γ谱仪测量系统样品旋转装置研制

利用球体随机旋转性好的特点，将包装样品的容器装入球内并放在样品旋转台中，在两台速度不同，方向垂直的步进电机带动下，球在旋转台上随机转动，实现对包装容器内的样品进行连续随机扫描，以达到减小由于包装容器的非均匀性对测量结果的影响，样品旋转装置由球面板、四根支柱，底座、步进电机及步进电机控制电路组成。采用两台型号为５７ＢＹＧ５０３的步进电机驱动球体旋转，步进电机控制器可对两台电机进行单独控制，并具有正反转功能，其转速分为２、５、８、１２、１６、２０转／ｍｉｎ六档，可连续长时间工作。     

Programmable spark counter of tracks

For the purpose, a new set—the programmable all-automatic spark counter AIST-4—has been developed and manufactured. Compared to our previous automated spark counter ISTRA, which was operated by the integrated fixed program, the new set is operated completely by a personal computer. The mechanism for pressing and pulling the aluminized foil is put into action by a step motor operated by a microcontroller. The step motor turns an axle. The axle has two eccentrics. One of them moves a pressing plate up and down. The second eccentric moves the aluminized foil by steps of after the end of each pulse counting. One turnover of the axle corresponds to one pulse count cycle. The step motor, the high-voltage block and the pulse count block are operated by the microcontroller PIC 16C84 (Microstar). The set can be operated either manually by keys on the front panel or by a PC using dialogue windows for radon or neutron measurements (for counting of alpha or fission fragment tracks). A number of algorithms are developed: the general procedures, the automatic stopping of the pulse counting, the calibration curve, determination of the count characteristics and elimination of the short circuit in a track.     

载频调制大剪切电子散斑干涉系统

大剪切电子散斑干涉技术不需要引入参考光，具有条纹质量好等特点。提出将干涉场的载频调制技术引入到大剪切电子散斑干涉中，可形成具有载频调制功能的新的电子散斑干涉系统。该系统具有对测量环境的隔振振动要求低，能方便定量求解物体的变形场等优点。首先讨论大剪切载频的调制机理，然后利用中心加载、周边固定的圆盘进行典型实验，设计了可用计算机控制且可对参考物进行精确偏转的步进电机系统，进而实现了对电子散斑干涉场的自动控制调制。最后，利用傅里叶变换法对调制条纹进行解调，解调出变形场的相位，并通过相位与位移的转换计算，得到精确的物体变形场。实验结果证明，该系统能够调制电子散斑干涉场，求解物体的位移场。     

傅立叶变换用于电机转速的测量

提出了一种用傅立叶变换进行电机转速测量的新方法,以Labview为平台建立了实验系统,利用采集卡（或计算机声卡）检测被与电机同轴连接的齿盘调制的光电信号,由信号的幅度谱计算电机的转速。使用斩波器对此方法进行了实验验证,当转速范围为100—6000r／m,测量结果和实际值完全吻合。     

Analysis of activation in anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive process of selection following somatosensory stimuli: fMRI study with elaborate task paradigms

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been pointed out to play an important role in the cognitive process of selection underlying "early selection" of perceptually (visually or auditorily) and "late selection" of behaviorally relevant information. However, it is still unclear in cognitive process of selection that the ACC can be activated by somatosensory stimuli as perceptually relevant information. To determine whether the ACC is activated by "early selection" of somatosensory stimuli surely without effects of motor acts as behavior, eighteen normal subjects performed elaborately designed tasks of selection while receiving somatosensory stimuli on their toes of the right and left feet under three different conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 1.5 T. ACC activation was observed to be 2.1+/-0.3% (mean +/- SE) in selection and finger movement as motor acts, and 1.3+/-0.3% in selection and counting (without motor acts), whereas there was no activation in non-selection. The present fMRI study demonstrates that the ACC is activated by "early selection" following somatosensory stimuli surely without subsequent motor acts.     

