共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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微操作生物或物理样品实验中使用单面磁镊来吸引样品,而实际应用中往往需要对样品进行双头牵引.对传统的磁镊平台进行改进,搭建了创新的双面磁镊系统,易于有相关科研需求的学生进行实验操作并根据不同实验需求改进系统.并采用ANSYS对磁场进行有限元模拟,使学生更直观地理解磁镊的工作原理. 相似文献
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传统磁镊的测量精度受限于磁球的布朗涨落, 当磁力小于约10 pN时, 磁球的布朗涨落明显增大, 对应磁镊的空间分辨率显著下降. 为了提高传统磁镊在小力条件下的测量精度, 本文将全内反射荧光技术引入到磁镊技术中, 并建立相适应的“磁球-手柄-荧光微球-待测生物分子”单分子连接系统, 在小力条件下(小于10 pN)获得纳米量级的测量精度. 应用改进的磁镊对DNA发卡的折叠-去折叠态的转变过程进行了研究, 依据DNA发卡的折叠-去折叠态转变的性质对全内反射场的穿透深度进行了校正, 并结合实验结果对改进后的磁镊的测量精度进行分析. 观察了Bloom解旋酶的解旋动力学过程, 获得初步实验结果, 证实了改进的磁镊在单分子研究中的实用性.
关键词:
磁镊
全内反射荧光
DNA发卡
解旋酶 相似文献
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同源序列识别与链交换过程是同源重组领域的重要研究方向.RecA蛋白作为重组酶家族的重要成员而一直被广泛研究.利用smFRET以及传统磁镊、光镊等技术,人们对同源重组过程的分子机制有了较深入的了解,然而,这些技术无法同时兼顾大量程与高精度的需求.本文提出一种传统磁镊结合DNA发夹结构的研究方案,并以大肠杆菌中的RecA介导的同源重组过程为例来阐述该方法的优点.使用本实验方案,我们实时观察到以下过程:1)RecA介导的链交换平均速度与已有结果一致,但并非匀速,而是以台阶式的跳变进行;2)直接观察到RecA第二结合位点与被置换链的动态相互作用过程,测量到第二结合位点与被置换链之间的结合力为3.0 pN,与光镊结合磁镊测量出的结果相符;3)能够区分链交换的方向性并观察到按照不同方向进行链交换的反应细节.本文提供了一个可以兼顾精度和测量范围的实验方法,并以RecA蛋白为例设计实验验证了其可靠性.磁镊结合DNA发夹结构的方法具备用于研究RecA或其他同源重组蛋白工作机理的潜质.因此,本文的工作有望成为单分子生物学领域研究同源重组过程的一个重要方法. 相似文献
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采用半经典近似方法,研究简谐势阱中二维理想带电玻色气体的磁性质.推导出了该体系的热力学势、相变温度、内能、比热、磁场强度和磁化率随外加磁场的变化关系,进而分析了约束势阱对理想带电玻色气体热力学性质的影响. 相似文献
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利用matlab工具模拟了布朗运动测量的实验。通过一正态随机数产生函数模拟从而产生布朗运动步距。在假定粒子所受拖曳力满足斯托克斯关系的情况下,通过拟合多个粒子的均方位移随时间的变化曲线得到斜率,从而进一步可得出扩散系数和波尔兹曼常数。同时,根据模拟结果也对如何减小实验误差作了分析。 相似文献
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对囚禁在轴对称谐振势阱中的玻色凝聚气体,提出一种新的试探波函数,运用Gross-Pitaevskii(G-P)平均场能量泛函和变分的方法,得到玻色凝聚气体基态和单涡旋态波函数的解析表达式,并计算出凝聚原子的平均能量、原子云轴向和径向尺度比,以及产生单涡旋态的临界角速度等重要物理量与凝聚原子数N之间的关系.其结果与Dalfovo等人直接数值求解G-P方程所得到的结果相一致.
关键词:
玻色凝聚气体
G-P泛函
波函数
谐振势阱 相似文献
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通过分析光阱中颗粒位移信号特性, 建立描述粒子受限布朗运动过程的自回归模型, 进而提出了一种基于自回归模型的光阱中颗粒运动信号模拟的新方法. 对半径为1 μm的粒子处于光阱刚度分别为10, 20, 50 pN/μm 光阱时的位移信号进行了模拟, 得到的模拟位移信号的自相关函数与理论值相一致. 为了进一步阐明自回归模型的有效性, 在相同光阱参数下, 分别采用自回归模型与蒙特卡罗方法模拟光阱中微粒的位移信号, 采用功率谱法分别对两种模拟方法所得的微粒位移标定光阱刚度, 结果表明自回归模型方法能够取得和蒙特卡洛法相同的精度. 因此, 本文为分析光阱中粒子的随机运动提出了一种新的模拟方法, 可以用来对光阱中的噪声及特性进行分析.
