CHARACTERIZATION AND LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF THE DYE-DOPED POLYMER LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS*

1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB) was successfully introduced into the polymer multilayerfilms by means of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Results of UV-VIS spectra and X-ray diffractionshowed that the uniform films had a layer structure similar to the superlattice of organic multiple quantumwells. The electroluminescence (EL) devices fabricated from the doped polymer LB films emitted blue light.Compared with the casting films, the photoluminescence (PL) and EL spectra showed that the exciton energyshifts to higher and the half-width of the emission peak becomes narrower due to exciton confinement effect.     

Luminescence of monolayer thin films of the fully conjugated rigid‐rod polymer poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole)

Poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBT) is a heterocyclic, aromatic rigid‐rod polymer with a fully conjugated backbone and excellent dimensional, thermo‐oxidative, and solvent stabilities. A PBT polymer with an intrinsic viscosity of 18.0 dL/g was dissolved in methanesulfonic acid or Lewis acid. The PBT solution was spin‐coated and doctor‐bladed for freestanding films or onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The acid was removed via coagulation. Scanning electron microscopy determined that the resultant film thicknesses were about 340 and 60 nm for PBT freestanding films and films on the ITO substrate, respectively. X‐ray scattering demonstrated that the freestanding films were in‐plane isotropic without long‐range order. The freestanding films were excited with a He‐Cd laser at 325 nm for photoluminescence (PL) response. PL spectra showed a distinct intensity maximum at 580 nm, regardless of the film‐forming conditions. After the films cooled to 67 K, the PL maximum shifted to 566 nm with enhanced intensity. Aluminum was evaporated onto the monolayer PBT thin film on the ITO substrate as an electron injector for electroluminescence (EL) response. Diodic electric behavior was observed for all monolayer PBT EL devices for the first time. A threshold voltage as low as 4 V was achieved for the monolayer EL devices. In addition, PBT EL spectra were tunable, with a maximum intensity at 570 nm at a bias voltage of 4.5 V changing to 496 nm at 7.5 V (i.e., a blueshift) with greatly increased intensity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1760–1767, 2002     

新型基于3,6-咔唑与噻吩衍生物的红光聚合物的合成与性能研究

用Suzuki偶合反应制备了一系列N-(2-乙基己基)-3,6-咔唑(Cz)与4,7-二(4-己基噻吩)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(DHTBT)的共聚物, 研究该类聚合物的电化学、光学和电致发光性能. 在薄膜状态下, 即使DHTBT含量为1%的聚合物也发生了从Cz链段到DHTBT单元的有效的能量转移. 光致发光光谱随着DHTBT含量的增加, 从645 nm红移至690 nm. PCzDHTBT1获得了71%的薄膜光致发光效率. 以该类聚合物为发光层的器件的EL光谱也随着DHTBT含量的增加从635 nm红移至680 nm. 由PCzDHTBT15制作的结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ba/Al的器件得到了0.61%的外量子效率.     

Morphological effect on spectral property of poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,5-dihexyloxybenzene) films

In this study the optical property and film morphology of a conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,5-dihexyloxybenzene) (PF6OC6), are investigated. It is found that the intensity of the 0-1 emission relative to the 0-0 emission in the PL spectra and the full width at the half-maximum (fwhm) of PL spectra of the PF6OC6 films decrease firstly and then increase with increasing the annealing temperature. The polymer films also exhibit different morphological features after annealing at different temperatures. The optical and morphological results suggest that the vibronic structure of PF6OC6 is closely related to the film morphology, and its formation is enhanced in the amorphous (or less ordered) films and inhibited in the ordered films.     

