巧用多媒体计算机做物理实验

在物理教学中，我们通常用多媒体计算机来模拟一些物理实验和处理一些实验数据．其实它也是一种很好的物理实验工具，因为多媒体计算机集成了声、光、电等设备，因此利用它可以完成或辅助完成一些声、光、电等的物理实验．     

数字物理实验

本提出数字物理实验的概念,给出了数字物理实验的构成。指出实验仿真是数字物理实验最重要的环节,提出了物理实验仿真的两种方法：间接法和直接法。数字物理实验是信息化技术与传统大学物理实验教学有机的结合,对发展大学物理教学形式和提高教学质量具有重要意义。     

综合物理实验和研究性创新物理实验的建设

阐述对综合物理实验和研究性创新物理实验的理解,以及近十几年来的实践经验.     

我国初中物理随堂实验

"边教边实验"现在也称"随堂实验",在我国50年代就已出现.1956年6月我国教育部颁发<中学物理教学大纲>(修订本)中就指出:"必须大力增加学生自己动手做实验的机会"、"初中学生必须以实验观察为基础,来探求各个现象的相互联系……"."大纲"还强调实验在物理教学中的作用和学生亲自做实验的重要性.这些已指明了中学物理教育改革的方向.     

重视物理实验中的演示实验

本文根据物理实验教学的特点，对在普通物理实验中重视开设演示实验进行了讨论，并做了几点尝试。     

借助物理实验深化素质教育的探讨

为更好地发挥物理实验在培养高素质人才方面的优势, 本文在以下几个方面进行探讨, 取得了较好效 果, 其中包括渗透前沿部分知识, 培养学员自主学习的意识和能力; 渗透物理理论与物理实验的辩证关系, 培养学员 的辩证思维能力; 渗透物理实验的思想方法, 培养学员的科学思维能力     

深化实验改革优化物理教学

物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学,物理实验是物理教学的一个重要部分,它既是物理教学的重要基础,又是物理教学的重要内容、方法和手段.而我国的中学物理教学,一直存在着不重视实验的倾向.     

物理演示的组合实验与综合实验

一、组合演示实验按实验内容物理演示可分为单一性、组合性和综合性实验．大多数情况下，为了配合一个物理现象、概念或定律的讲解而演示一个实验，这就是单一性演示实验．对于某些内容，则可安排或设计一组实验，这些实验的题目和目的相同，内容相互补充，逐渐深化，对于建立正确的物理概念或图像、普遍性地验证物理定律、培养学生科学的思维方法，将收到比单一实验好得多的效果．我们把这一组实验称为组合演示实验．例如，验证角动量守恒定律有很多现成的仪器和实验，其中大家所熟知的离心节速器式角动量守恒演示仪只能演示不受外力矩作用…     

初中物理课本二个实验的改进

1直尺处于水平位置实验的改进 物理通报杂志社主编初中<物理>第一册(新教材2001年版本)第178页讲"力臂"时的[实验1],做此实验后发现:(a)一支铅笔放在直尺中心下边作为支点,由于铅笔易滚动,实验难成功.(b)把硬币放在尺上,由于尺子和硬币组成的系统重心在支点以上,它几乎属于不稳平衡,实验较难成功.(c)看不清力臂.为此,我对这个实验进行了一些改进,实验效果较好.改进后的实验装置,还能让学生自己做教材中的[实验2],即"力对杠杆产生的效果与力的作用线的方向有关"和"研究杠杆的平衡条件"(第181页)的实验.现介绍如下.     

中学物理实验归类与设计

物理实验既是教学的重要基础又是教学的重要内容、方法和手段，在物理教学中学会设计实验是物理教师应该具有的重要素质．通过对课本实验分析归类，提出实验设计的几种思路，旨在以实验为契机，优化物理教学．     

Precision X-ray optics for fundamental interactions in atomic physics,resolving discrepancies in the X-ray regime

Reliable knowledge of the complex X-ray form factor (Re(f) and f) is required for many fields including crystallography, medical diagnosis and XAFS studies. However, there are discrepancies between theory and theory, experiment and experiment and theory and experiment of 10% and more, over central X-ray energies. Discrepancies exist for most elements, despite claimed experimental accuracies of 1%. This paper summarises the current variation between experimental and theoretical results, and outlines key issues for obtaining experimental accuracies of 1% in critical wavelength ranges for selected elements to address these issues. This paper critically surveys available experimental data for attenuation coefficients and suggests a procedure for obtaining significantly higher accuracy measurements in the future.     

例析如何在物理探究实验中培养学生的科学探究能力

以两个探究实验"对‘不透明物体只反射与它颜色相同的光’的质疑"和"在‘验证最大静摩擦力大于滑动摩擦力实验’中,如何选取连接材料"为案例,学生利用已掌握的知识和技能探究得出科学合理的实验结论.让学生在探究实验中体验科学探究能力培养的具体步骤,即提出明确的科学问题、获取实验数据、得出合理的科学结论、评估其科学意义和与他人进行学术交流.从而更好地为初高中物理实验教学培养学生科学素养提供可行性方案.     