关键词:
光阱
布朗运动
信号模拟
自回归模型 相似文献
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Brownian motion has played important roles in many different fields of science since its origin was first explained by Albert Einstein in 1905. Einstein's theory of Brownian motion, however, is only applicable at long time scales. At short time scales, Brownian motion of a suspended particle is not completely random, due to the inertia of the particle and the surrounding fluid. Moreover, the thermal force exerted on a particle suspended in a liquid is not a white noise, but is colored. Recent experimental developments in optical trapping and detection have made this new regime of Brownian motion accessible. This review summarizes related theories and recent experiments on Brownian motion at short time scales, with a focus on the measurement of the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle in a gas and the observation of the transition from ballistic to diffusive Brownian motion in a liquid. 相似文献
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We report on the thermal effects on the motion of current-driven massive magnetic skyrmions. The reduced equation for the motion of skyrmion has the form of a stochastic generalized Thiele’s equation. We propose an ansatz for the magnetization texture of a non-rigid single skyrmion that depends linearly with the velocity. By using this ansatz it is found that the skyrmion mass tensor is closely related to intrinsic skyrmion parameters, such as Gilbert damping, skyrmion-charge and dissipative force. We have found an exact expression for the average drift velocity as well as the mean-square velocity of the skyrmion. The longitudinal and transverse mobility of skyrmions for small spin-velocity of electrons is also determined and found to be independent of the skyrmion mass. 相似文献
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Coupling effect of Brownian motion and laminar shear flow on colloid coagulation:a Brownian dynamics simulation study 下载免费PDF全文
Simultaneous orthokinetic and perikinetic coagulations(SOPCs) are studied for small and large Peclet numbers(P e) using Brownian dynamics simulation.The results demonstrate that the contributions of the Brownian motion and the shear flow to the overall coagulation rate are basically not additive.At the early stages of coagulation with small Peclet numbers,the ratio of overall coagulation rate to the rate of pure perikinetic coagulation is proportional to P 1/2 e,while with high Peclet numbers,the ratio of overall coagulation rate to the rate of pure orthokinetic coagulation is proportional to P 1/2 e.Moreover,our results show that the aggregation rate generally changes with time for the SOPC,which is different from that for pure perikinetic and pure orthokinetic coagulations.By comparing the SOPC with pure perikinetic and pure orthokinetic coagulations,we show that the redistribution of particles due to Brownian motion can play a very important role in the SOPC.In addition,the effects of redistribution in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the shear flow direction are different.This perspective explains the behavior of coagulation due to the joint effects of the Brownian motion(perikinetic) and the fluid motion(orthokinetic). 相似文献
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Stéphane Roux 《Journal of statistical physics》1987,48(1-2):201-213
We introduce a family of stochastic processes which are a natural extension of Brownian motion to a tensor form. This allows us to solve a Dirichlet problem of linear elasticity obeying Lamé's equation, [1–(d– 1)]2V(x)+ [·V(x)]=0. 相似文献
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The long-time translational and rotational motion of a Brownian particle in two dimensions is studied on the basis of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and linearized hydrodynamics. The long-time motion follows from the low frequency behavior of the mobility matrix. The coefficient of the long-time tail for the translational motion turns out to be independent of shape and size of the body, in agreement with mode-coupling theory. For rotational Brownian motion the coefficient of the long-time tail is found to depend on the shape of the body. This result is in conflict with a recent prediction from mode-coupling theory, and indicates that the mode-coupling calculation should be revised.This article is dedicated in friendship to Prof. Matthieu Ernst on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 相似文献
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Starting with the Langevin equation for a nonlinear oscillator (the Duffing oscillator) undergoing ordinary Brownian motion, we derive linear transport laws for the motion of the average position and velocity of the oscillator. The resulting linear equations are valid for only small deviations of average values from thermal equilibrium. They contain a renormalized oscillator frequency and a renormalized and non-Markovian friction coefficient, both depending on the nonlinear part of the original equation of motion. Numerical computations of the position correlation function and its spectral density are presented. The spectral density compares favorably with experimental results obtained by Morton using an analog computer method.Technical Note BN-674. Research supported in part by NSF grant GP-12591, and in part by PHS Research Grant No. MG16426-02 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. 相似文献
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N. G. van Kampen 《Journal of statistical physics》1986,44(1-2):1-24
The question of the existence and correct form of equations describing Brownian motion on a manifold cannot be answered by mathematics alone, but requires a study of the underlying physics. As in classical mechanics, manifolds enter through the transformation of variables needed to account for the presence of constraints. The constraints are either due to a physical agency that forces the motion to remain on a manifold, or they represent conserved quantities of the equation of motion themselves. Also the Brownian motion is described either by a Smoluchowski diffusion equation or by a Kramers equation. The four cases lead to the following conclusions, (i) Smoluchowski diffusion with a conserved quantity reduces to a diffusion equation on the manifold; (ii) The same is true for diffusion with a physical constraint in three dimensions, but in more dimensions it may happen thatno autonomous equation on the manifold results; (iii) A Kramers equation with a conserved quantity reduces to an equation on the manifold, but in general not of the form of a Kramers equation; (iv) The Kramers equation with a physical constraint reduces to an autonomous Kramers equation on the manifold only for a special shape of that constraint. Throughout, only a certain type of physical constraints has been envisaged, and global questions are ignored. Finally, the customary heuristic construction of a Fokker-Planck equation for a mechanical system on a manifold is demonstrated for the case of Brownian rotation of a rigid body, and its shortcomings are emphasized. 相似文献
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Roumen Tsekov 《Physics letters. A》2018,382(33):2230-2232
The Klein–Kramers equation, governing the Brownian motion of a classical particle in a quantum environment under the action of an arbitrary external potential, is derived. Quantum temperature and friction operators are introduced and at large friction the corresponding Smoluchowski equation is obtained. Introducing the Bohm quantum potential, this Smoluchowski equation is extended to describe the Brownian motion of a quantum particle in quantum environment. 相似文献