LB技术组装聚合物／有机染料多层膜的光致发光和电致发光

半导体超晶格材料由于其特殊的光电性质引起人们的关注,So和Tokito等人用分子束沉积的方式制备了有机及有机无机复合的超晶格材料器件,但分子沉积中有机小分子染料的结晶影响薄膜的质量及器件的寿命。最近,我们用两亲性聚合物分子成功地将有机染料分子组装在聚合物LB膜中,有效地限制有机小分子染料结晶,实验证明此多层LB膜具有超晶格结构和较好的稳定性及发光特性。为制备多量子阱结构器件提供了一种新方法。 两亲性聚合物(ES)是由环氧氯丙烷、乙二胺和硬脂酸共聚而成。将染料分子四苯基丁二烯(TPB)与ES相混合的氯仿溶液(TPB与ES质量比为2:10)分散在去离子水亚相表面,在20mN/m的膜压下将其转移到单晶硅片上。用小角X射线衍射实验观察其多层结构,在小角衍射区存在一个Bragg衍射峰(图1),根据Bragg衍射方程得到其层状周期结构为5.8nm。考虑到ES的分子尺寸,我们认为每一周期结构是由两层聚合物的LB膜组成。由于TPB分子是疏水的,通过分子间的相互作用,TPB分子可能镶嵌或吸附在ES的疏水脂肪链中,与无机半导体超晶格结构对照,聚合物ES的亲水网络由于是绝缘材料,带隙很宽相当于能垒,而镶嵌有TPB的疏水层则相当于势阱,这就很可能形成聚合物/有机染料的超晶格结构。考察其发光特性(图2)时,发现聚合物/有机染     

Carbazolevinylene‐based polymers and model compounds with oxadiazole and triphenylamine segments: Synthesis,photophysics, and electroluminescence

Two new soluble alternating carbazolevinylene‐based polymers POXD and PTPA as well as the corresponding model compounds MOXD and MTPA were synthesized by Heck coupling. POXD and MOXD contained 2,5‐diphenyloxadiazole segments, while PTPA and MTPA contained triphenylamine segments. All samples displayed high thermal stability. The polymers had higher glass transition temperature (T_g) than their corresponding model compounds. The samples showed absorption maximum at 364–403 nm with optical band gap of 2.62–2.82 eV. They emitted blue‐green light with photoluminescence (PL) emission maximum at 450–501 nm and PL quantum yields in THF solution of 0.15–0.36. The absorption and the PL emission maxima of PTPA and MTPA were blue‐shifted as compared to those of POXD and MOXD . The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of multilayered devices made using four materials exhibited bluish green emissions, which is well consistent with PL spectra. The EL devices made using poly(vinyl carbazole) doped with MOXD and MTPA as emitting materials showed luminances of 12.1 and 4.8 cd m^?2. POXD and PTPA exhibited 25.4, and 96.3 cd m^?2, respectively. The polymer containing the corresponding molecules in the repeating group showed much higher device performances. Additionally, POXD and MOXD exhibited better stability of external quantum efficiency (EQE) and luminous efficiency with current density resulting from enhancing the electron transporting properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5592–5603, 2008     

Novel electroluminescent cationic polyelectrolyte based on poly[(fluorene‐2,7‐diylvinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylenevinylene)] and its precursor

A novel conjugated poly[(fluorene‐2,7‐vinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylenevinylene)] derivative 2 with quaternizable tertiary amino groups was synthesized by Heck coupling of a substituted 2,7‐dibromofluorene and 1,4‐dialkoxy‐2,5‐divinylbenzene. The corresponding quaternary ammonium cationic polyelectrolyte 3 was obtained by the treatment of 2 with bromoethane. Both polymers were soluble in common organic solvents, like tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and dichloromethane. Polymer 3 showed a limited solubility in alcohols and was insoluble in water. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of the resulting polymers were fully investigated. An intensive green photoluminescence (PL) with maxima at 550 and 545 nm was observed from thin films of 2 and 3 polymers, respectively, red‐shifted compared with the PL emission spectra measured in the solution. The electrochemical band gaps were 2.38–2.45 eV. Single‐layer and double‐layer (with poly[3,4‐(ethylenedioxy)thiophene]/poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)) light‐emitting devices (LEDs) with ITO and Al electrodes were prepared and studied. They emitted a green light and their electroluminescence (EL) spectra were similar to those of PL thin films. The external EL efficiency was determined to be 0.43 and 0.32% for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ 2 /Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ 3 /Al LEDs, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1016–1027, 2007     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of light‐emitting copolyfluorenes slightly doped with distyrylbenzene derivatives