光盘高频信号的物理实验设计与测量

应用电子技术理论,利用旧光驱和模拟示波器,演示了光盘高频信号形成的“眼图”,并测得了高频信号的最高电平(Itop),归一化I11值,归一化I3值,分辨率(RES)、对称性(SYM)等参数.此演示实验装置简单易于操作,体现了日常生活中的高新技术与大学物理的联系,可用于大学物理光学部分的演示实验教学和特性分析.     

波兰尼认知理论与大学基础实验教学新模式研究

从默会知识在人类知识的重要地位阐明基础实验教学在获得默会知识中的重要性和不可替代性,总结和反思基础实验物理新概念教程在使同学获得宝贵的默会知识中的新尝试和经验.     

Terahertz near-field imaging using subwavelength plasmonic apertures and a quantum cascade laser source

The first demonstration, to our knowledge, of near-field imaging using subwavelength plasmonic apertures with a terahertz quantum cascade laser source is presented. "Bull's-eye" apertures, featuring subwavelength circular apertures flanked by periodic annular corrugations were created using a novel fabrication method. A fivefold increase in intensity was observed for plasmonic apertures over plain apertures of the same diameter. Detailed studies of the transmitted beam profiles were undertaken for apertures with both planarized and corrugated exit facets, with the former producing spatially uniform intensity profiles and subwavelength spatial resolution. Finally, a proof-of-concept imaging experiment is presented, where an inhomogeneous pharmaceutical drug coating is investigated.     

Identification and discrimination of bilingual talkers across languages

This study investigated the extent to which language familiarity affects the perception of the indexical properties of speech by testing listeners' identification and discrimination of bilingual talkers across two different languages. In one experiment, listeners were trained to identify bilingual talkers speaking in only one language and were then tested on their ability to identify the same talkers speaking in another language. In the second experiment, listeners discriminated between bilingual talkers across languages in an AX discrimination paradigm. The results of these experiments indicate that there is sufficient language-independent indexical information in speech for listeners to generalize knowledge of talkers' voices across languages and to successfully discriminate between bilingual talkers regardless of the language they are speaking. However, the results of these studies also revealed that listeners do not solely rely on language-independent information when performing these tasks. Listeners use language-dependent indexical cues to identify talkers who are speaking a familiar language. Moreover, the tendency to perceive two talkers as the "same" or "different" depends on whether the talkers are speaking in the same language. The combined results of these experiments thus suggest that indexical processing relies on both language-dependent and language-independent information in the speech signal.     

Cluster Analysis of Gene Expression Data

The expression levels of many thousands of genes can be measured simultaneously by DNA microarrays (chips). This novel experimental tool has revolutionized research in molecular biology and generated considerable excitement. A typical experiment uses a few tens of such chips, each dedicated to a single sample—such as tissue extracted from a particular tumor. The results of such an experiment contain several hundred thousand numbers, that come in the form of a table, of several thousand rows (one for each gene) and 50–100 columns (one for each sample). We developed a clustering methodology to mine such data. In this review I provide a very basic introduction to the subject, aimed at a physics audience with no prior knowledge of either gene expression or clustering methods. I explain what genes are, what is gene expression and how it is measured by DNA chips. Next I explain what is meant by clustering and how we analyze the massive amounts of data from such experiments, and present results obtained from analysis of data from colon cancer, brain tumors and breast cancer.     

A study of vibration characteristics on a luxury wheelchair and a new prototype wheelchair

The transmission of wheelchair vibrations to the body will influence comfort, performance and the long-term health of the user. Improved knowledge of vibration transmissibility and its variability enhances our understanding of various human responses to vibration. In this study, an outdoor experiment and an experiment with vibration simulation using two wheelchairs (high-quality models of a new prototype wheelchair taken from two different stages of the iterative production procedure) were performed. The study confirms that the human body is very sensitive to the frequency range of 0.5-, as found in the literature. Both wheelchairs equipped with passive suspension system did not perform adequately in this frequency range and even amplified the input signal at the resonance frequency (3-). As the risk of physical damage is not likely to improve with these wheelchair suspension systems, the future depends on new designs with higher low-frequency comfort and affordable additional costs.     

大学物理实验教学应突出原理性

大学物理实验是理工科大学教学当中最基本、最重要的教学环节,为了巩固基本理论知识,促进理论教学,培养理论联系实际的能力而开设的。在大学物理实验教学中,不是简单的技能培训。因而实验教学要将实验原理和实验操作并重,实验设计应以原理透明化,突出加强。在真正懂得原理的前提下才能达到锻炼操作能力和理解理论知识的目的,并为创新型人才培养真正起到奠定基础的作用。     

Results from solar, atmospheric and K2K experiments and future possibilities with T2K

Recent results from solar, reactor, atmospheric and long baseline (K2K) experiments are discussed. With the improved data statistics and analyses, our knowledge on the neutrino masses and mixing angles are steadily improving. T2K is the next generation neutrino oscillation experiment between J-PARC in Tokai and Super-Kamiokande. This experiment will start in 2009. This experiment is expected to improve the current knowledge on the neutrino masses and mixings substantially.