CONVERSION OF METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE TO AROMATICS OVER CHROMIUM-BASED CATALYSTS:SELECTIVITY AND YIELD OF MAIN PRODUCTS

在８４０℃，０．５ＭＰａ，ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２摩尔比为１．４，接触时间（Ｗ／Ｆ）为０．７９ｈ·ｇ·Ｌ－ｌ的条件下，甲烷和二氧化碳在７．５ｗｔ％Ｃｒ／５．０ｗｔ％Ｎａ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上共活化得到了４．８％的Ｃ２选择性，４８．７％的芳烃选择性及１．９％的芳烃收率。在钠修饰的铬基催化剂上，成功地一步实现了ＣＨ４和ＣＯ２转化为乙烯及中间物乙烯聚合为芳烃的过程     

丙烷在负载型V2O5/Zr3(PO4)4催化剂上的氧化脱氢

制备了无定型的磷酸锆Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体,采用浸渍法在载体上负载０６％～６０％的Ｖ２Ｏ５．所制备的催化剂在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中具有较好的催化性能,如３０％Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４催化剂在丙烷转化率为１７０％时,丙烯选择性可达５３８％,丙烯收率达９１％．考察了不同反应条件下催化剂的性能．ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱表明,Ｖ２Ｏ５在Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体上主要是以高度分散的钒氧物种存在;ＥＳＲ分析结果证明催化剂中存在Ｖ４＋物种,表明Ｖ５＋／Ｖ４＋参与了氧化还原反应．     

溴醇法合成环氧苯乙烷的研究

研究了溴醇法合成环氧苯乙烷原料配比和添加催化剂对收率的影响,当ＮａＢｒ的添加量为化学反应计量时,在添加催化剂的最佳反应条件下,收率可达８０．６（含量９７．５％）,将ＮａＢｒ溶液回收套用３次,当苯乙烯加料量为１ｍｏｌ时,获得环氧苯乙烷平均收率为７２．５％（含量９２．７％）,ＮａＢｒ平均消耗量为０．４６ｍｏｌ。     

邻硝基苯甲醛的间接电解合成研究

对硫酸钴（Ⅱ）电化学制备以及用其作氧化媒质合成邻硝基苯甲醛进行了研究，结果表明，在１１℃以银离子作催化剂，用Ｐｂｏ２／Ｐｂ作阳极，在含０．４５ＭＣｏＣＯ４的５．３Ｍ硫酸溶液中进行电解反应时，可获得较高的电流效率，在温度１２℃９．２Ｍ硫酸溶液中，使用过量７０倍的邻硝基甲苯进行化学合成时，邻硝基苯甲醛的收率在７４．５％。     

Fe—Cu—K催化剂上费托合成反应的研究

通过一系列实验,研究了固定床中工业ＦｅＣｕＫ催化剂上费托合成反应的规律。结果表明,反应温度、压力、原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ等操作条件影响费托反应转化率、产物分布和产物的收率。随着操作温度（５０３～５４３Ｋ）的升高,ＸＣＯ＋Ｈ２、Ｃ１＋、Ｃ５＋均有明显的增加,碳氢化合物向轻组分方向偏移,产物中烯／烷比呈有规律的变化;随着压力的升高（１．０～３．０ＭＰａ）,ＸＣＯ＋Ｈ２、Ｃ１＋、Ｃ２＋、Ｃ５增大,轻油（Ｃ２～Ｃ４）的组分含量也有增加趋势,但压力对烯烃、烷烃的选择性影响不同,压力增大产物中烯／烷比下降,有利于烷烃的生成;原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ比亦较大程度地改变了ＦｅＣｕＫ催化剂上的产物分布和收率,原料气Ｈ２／ＣＯ比（１．０２～２．８３）升高可增大ＸＣＯ,产物中低碳烃含量上升,但Ｃ１＋和Ｃ５＋收率减少。本文还对铁基费托合成催化剂上伴随的水煤气变换反应的变化规律进行了探讨。     