Copolyfluorenes PFG1～PFG4 slightly doped with 0.006–0.5 mol % of 2,5‐dihexyloxy‐1,4‐bis(2‐phenyl‐2‐cyanovinyl)benzene (green chromophore) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction to be evaluated as hosts for white‐light electroluminescent (EL) devices. Their optical, thermal and electrochemical properties were almost identical to those of polyfluorene ( PF ) due to minimal chromophore content. However, the electroluminescent (EL) spectra of the PFGn were very different from photoluminescence spectra in film state. Relative intensity of green emission (ca. 521 nm) in EL spectra are much stronger than those in PL spectra, which can be attributed to charges trapping in the chromophores due to its narrow band gap (E_g ≈ 2.56 eV). The performance of EL devices [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca (50 nm)/Al (100 nm)] were improved with an increase in chromophore content. The PFG4 device revealed the best performance (6790 cd/m², 1.69 cd/A), and the PFG1 and PFG2 devices exhibited comparable intensity in blue and green emissions. Blend EL devices were fabricated by using the PFGn as the hosts and a red iridium complex [Ir(piq)₂(acac)] as dopant. By controlling the amount of the iridium complex, the white‐light emitting device was achieved with PFG2 , with maximum brightness and CIE coordinate being 4120 cd/m² and (0.31, 0.28), respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 149–160, 2009     

Anisotropic optical properties in electroluminescent conjugated polymers based on grazing angle photoluminescence measurements

Grazing angle photoluminescence (GPL) originates from a waveguided light emitted at grazing angle to the substrate due to the total internal reflections, and the light emission is polarized with enhanced intensity at selective mode wavelength. GPL measurements reveal the optical anisotropy of luminescent conjugated polymers, in particular, the alignment of emitting dipoles from which emission occurs, in contrast to spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements that give the anisotropy in the absorption. Based on the GPL emission intensities and spectra, we investigate the anisotropic optical properties in electroluminescent poly(9,9'-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) conjugated polymer thin films of different molecular weights (M(n) = 9-255 kg/mol), both in the pristine and annealed states. The optical anisotropy in F8BT films generally increases with molecular weight, suggesting that higher molecular weight polymers with longer chains are more likely to lie in-plane to the substrate. Upon annealing, high molecular weight F8BT films show even a higher degree of anisotropy, in contrast to low molecular weight F8BT films that become more isotropic. Annealing causes the polymer chains to rearrange and adopt a configuration in which the interchain exciton migration to better ordered low energy (LE) emissive states is strongly suppressed. We observe that the emissive states in F8BT are strongly affected by the local polymer chain arrangement, producing the less ordered high energy (HE) emissive states near the substrate interface where there is a higher degree of chain disorder and the LE states in the bulk of the film. When spin coated onto a quartz substrate precoated with a poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) layer, films of F8BT show severe luminescence quenching near the PEDOT:PSS interface for both the LE and HE emissive states, but a selective quenching of the LE states in the bulk of the film. These observations have important implications for fabricating efficient electronic devices using conjugated polymers as an active material, since the performance of these devices will strongly depend on anisotropic optical properties of electroluminescent conjugated polymers.     

