聚乙烯醇与溶菌酶的相互作用及其对溶菌酶构象的影响

在生理条件下, 使用凝胶过滤色谱、荧光光谱法、差示扫描量热分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)研究了溶菌酶与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的相互作用. 结果表明PVA与溶菌酶结合形成复合物, 在它们的相互作用过程中, 溶菌酶酪氨酸的发射荧光部分被猝灭, 但是, 相互作用并没有改变酪氨酸的微环境; 差示扫描量热分析结果表明, 溶菌酶与PVA之间的相互作用没有破坏溶菌酶的高级结构; 进一步使用红外光谱法结合可增强分辨率的傅里叶去卷积技术和高斯曲线拟合技术共同用于对溶菌酶与PVA复合物冻干粉中溶菌酶酰胺I带的定量分析, 发现冻干粉溶菌酶分子中与分子间相互作用相关的β-折叠组分含量减少了, 但是, 用于衡量冻干状态蛋白质结构完整性的α-螺旋组分含量没有降低. 活性分析结果进一步确认, PVA与溶菌酶的相互作用没有破坏溶菌酶的三级结构.     

聚乙烯醇与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用及对其构象的影响

在生理条件下, 使用凝胶过滤色谱、荧光光谱法、差示扫描量热分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的相互作用. 实验结果表明, PVA与BSA结合形成复合物, 在其相互作用过程中, BSA色氨酸的发射荧光部分被猝灭, 但是, 相互作用并没有明显改变色氨酸的微环境; 差示扫描量热分析结果提示, BSA与PVA之间的相互作用可能破坏了PVA或BSA的分子内作用力; 用红外光谱法结合可增强分辨率的傅里叶去卷积技术和高斯曲线拟合技术共同用于对BSA与PVA复合物冻干粉中BSA酰胺Ⅰ带的定量分析, 发现冻干粉BSA分子中与分子间相互作用相关的β-折叠组分含量明显减少, 但是, 可用于衡量冻干状态蛋白质结构完整性的α-螺旋组分含量没有降低. 对冷冻干燥后样品中的可溶性BSA分析结果提示, PVA可以保护BSA冷冻干燥过程中的稳定性.     

骨螺紫及其铜配合物与人血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

采用荧光光谱法、紫外光谱法和傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了模拟生理条件下人血清白蛋白(HSA)与骨螺紫(Mx)及其铜配合物(Mx-Cu²⁺)的相互作用. 根据荧光猝灭数据, 二元体系与三元体系中的作用机制均为静态猝灭, 在Cu²⁺存在下, HSA与Mx之间的结合常数与结合位点数明显加大, 结合两个体系的紫外吸收光谱可知, 在三元体系中, Cu²⁺与Mx形成配合物后再与HSA发生作用; 根据Förster能量转移理论, 求得Mx及Mx-Cu²⁺与HSA上氨基酸残基间的距离分别为r=2.82 nm和r=2.53 nm, 三元体系能量转移效率E′大于二元体系E, 说明Cu²⁺在结合作用中可能起到了能量转移介质的作用; 对Δλ=60 nm时的同步荧光光谱的分析表明, 在Mx及Mx-Cu²⁺作用下, HSA色氨酸残基的微区构象发生了变化, 色氨酸残基所处环境的极性增加; 运用FTIR技术定量测定了HSA与Mx及Mx-Cu²⁺作用后二级结构的变化, 发现2个体系中HSA二级结构变化情况基本一致, α-螺旋结构明显减少约8%, β-折叠也减少约1%, 而β-转角和无规卷曲分别增加了约6%和4%. 说明对HSA二级结构造成影响的主要因素是Mx, 它与HSA的结合使蛋白质分子中的肽链部分展开, 二级结构从α-螺旋和β-折叠向β-转角和无规卷曲结构转变, 分子结构的松散程度增加.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱及其联用技术在反应研究中的新进展

综述了傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）及其联用技术在界面与电化学反应、生物反应、催化反应和动力学研究中的最新进展，参考文献５７篇。     

红外光谱酰胺Ⅲ带用于蛋白质二级结构的测定研究

用甲醇对BSA和RaseA等蛋白质进行变性处理,结合蛋白质酰胺带的拟合结果对酰胺带各二级结构的谱峰进行了初步指认:1330～1290cm^-1为α-螺旋;1295～1265cm^-1为β-转角;1270～1245cm^-1为无规卷曲;1250～1220cm^-1为β-折叠.依据这些谱峰归属,对一些已知二级结构的蛋白质进行了测定,所得结果与X射线衍射数据以及酰胺带的定量结果基本一致.     

傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法在聚合物研究中应用——Ⅱ.定量测定组合浆料中变性聚乙烯醇

本文叙述了用傅里叶交换红外光声光谱法测定组合浆料中变性聚乙烯醇和淀粉醋酸酯混合比的快速定量分析方法。变性聚乙烯醇和淀粉醋酸酯的红外光声光谱和红外吸收光谱具有相同图谱。观察了干涉仪动镜扫描速度,扫描次数及试样用量对红外光声光谱信号强度的影响。以变性聚乙烯醇的C=O伸缩振动1570cm~(-1)作为定量分析依据。变性聚乙烯醇含量与1600～1516cm~(-1)范围内的积分强度值成线性关系。用红外光声光谱法测定混合试样中变性聚乙烯醇含量与真实值相吻合。     

遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱测定气体污染物在单光程上的浓度分布

采用开路傅里叶变换红外光谱(OP—FTIR),对室内固定点源排放的污染物丙酮进行了实时遥感监测。给出了丙酮在同一条光路上,不同光程长的积分浓度和采用多项式拟合出的积分浓度,并且利用一种一维计算机层析算法(CT)模型,分别用高斯模型和多项式模型,重构出了丙酮在所测光路上的浓度分布曲线。两种方法重构出丙酮在所测光路上,浓度的最大值分别为0．0190mg／L和0．0213mg／L,最大值分别位于坐标3．11m和3．09m处。研究结果表明：两种方法对浓度的分布能够得到较为一致的结果。可见,OP-FTIR与一维CT模型联用,可以给出污染物的单光程浓度分布,该技术应用于工业或环境卫生监测,具有预警作用。     

利用红外光谱研究聚合物玻璃化转变时的构象变化

聚合物玻璃化转变的本质一直是困扰材料科学工作者的一个难题,也吸引了众多学者利用各种测试手段对其进行研究。由于对聚合物的结构较为敏感,傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）被广泛应用于研究聚合物在玻璃化转变期间的构象变化。对此有相当数量的研究报道,本文对这些研究工作进行了介绍。目前用FTIR对玻璃化转变的研究工作大多集中于转变过...     

几种微生物的红外光谱研究

传统的微生物分类及鉴别方法是应用显微镜法、生化法、生理学法及其相结合的方法 .这些方法虽然有效 ,但操作复杂 ,费时费力 ,有时结果的准确度也不十分理想 ,更重要的是这种方法难以实现自动化及计算机化 .傅里叶变换红外光谱 ( FTIR)分辨率高 ,不仅能提供分子基团特征的振动吸收谱带 ,而且能敏锐地探测分子基团及其周围环境的变化 .因此 ,通过测定完整细胞的 FTIR谱可获得细胞的组成及其生物大分子结构的信息 ,用于鉴别细胞种类和细胞的状态 [1～ 4 ] .本文在获得了分辨率高、重现性好的微生物红外谱图的基础上 ,确定了微生物红外谱图…     

红外光谱法研究温度变化对卵粘蛋白构象的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱法和二维相关分析(2D Correlation analysis)技术研究了卵粘蛋白(Ovomucin)的构象转变与温度之间的关系. 结果表明, 当温度为55~65℃时, 卵粘蛋白的红外谱峰的位置和强度发生较大改变. 二维相关分析表明, 在升温过程中, 与肽链相比卵粘蛋白分子中的糖链对温度变化更为敏感, 且优先发生构象改变, 糖链分子的存在利于维持卵粘蛋白构象的热稳定性. 在25~95℃升温过程中, 卵粘蛋白分子二级结构的变化次序依次为α-螺旋、 β-折叠、 β-转角和无规卷曲. 由温度变化引起的卵粘蛋白分子结构动态变化的微观信息, 为揭示变温微扰引起的蛋白构象变化机理提供了初步的理论依据.     

PEG-grafted PVA Membrane and Its Blood Compatibility

Preparation and blood compatibility of different shape polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane were investigated. Firstly, the tabular and tubular[polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) capillary as supporter] PVA membranes were prepared; then, methoxy polyethylene glycol(mPEG) was grafted onto the surface of the PVA membranes. The effects of the shape, structure and properties of the membrane surface on blood compatibility were studied in detail. The experiment results show that mPEG modified PVA membranes, especially mPEG modified tubular membrane, could availably repel the adhesion of the platelets. In addition, the anticoagulant mechanism of mPEG with a steric repulsion effectiveness was confirmed further via different grafting methods.     

Carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Summary The coupling of carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (SFC-FTIR) is a powerful tool for the separation and on-line identification of non-volatile compounds. The IR transparency of carbon dioxide in the Fermi resonance bands region versus its density has been studied. Functional groups with stretching vibrations outside the transparent window of carbon dioxide are examined. SFC-FTIR separations allow Gram-Schmidt reconstruction chromatograms or IR window chemigrams with high quality spectra to be obtained. This SFC-FTIR lightpipe (flow cell, beam condensing optics, narrow band detector) has allowed detection limits of 250ng for benzonitrile and 70ng for methyl benzoate to be reached. The feasibility of very rapid SFC-FTIR separations is shown along with the subsequent peak spectra.     

结晶-非晶共混体系的结晶行为研究——PEO/PMMA与PEO/PVA共混物

用DSC和傅里叶红外(FTIR)光谱表征PEO/PMMA和PEO/PVA共混体系的结晶行为。发现PEO/PVA体系的结晶度与其组成的变化是一致的;而PEO/PMMA体系的结晶度随非晶组分增加而下降的速度,从与组成变化一致到比后者快,但又随时间而改变。对此结晶/非晶共混体系的结晶度随组成和时间而变化的现象,可用体系的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)来解释。     

The effect of TiO2 on the structure and devitrification behavior of potassium titanium germanate glass

The effect of replacing 20 mol% of GeO₂ by TiO₂ on the properties of potassium germanate glass was investigated. The structure and devitrification behaviour of glasses were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that potassium titanium germanate has a higher glass transition temperature and a higher thermal stability vs. crystallization. The presence of two exothermic peaks on the DTA curve of potassium germanate glass indicates the complex crystallization process. The XRD pattern of this glass heated at the temperature of the first crystallization peak indicated that the GeO₂ and K₂Ge₇O₁₅ were formed. Only the K₂TiGe₃O₉ phase was identified, in a case when potassium titanium germanate glass was heated at the temperature of the crystallization peak.     

An in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method for collecting real-time data for the liquid-phase reaction of CO2 and mono-ethanolamine in alcoholic solvent systems

A novel Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method of analysis was developed to study the industrially important reaction of CO₂ with the primary amine, mono-ethanolamine (MEA), in n-propanol as representative alcoholic solvent. A semi-batch reactor with a piston like ‘floating’ head was specifically designed in order to study the reaction in the liquid phase, thereby eliminating the mass transfer limitations of a gas-liquid system. An attenuated total reflectance (ATR) probe was used to monitor the change in reagent and product concentrations in-situ. Successful spectral peak identification and calibrations were performed in order to collect real time, reaction kinetic data. Data analysis confirmed that the zwitterion reaction mechanism most accurately describes the reaction in non-aqueous systems.     

大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的特征光谱检测技术研究

采用紫外-可见分光光度法、傅立叶红外光谱法和恒能量同步荧光分析法进行实验室模拟测试,检测蒽、苯并[a]芘、荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[ghi]苝5种多环芳烃(PAHs),对比分析了各检测技术的灵敏度、精密度、检出限、线性范围、混合组分图谱分离度等指标。结果表明,恒能量同步荧光法的选择性最好,灵敏度(0.046 0~1.360 5Io.ng-1)和精密度(平均空白的RSD为4.1%)均最高,检出限(0.038~0.427μg.L-1)最低,线性范围较宽(0.126~7 157μg.L-1),是3种光谱分析法中最适合无分离在线检测气溶胶中多组分PAHs的方法。将该方法应用于实际大气环境气溶胶样品中各PAHs成分的定性鉴别和定量检测,5种PAHs均被检出,各物质的特征峰分离效果好,峰形明显,能满足实际测量的分析要求。     

A unified approach to the chromatography/FT-IR interface

Most previous interfaces between a Chromatograph and an FT-IR spectrometer have been applicable to only one type of chromatograph-gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid. In this paper, the similarities and differences between various chromatography/FT-IR interfaces are described, and an interface which should be equally applicable to all three types of chromatography is proposed. In each case, the mobile phase is eliminated while the eluting components are condensed in a small area on a moving substrate. The spectra are then measured using an FT-IR microscope. The methods by which the mobile phase is eliminated depend on the nature of the chromatography, while the infrared sampling technique is determined by the nature of the substrate. The relative merits of transmission, reflection-absorption, diffuse reflection, and diffuse transmission spectrometry are discussed.