基于STM32F4的电机控制系统设计

为改善步进电机堵转、失步、超步等问题,提高步进精度,使步进电机能够快速准确定位,提出基于STM32F4微控制器的步进电机控制系统设计。通过改变PWM输出定时器的预分频值控制电机转速,直线阶梯形升降速算法实现调速;采用DMA方式控制电机脉冲数量,实现位置精确控制。实验以及实际应用情况表明,阶梯形升降速算法以及DMA方式位置控制算法能够满足一般要求,系统误差为±0.01度。系统精确度高、性能可靠、扩展性强,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于线阵TDI-CCD器件的扫描成像系统设计

提出了由步进电机控制振镜运转,基于线阵TDI-CCD相机的扫描成像设计方案.通过研究线阵TDI-CCD器件的结构与工作原理,得到对振镜扫描速率和相机行扫描速率进行同步的方法,实现了空间位置配准.采用EC-11相机进行成像实验,扫描成像系统输出了可辨别的图像.     

光栅单色仪最佳分度的判断

本文利用波动光学的简单方法讨论光栅单色仪的分辨极限与步进电机参数的联系,为最佳利用分辨极限提供了简单可行的实验方法,也给出了用步栅单色仪的分辨率可供参考的例证。     

Atomic hydrogen induced step bunching and fabrication of quantum wire arrays on GaAs（311） A Substrate by molecular eam epitaxy

Atomic hydrogen assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is a novel type of epitaxial growth of nanostructures. The GaAs (311)A surface naturally forms one-dimensional step arrays by step bunching along the direction of 〈-233〉 and the space period is around 40nm. The step arrays extend over several μm without displacement. The InGaAs quantum wire arrays are grown on the step arrays as the basis. Our results may prompt further development of more uniform quantum wire and quantum dot arrays.     

Modelling processive motor proteins: Moving on two legs in the microscopic realm

Biological motion is for a large part powered by motor proteins. These are tiny engines (about a millionth of an inch) that convert chemical energy into mechanical force and motion. Processive motor proteins are among the most sophisticated and well studied of the motor proteins. They consist of two identical 'feet' that literally step forward on a long polymer as the fuel is consumed. When a human or other large animal steps, the physics involves mass, gravity and inertia. But for the walking protein the physics is different. Inertial forces are negligible compared to the frictional forces and Brownian motion, i.e. the random movements of molecules at a microscopic level, becomes an issue. Much of the research of the last decades has been directed towards figuring out the amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of proteins, but less effort and progress has been made towards understanding the operation of proteins in action. With a simple but rigorous model it is shown how Brownian motion and the generation of real force actually team up to make the motor protein step. The model, moreover, accounts accurately for recently obtained data on moving motor proteins.     

一种驻波型超声马达的研究

研制出一种以长条片关压电陶瓷振子作煊子的驻波型超声马达，该马达具有整体结构简单，易于制作与调整、驱动电路合理、运行稳定的特点；由实验研究，测出了其主要性能参数，利用该马达已开发出特性优异的超声步进马达及时钟模型，小型走纸机。     

智能写字机器人设计

设计了一种两自由度写字机器人,可以很方便地完成在平面上的书写绘画任务。可以把在计算机输入的文字通过控制算法和硬件电路用步进电机带动写字笔在纸面自动地描写出来。上位机选用计算机作为主机,采用Arduino系统作为从机。在计算机上将输入的文字转换成坐标形式的G代码,在通过串口发送给下位机控制器,下位机控制器采用直线插补和圆弧形插补算法,输出控制脉冲和方向电平控制步进电机前进或者后退。步进电机是由脉冲控制的,每发来一个脉冲就前进一步,实现了对距离的精确控制。本设计可以拓展一轴,加入Z轴理论上可以实现3D打印功能,把写字笔换成雕刻刀或者是激光头可以雕刻立体作品,拓展功能丰富。     

Coupled mode perturbation theory of range dependence

The conventional coupled mode solution is combined with perturbation theory to give a fast, accurate range-dependent normal mode solution for deep water acoustic propagation. Perturbation theory is used to calculate the new normal modes at each range step. The new modes are obtained as a linear combination of the modes for the previous step without requiring a numerical solution of the depth-separated wave equation. The process may be repeated for many steps and yields normal modes and eigenvalues which are sufficiently accurate for solution of practical problems in deep water. The method is applied to long-range propagation through oceanic fronts.     