Synthesis and characterization of light‐emitting oligo(p‐phenylene‐vinylene)s and polymeric derivatives containing three‐ and five‐conjugated phenylene rings

Several series of light‐emitting oligo(p‐phenylene‐vinylene)s (BIII and BV series containing three‐ and five‐conjugated phenylene rings) with various side groups and end groups attached to the cores were synthesized and characterized. The analogous PBV polymers, derived from the BV series, were also synthesized and investigated. Blue and greenish light emissions were observed in the photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the blend and pure films with these π‐conjugated structures. In contrast to the three‐conjugated ring oligomers, the five‐conjugated ring derivatives (oligomers and polymers) had larger maximum emission wavelength values of PL and EL emissions. Mesomorphism was introduced into the BV series by the replacement of three‐conjugated rings (BIII series) with five‐conjugated phenyl cores (BV series). The liquid‐crystalline properties of the BV series with end groups (on both end rings) were better than those of analogous BV‐OC₈ without end groups. Polarized PL emissions were obtained by the alignment of liquid‐crystalline phase in rubbing cells. Upon heating, different PL emission wavelengths and intensities were observed in various phases. Not only the solubility and thermal properties but also the PL and EL properties could be effectively adjusted by the attachment of flexible alkoxy groups either on the central rings or on both end rings of the conjugated cores. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 783–800, 2006     

Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole–alkylthiophene–benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐based highly stable and low band gap polymers for polymer light‐emitting diodes

A series of new low band gap π‐conjugated polymers containing N‐alkyldithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, and alkylthiophenes are reported. The polymerization condition was standardized and the use of CuO to obtain high‐molecular‐weight polymer was also realized. The molecular weight of the polymers was found to be in the range of 45,000–53,000. All the polymers were found to be soluble in most of the common organic solvents, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, THF, and chlorobenzene with excellent film forming properties. The λ_max of the polymers was found to be in the range of 687–663 nm with band gap in the range of 1.35–1.43 eV. The oxidation potential of the polymers from cyclic voltammetry was determined to be 0.5–0.75 V. The HOMO levels of the above synthesized polymers were found to be between 5.24 and 5.54 eV. All the polymers exhibited a PL emission in between 755 and 773 nm. The polymers were found to be thermally stable above 277 °C with only a 5% weight loss. From the thermal stability values, it is expected that the current set of polymers are stable enough for the application in electronic devices. To realize the potential use of the polymers, EL devices were fabricated and found to show red emission with comparatively low threshold voltage. A brightness of 54 cd m⁻² for the device with polymer PC could be reached. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6514–6525, 2009     

蓝色磷光材料FIrpic的发光特性

研究了掺杂浓度及热退火对磷光材料双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶-N,C2?)吡啶甲酰合铱(FIrpic)发光性能的影响.不同掺杂浓度的薄膜及有机电致发光器件(OELDs)的发光颜色都随FIrpic浓度的增大由蓝色逐渐变化到黄绿色.纯FIrpic薄膜的吸收光谱和光致发光(PL)光谱在440-480nm范围内有明显的光谱重叠,476nm处的发光强度随FIrpic掺杂浓度增大而降低主要是由自吸收效应引起的.测量了不同激发密度下的光致发光光谱和不同掺杂浓度下的电致发光(EL)光谱,发现530nm处的发光强度随激发强度或掺杂浓度的增大而增强,证实了530nm处的发光是来源于FIrpic分子间的激基缔合物发光.通过比较热退火前后薄膜微观形貌及电致发光器件光谱的变化,进一步证实了热退火促进FIrpic分子聚集,增强了FIrpic分子间的辐射跃迁发光.通过调控FIrpic掺杂浓度和优化器件结构,并对器件进行热退火处理得到一系列发光颜色从蓝色逐渐变化到黄绿色的有机电致发光器件.     

含联芴烯单元共轭聚合物的合成及表征

以六羰基钨[W(CO)₆]为催化剂, 合成了聚吲哚芴(P1)、 聚梯型四苯(P2)、 聚梯型五苯(P3)和小分子9-联吲哚芴烯(S1).该类聚合物的重复单元含有联芴烯结构, 通过芴9位的双键连接. 光学和电化学等实验结果表明, 聚合物无荧光发射, 是一类窄带隙的共轭聚合物, 其中聚合物P1薄膜的紫外吸收值最大波长为710 nm.     