蔗糖酯合成新方法的研究

本法以苛性钾与脂肪酸甲（乙）酯首先反应生成的部分中性皂作为乳化分散剂，使蔗糖和脂肪酸甲（乙）酯在熔融状态下直接发生酯交换反应合成蔗糖酯．适宜的反应条件为：蔗糖／硬脂酸甲酯／苛性钾／催化剂的摩尔比１：（１～２）：（０．４～０．６）：０．００３６；１３５～１４０℃、２６６６～６６６５Ｐａ负压下反应３～３．５ｈ。所得粗产物含蔗糖酯５５％，其中单酯６２％。     

（＋）—1S,2R,5S—8—β—萘基薄荷醇的合成

以Ｒ－（＋）－Ｐｕｌｅｇｏｎｅ为起始原始经１，４－加成、溴代、水解、氧化等９步反应合成了手性辅助试剂（＋）－１Ｓ，２Ｒ，５Ｓ－８－β－萘基薄荷醇及其关向异构体（－）－１Ｒ，２Ｒ，５Ｓ－８－β萘基新薄荷醇，总收率分别为２４．０％和２２．６％。     

从α－蒎烯一锅合成萜类四氢呋喃衍生物

从α－蒎烯出发，通过臭氧化，硼氢化钠还原随后用硫酸处理的一锅法，合成了一个新的类四氢呋喃衍生物──２，２－二甲基－３－（反－２－丁烯基）－四氢呋喃３，总收率５５．６％。将α－蒎烯（７ｇ，５１ｍｍｏｌ）的１５０ｍＬ异丙醇溶液冷至－２℃，鼓泡通入含５～６％臭氧的氧气至过量的臭氧从溶液中逸出时止，再通Ｎ２１０ｍｉｎ。于０℃将上述溶液滴加至１００ｍＬ含硼氢化钠（２．５４ｇ，６５ｍｍｏｌ）和氢氧化钠（０．２ｇ，５ｍｍｏｌ）的水溶液中，室温下反应６ｈ。减压蒸去１００ｍＬ溶剂，将残留物２和６０％Ｈ２ＳＯ４（４０ｍＬ）在８０～９０℃剧烈搅拌４ｈ，冷却后，混合物用Ｎａ２ＣＯ３中和，产物用乙醚萃取（３×５０ｍＬ）。合并醚层，水洗，无水Ｎａ２ＳＯ４干燥，蒸除溶剂后，收集５８．５～６１．５℃／４００Ｐａ的馏分进行硅胶柱层析（洗脱剂：１％乙酸乙醋／石油醚），得４．４ｇ产物３，总收率达５５．６％。     

微波条件下V2O5/TiO2低温选择氧化甲苯制苯甲酸

在微波辐射条件下，考察了甲苯选择氧化过程中催化剂床层温度、Ｏ２／甲苯比、原料气总空速、Ｖ２Ｏ５担载量和添加氧化物助剂等条件对Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２催化剂活性的影响．结果表明，在微波作用下，当床层温度在２５０℃，Ｏ２／甲苯摩尔比６和原料气总空速１００００ｈ－１时，１％ＭｏＯ３－８％Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２上的苯甲酸和苯甲醛的收率分别达到４１％和１４％．与传统加热的催化过程相比，苯甲酸和含氧化物的收率均有较大的提高．还初步探讨了微波对催化剂活性的影响．     

α－蒎烯选择性二聚合及低聚反应研究 Ⅰ．不同催化剂体系的聚合行为和产物构成

从聚合动力学、异构化和产物构成等方面检讨了质子酸、Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸和质子酸／Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸复合酸三类、多种催化剂和各种反应条件对。α－蒎烯的二聚合及低聚反应的影响．结果表明，活性种为质子Ｈ＋的这三类催化剂主要生成二、三、四聚体产物．发现质子酸与Ｌｅｉｗｓ酸组成的复合催化剂比它们单独时聚会活性大幅度提高，异构化作用显著减少，可以高选择性地合成二聚体．如复合催化剂ＡｌＣｌ３／ＣＦ３ＣＯＯＨ异构化率仅０．５％；聚合收率和二聚体含量分别达到９９．５％和８３．４％．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.