匹配光纤光栅温度传感解调系统

实验了一种基于一维调节器的光纤光栅静态温度(温度缓变)探测系统。在系统中,一维调节器与步进电机相连,步进电机由PC(计算机)通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)进行控制,匹配光纤光栅被固定在一维调节器上用来解调增敏光纤光栅传感器探测到的温度信号,匹配光栅的Bragg周期可通过调节一维调节器进行控制,其透射的光信号经光电检测电路检测并与调节架形成闭环控制。实验测得,在10℃~70℃范围内系统温度传感探测精度为±0.3℃。     

面向XFEL的km级光纤链路的fs精度时钟分布

报道了一种基于光纤链路的飞秒精度的时钟分布方案。一台被动锁模的光纤飞秒激光器输出的超短脉冲序列作为主时序，通过2 km的普通单模光纤链路分发，利用平衡光学互相关技术探测传输中积累的时钟延迟误差，由光纤拉伸器和步进电机相结合在本地主动补偿，在2 h内的时钟分布稳定度优于10-18，时钟延迟标准差为1.1 fs。     

基于MSP430的直线导轨定位装置的设计与实现

直线导轨是数控技术的重要组成部件,它的精确程度非常重要。以MSP430单片机为核心,设计了一个直线导轨精确定位装置。此装置采用两相四线的ST57型步进电机和60CM的螺纹丝杆组成一个直线导轨组,选用M7128驱动器驱动步进电机,使用PWM波精确定位算法程序精确控制电机转速。MSP430的IO端口控制步进电机的正反转,使得步进电机带动螺纹丝杆转动,让滚动丝杠上的物体往复移动,并在电脑上显示当前位移值。试验证明,其定位精度为0.01cm,具有较高的可靠性和准确性,低成本,稳定性好。     

Emergence of supersteps on KH2PO4 crystal surfaces

In situ AFM investigation of growth on the [100] face of KH2PO4 in the presence of Al(III) and other trivalent metals reveals the emergence of a new type of morphological feature-the superstep. Supersteps, or step bunches consisting of 50-1500 elementary steps, are responsible for growth at all supersaturations and exhibit behavior not predicted by accepted models. The step velocity of the superstep is greater than that of single atomic steps and increases with step height. The steepness of the step riser reaches a limiting value of only 11.8 degrees.     

Initiation Mechanism of Kinesin's Neck Linker Docking Process

The neck linker(NL) docking to the motor domain is the key force generation process of a kinesin motor. In the initiation step of NL docking the first three residues(LYS325, THR326 and ILE327 in 2 KIN) of the NL must form an 'extra turn', thus the other parts of the NL could dock to the motor domain. How the extra turn is formed remains elusive. We investigate the extra turn formation mechanism using structure-based mechanical analysis via molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the motor head rotation induced by ATP binding first drives ILE327 to move towards a hydrophobic pocket on the motor domain. The driving force, together with the hydrophobic interaction of ILE327 with the hydrophobic pocket, then causes a clockwise rotation of THR326,breaks the locking of LYS325, and finally drives the extra turn formation. This extra turn formation mechanism provides a clear pathway from ATP binding to NL docking of kinesin.     

Molecular Motor Cycles: From Ratchets to Networks

Molecular motor cycles are studied in the framework of stochastic ratchets in which the motor moves along a 1-dimensional track, can attain M internal states, and can undergo transitions between these levels at K spatial positions. These ratchets can be mapped onto a stochastic network of KM discrete states. The network is governed by a Master equation, fulfills a vertex rule, and satisfies detailed balance in the absence of enzymatic activity and external force. Any pathway of the motor cycle which leads to a forward or backward step of the motor corresponds to a certain sequence of transitions spanning this network. The dependence of the motor velocity on the transition rates can be determined for arbitrary values of K and M and exhibits some simple and universal features.