Photophysics,electrochemical properties,and electroluminescence of poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives with 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene or 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridine segments along the backbone

The steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical behavior, and electroluminescence (EL) of didodecyloxy poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)‐based polymers that contained along the backbone structure 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene (PC) or 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridine (PN) were studied. An intensive green PL broad‐band emission with maxima at 516 and 527 nm was observed from thin films of PC and PN polymers, respectively, redshifted in comparison with the PL emission spectra measured in tetrahydrofuran solutions. The PL decay dynamics revealed the existence of more than one excited species, and the decay curves were best described by three‐term exponential functions with a dominant lifetime of about 1 ns. The results of time‐resolved PL and steady‐state PL studies indicated excimer or aggregate formation. Both polymers oxidized irreversibly. A quasireversible reduction was observed in the PN polymer, whereas the PC polymer reduced irreversibly. For PC, slightly higher values of the ionization potential (E_IP) and electron affinity (E_A) were found (E_IP = 5.52 eV, E_A = 2.85 eV) than those for PN (E_IP = 5.37 eV, E_A = 2.77 eV). Light‐emitting devices with indium tin oxide hole‐injecting and aluminum electron‐injecting electrodes were prepared and studied. They emitted green light, and their EL spectra were similar to those of PL thin films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 524–533, 2006     

An organic electroluminescent device with a molecularly doped polymer hole transport layer

Electroluminescent(EL) devices have been fabricated using four different polymers with different glass transition temperatures (T_g) dispersed with N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) as a hole transport layer and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) as an emitting layer. It was found that the higher the T_g of the polymer, the longer the lifetime of the device. From observations of TPD-doped polymer films with optical microscope and atomic force microscope, dispersing TPD in the polymers was found to suppress the crystallization that causes the roughness of the film surface. It was also observed that the higher the T_g of the host polymers, the more difficult TPD crystallization was. The property of the EL device with polyethersulfone (PES) dispersed with TPD was also investigated. The lifetime of EL device with the TPD doped PES film was improved more than five times at a current density below 10 mA/cm² compared with the device with a conventional TPD hole transport layer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of film thickness controlled by ink‐jet printing method on the optical properties of an electroluminescent polymer

Ink‐jet printing (IJP) represents a highly promising liquid processed polymer deposition method for the film preparation of functional polymers in photo‐electronic devices. In this report, the results on the IJP of a fluorene‐based electroluminescent polymer, poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐alt‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene) (PF6OC8), from a piezoelectric droplet generator are presented. The polymer film thickness has been found to show an approximate linear relation with the number of droplets per unit area; it is thus convenient to control the film thickness by the space of printed dots in IJP process. In comparison, spin coating approach is also used to prepare polymer films with different thicknesses by varying solution concentration and spinning speed. However, it is found that spin coating is difficult to control the film thickness quantitatively. The influence of film thickness on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of PF6OC8 films prepared by IJP and spin coating is comparatively investigated. For both ink‐jet printed and spin coated films, the intensity of PL spectra first increases and then decreases with increase in the film thickness, probably due to the exciton quenching in thicker films. When the polymer film thickness is at nanoscale, the major peak in the PL spectrum is the 0–0 vibronic emission at about 420 nm, and with increase in the film thickness, the 0–1 vibronic peak at about 440 nm becomes dominant. The red‐shifted PL spectra with increase in film thickness show the change from the 2D exciton state to the 3D one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An X‐shaped π‐conjugated polymer comprising of fluorene units and anthracene units with high efficiency. Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties

