有序金纳米颗粒阵列的制备及光吸收特性研究

采用纳米球刻蚀技术中漂移法在玻璃基片上制备较大 面积不同直径的聚苯乙烯小球掩模板, 采用磁控溅射技术在掩模板上沉积不同厚度的金薄膜, 去除聚苯乙烯小球后, 通过扫描电子显微镜观察到周期排列的三角状金纳米颗粒点阵. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计测试所制备样品的光吸收特性, 发现表面等离子体共振峰随粒径增大发生红移, 随金纳米颗粒高度增加发生蓝移. 基于Mie理论, 利用Matlab软件编程对不同粒径的金阵列光吸收特性进行理论模拟, 并与实验结果进行对比. 关键词： 纳米球刻蚀 金纳米颗粒阵列 表面等离子体共振     

激光刻蚀法制备Pd纳米颗粒及其光谱特性初探

用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器1 064 nm激发光在二次去离子水中制备了Pd胶体.此体系中Pd颗粒表面不存在杂质离子,为"化学纯净".刻蚀后将Pd胶体沉积在铝基底上形成一层Pd岛膜.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明Pd胶体在200～800 nm测量范围内没有出现特征吸收峰,说明Pd胶体的吸收光谱并不能反映Pd胶体中Pd颗粒的粒径分布等信息.SEM显示Pd岛膜由Pd纳米颗粒组成,其平均粒径在200 nm左右.以101-3mo/·L-1的4-巯基吡啶(4MPY)为探针分子对Pd胶体和Pd岛膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)进行了研究.结果显示,在Pd胶体中没有获得4MPY的SERS信号;Pd岛膜是一种非常高效的活性增强基底,从实验数据估算得出其增强因子约为8.7×104.SERS光谱分析显示4MPY分子通过S原子以倾斜的方式吸附于Pd岛膜表面;与Pd岛膜表面相比,4MPY分子在Ag岛膜上更趋于采用垂直于表面的吸附取向.     

TiO2纳米晶的等离子体改性及光电转换性能的研究

用反应射频溅射法和涂敷法在导电玻璃上制备TiO2薄膜，并用Ar射频等离子体对TiO2薄膜进行处理。按“三明治”结构将TiO2工作电极、Pt／C对电极、0．5MKI 0．05M I2电解液组装成光电池，测量其开路电压和短路电流。结果表明经过Ar射频等离子处理后，溅射法和涂敷法制备的TiO2薄膜组装的光电池的光电流分别提高了约80％和60％。     

激光诱导玻璃内部金纳米颗粒的析出及光谱

使用钛宝石飞秒激光引发和热处理相结合，实现了在含有金离子的硅酸盐玻璃内部，有空间选择性地析出金纳米颗粒。对吸收光谱的研究表明，随着热处理温度的升高，吸收峰强度增大且红移；随着激光功率密度的增大，金纳米颗粒也增大。在特定的激光和热处理条件作用下，可以在玻璃内部有空间选择性的使金离子还原后聚集，形成金纳米颗粒，具有量子尺寸效应。改变激光功率和热处理温度可以控制所析出的金属纳米粒子的尺寸，从而实现多色显示，飞秒激光诱导金纳米颗粒具有稳定性，颜色具有持久性。     

基于石墨烯的Au纳米颗粒增强染料随机激光

石墨烯和纳米颗粒的复合材料具有新颖的光学和电学特性,被广泛应用于信息传感、光电转换、医学诊断等领域,具有十分广阔的发展前景.虽然石墨烯拥有优异的光电性能,可以实现对随机激光性质的调控,但目前实现特殊结构的石墨烯与金属纳米结构的复合过程复杂繁琐,利用石墨烯有效降低随机激光阈值仍存在挑战.本文利用便捷的化学还原及吸附法制备Au/石墨烯结构,以染料DCJTB为增益介质,使用旋涂法制备了均匀的薄膜样品;研究对比Au纳米颗粒和Au/石墨烯结构随机激光特性,分析了石墨烯的作用机理.研究结果表明,Au/石墨烯复合材料透射峰与增益介质的光致发光光谱峰最为接近,对于染料分子的能级迁跃起到了促进作用.在相同的增益介质中,石墨烯的加入不仅使得光子在无序介质中散射频次增加,促进了增益效果,而且增强了Au纳米颗粒表面的等离子体共振效应.二者相互协同,展现出了优异的随机激光特性,阈值降低至2.8μJ/mm~2;对样品重复测量可得样品的激射重复性较强、品质较高.本研究对促进随机激光应用、实现高性能的光电器件起到了一定的推动作用.     

