性能大大提高.     

新型喷射制冷循环的研究

本文提出了利用双元工质在降低压缩比的同时降低蒸发温度的新型喷射制冷循环,由于双元工质低温域蒸发产生的双相流压缩过程也得到了圆满的解决;并且对R11取代物进行了研究．文中介绍了R123,R141b,R123／R141b,R123／R141b和R141b／R142b的实验及数据分析结果．实验结果显示了新型喷射制冷循环的优越性．     

包裹团簇的纳米喷射

文章报道了加热包裹团簇（结构为Pb芯／PbO壳）产生纳米喷射。随着温度升高，熔点较低的铅核先熔化并膨胀，冲破氧化层外壳形成蝌蚪状的纳米喷射。温度可变拉曼谱研究表明纳米喷射形成与加热温度密切相关，其本质是与团簇内部压力有关，团簇内核融熔膨胀受到外壳限域而产生极高内压。     

新型冰箱压缩/喷射混合制冷循环的研究

提出一种新型冰箱压缩/喷射混合制冷循环,该循环相对冰箱传统的简单制冷循环改动较小,只引入了一个冰箱用喷射器,易于实现。针对此循环进行了理论分析和计算,结果表明,混合循环与简单循环相比:制冷系数增加6%—12%,容积制冷量增加10%—18%,尤其对于大冷藏室的双温和多温冰箱节能效果更好。进而论述了喷射器喷嘴的临界截面直径和出口截面直径的设计与制冷量和制冷设计工况之间的对应关系。     

Oxidation during the production of FGH4095 superalloy powders by electrode induction-melt inert gas atomization

Super-clean and super-spherical FGH4095 superalloy powder is produced by the ceramic-free electrode inductionmelt inert gas atomization(EIGA) technique.A continuous and steady-state liquid metal flow is achieved at high-frequency(350 k Hz) alternating current and high electric power(100 k W).The superalloy is immersed in a high-frequency induction coil,and the liquid metal falling into a supersonic nozzle is atomized by an Ar gas of high kinetic gas energy.Numerical calculations are performed to optimize the structure parameters for the nozzle tip.The undesired oxidation reaction of alloying elements starts at 1000?C with the reaction originating from the active sites on the powder surfaces,leading to the formation of oxides,Me_xO_y.The role of active sites and kinetic factors associated with the diffusion of oxygen present in the atomization gas streams are also examined.The observed results reveal that the oxidation process occurring at the surface of the produced powders gradually moves toward the core,and that there exists a clear interface between the product layer and the reactant.The present study lays a theoretical foundation for controlling the oxidation of nickel-based superalloy powders from the powder process step.     

Hot corrosion behavior of the spray-formed nickel-based superalloy

An investigation of low temperature hot corrosion is carried out on a spray-formed nickel-based superalloy FGH100pre-coated with Na_2SO_4~- NaCl at 700℃ for 100 h. Mass gain measurement, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to study the corrosion behavior. Results reveal that corrosion behavior follows a sequence, that is, first rapidly proceeding, then gradually slowing down, and finally forming an outer layer composed of different types of oxides and an inner layer mainly comprised of sulfides. In-depth analysis reveals that the hot corrosion of FGH100 is a combined effect of oxidation-sulfidation and transfer of oxides.     

Three-dimensional microstructure simulation of Ni-based superalloy investment castings

An integrated macro and micro multi-scale model for the three-dimensional microstructure simulation of Ni-based superalloy investment castings was developed, and applied to industrial castings to investigate grain evolution during solidification. A ray tracing method was used to deal with the complex heat radiation transfer. The microstructure evolution was simulated based on the Modified Cellular Automaton method, which was coupled with three-dimensional nested macro and micro grids. Experiments for Ni-bas...     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical property of pulsed laser welded Ni-based superalloy

For evaluating the microstructure evolution and mechanical property of Ni-based Hastelloy C-276 weld joint by the pulsed laser welding, the influence of pulsed laser welding on the microstructure and mechanical property of the weld joint is investigated by the analysis of the microstructure morphology, microhardness, phase structure and tensile property. The results indicate that, in the fusion zone three sections are divided on the basis of the patterns of grain structures. In the weld joint, the element segregation is found, but the trend of brittle phase׳s formation is weakened. The weld microhardness presents just a little higher than that of base metal, and there is no obvious the softened heat affected zone. Meanwhile in the weld joint, the phase structure is still the face-center cubic with the tiny shift of peak positions and widened Full Width at Half-Maximum. The yield strength of weld joint is the same as that of base metal, and the tensile strength is nearly 90% of that of base metal. The decreased tensile strength is mainly attributed to the dislocation piling-up.     

Microstructure and residual stress of laser rapid formed Inconel 718 nickel-base superalloy

The microstructure and residual stress of laser rapid formed (LRFed) nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718 was investigated. The as-deposited microstructure of an LRFed Inconel 718 alloy is composed of columnar dendrites growing epitaxially along the deposition direction, and the columnar dendrites transformed to unevenly distributed equiaxed grains after annealing treatment at high temperature. Residual stress evaluation in microstructure scale by Vickers micro-indentation method indicates that the residual thermal stress is unevenly distributed in the LRFed sample, and it has a significant effect on the recrystallization during solution annealing treatment. The residual stress is introduced by rapid heating and cooling during laser rapid forming. There is an alternative distribution between high residual stress regions and low residual stress regions, within a single deposited layer, resulting in a similar distribution of recrystallized grain size.     

锌基复合气凝胶的微观结构

以ZnCl2为前躯物,不同相对分子质量的聚丙烯酸为模版剂,环氧丙烷作为催化剂,超临界干燥成功制得了锌基复合气凝胶。运用场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜和N2等温吸附测试对气凝胶的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明,制备的锌基复合气凝胶呈现三维网络状结构,其三维结构是由大量微小颗粒组成,颗粒的粒径为nm量级,为介孔材料。选用相对分子质量为1800的聚丙烯酸作为模版剂制备的气凝胶的微观结构最好,无明显的塌陷和团聚现象,其比表面积为236 m2/g,平均孔径分布在11 nm左右,总的孔体积为0.179 cm3/g。     

溶液法制备氧化锌晶体的微结构及发光特性研究

以醋酸锌和六次甲基四胺为原料在不同的溶液环境中,采用水热法或热溶液法合成了不同形貌的微纳氧化锌.氧化锌形貌和尺寸的控制对合成环境有强烈的依赖.通过化学吸附将乙二胺四乙酸二钠和柠檬酸吸附在氧化锌的极性面上,可以抑制极性面的晶体生长,调控氧化锌的晶体形貌.这种选择吸附性导致了样品形貌的不同.拉曼光谱测试结果表明,在柠檬酸溶液中合成的氧化锌的晶粒更小.光致发光光谱测试结果表明,所得到的氧化锌的发光是激子和缺陷发光.