A new X‐shaped π‐conjugated monomer comprising of fluorene units and anthracene units was synthesized, and it was used to fabricate the new X‐shaped π‐conjugated polymers and investigate the properties of the new polymers. Using different molar ratios between such monomer and a fluorene monomer gave three polymers that showed higher absolute PL quantum yields than the linear polyfluorene (PF) in the solid state. After thermal annealing at 200 °C for 4 h, the linear PF showed an additional bathochromic emission at about 550 nm, whereas such red‐shifted emission was fully eliminated for the X‐shaped polymers. The electroluminescent devices based on the X‐shaped polymers with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/LiF/Ca/Al displayed blue emission with low turn‐on voltage and high brightness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5616–5625, 2008     

Phenothiazine‐S,S‐dioxide‐ and fluorene‐based light‐emitting polymers: Introduction of e−‐deficient S,S‐dioxide into e−‐rich phenothiazine

A novel series of poly(10‐hexyl‐phenothiazine‐S,S‐dioxide‐3,7‐diyl) and poly(9,9′‐dioctyl‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐alt‐10‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazine‐S,S‐dioxide) (PFPTZ‐SS) compounds were synthesized through Ni(0)‐mediated Yamamoto polymerization and Pd(II)‐catalyzed Suzuki polymerization. The synthesized polymers were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and showed higher glass transition temperatures than that of pristine polyfluorene. In terms of photoluminescence (PL), the PFPTZ‐SS compounds were highly fluorescent with bright blue emissions in the solid state. Light‐emitting devices were fabricated with these polymers in an indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/polymer/Ca/Al configuration. The electroluminescence (EL) of the copolymers differed from the PL characteristics: the EL device exhibited a redshifted greenish‐blue emission in contrast to the blue emission observed in the PL. Additionally, this unique phenothiazine‐S,S‐dioxide property, triggered by the introduction of an electron‐deficient SO₂ unit into the electron‐rich phenothiazine, gave rise to improvements in the brightness, maximum luminescence intensity, and quantum efficiency of the EL devices fabricated with PFPTZ‐SS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1236–1246, 2007     

CdSe纳米晶/共轭聚合物太阳电池的制备与性能研究

采用有机金属液相法制备了平均粒径为5 nm的CdSe纳米微球(ns-CdSe), 并将其与共轭聚合物(MEH-PPV或P3HT)共混制备了太阳电池器件. 透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)及荧光光谱(PL)研究结果表明, CdSe纳米晶呈均匀的球状颗粒, 在近红外区具有良好的吸收和荧光性能; 加入CdSe纳米晶能够有效地淬灭共轭聚合物的荧光. 在AM1.5模拟太阳光(光强为100 mW/cm2)照射下, ns-CdSe/MEH-PPV共混体系太阳电池器件性能测试结果为: 短路电流ISC为1.56 mA/cm2, 开路电压VOC为0.75 V, 填充因子FF为34.5％, 光电转换效率η为0.40%; 对于ns-CdSe/P3HT共混体系, 其ISC为1.93 mA/cm2, VOC为0.65 V, FF为38.4%, η为0.48%.     

Role of Plasma Parameters on the Conjugated Structure Retention in Polyaniline Thin Film

The role of plasma parameters on the film characteristics is investigated on polyaniline thin film deposited by radio frequency (RF) plasma polymerization. A series of un-doped and iodine doped polyaniline thin films are prepared by RF discharge operating at 13.56?MHz with different discharge powers and pressure variation from 0.1 to 0.05?mbar and variation in deposition time from 20 to 40?min. A good thin film is found with a power ranging from 9?W (?28?V self bias) to 20?W (?65?V self bias) at 0.1?mbar pressure which is confirmed by fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy showing the retention of aromatic rings. In addition, iodine doping is carried out with 9?W power and 0.1?mbar pressure. The characterization of process plasma is done using Langmuir probe diagnostics and optical emission spectroscopy. A correlation has been established between film characteristics and plasma properties investigated using optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe analysis. Emphasis has been given on the study of the influence of plasma parameters, particularly of the electron energy distribution function on the quality of conjugated plasma polymerized aniline film.