利用金属纳米颗粒改善有机光电器件性能

有机发光和有机光伏器件为代表的有机光电器件在显示、照明、能源等领域有着广阔的应用前景。有机发光器件具有发光效率高、发光颜色丰富、响应速度快等优点,而有机光伏器件具有质轻、成本低、可实现柔性器件等优点。金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振耦合效应可以提高有机发光器件的效率和有机光伏器件的光电转换效率,因而得到了研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了金属纳米颗粒改善有机发光/光伏器件性能方面的研究进展,并对其今后的应用趋势进行了讨论。     

等离子体刻蚀工艺中的光学发射光谱仪数据的模型研究(英文)

原位光学发射光谱仪(OES)已经成为等离子体刻蚀工艺控制过程中的一种非常有潜力的在线传感器系统。采用光谱仪实时采集高密度等离子体刻蚀机中的OES光谱数据,利用BP神经网络算法对特定波长的OES数据进行分析及建模,以便对等离子体刻蚀工艺过程进行反馈控制。由刻蚀产物SiCl发出的405nm谱线被选为特征谱线来确定刻蚀工艺过程的终点。     

低密度泡沫金激光-X射线转换特性模拟研究

在激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变中, 激光首先与黑腔壁高Z等离子体相互作用转换成强X射线辐射, 再通过高Z腔壁的X射线再辐射而在靶丸表面产生对称辐射以驱动其内爆, 改善腔中激光–X射线转换特性非常重要. 利用一维辐射流体程序模拟研究了低密度泡沫金对激光–X射线转换特性的影响, 结果表明: 在固定激光参数条件下, 随着Au材料密度降低, 激光–X射线转换效率提高, 当泡沫Au密度为0.1 g/cm³时, 转换效率相对提高19%; 同时, 金M带辐射份额随之减少; 对于发光区运动, 存在合适的泡沫Au密度使其得到有效抑制. 从能量平衡的角度分析了转换效率提高的原因: 在激光与低密度泡沫Au作用时, 转换为流体力学动能损耗的能量份额与固体Au相比有所降低, 因而相应的辐射能份额增加. 低密度泡沫Au改善激光–X射线转换特性是实现黑腔腔壁优化的一种途径, 模拟结果为进一步开展相应实验研究提供了依据. 关键词： 泡沫金 激光-X射线转换 辐射谱 等离子体运动     

三倍频激光等离子体X射线转换研究

利用“星光Ⅱ”高功率激光装置三倍频激光（波长０.３５μｍ,能量５—９０Ｊ,焦斑直径约２００μｍ,脉冲宽度４００—８００ｐｓ）辐照多种材料（Ｃ,Ａｌ,Ｃｕ,Ａｕ）靶,对于不同激光功率密度,研究软Ｘ射线转换和发射能谱．结合０.３５μｍ激光辐照Ａｌ靶的质量烧蚀率和等离子体喷射速度与激光功率密度的定标关系进行数值模拟,对于激光功率在１０^１３—１０^１５Ｗ／ｃｍ²理论模拟结果与实验结果符合得很好 关键词：     

胶体金纳米颗粒的表面等离子体发射特性

利用电化学方法制备出粒径为20-80 nm的胶体金纳米颗粒。研究其荧光发射光谱特性,在485nm处观察到表面自由电子集体激发导致的表面等离子体共振发射峰,其位置不随激励光波长的变化而移动。当激励光波长为485 nm时,观察到最强的发射峰。在240和640 nm处,还观察到倍频发射峰和3/4分频发射峰。增加金纳米颗粒粒径,观察到发射谱的峰值增大而发射峰的位置只有很小的红移。     

Facile Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles with PLGA Polymer Brushes and Efficient Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles: Toward Spatially Precise Bioimaging of Polymeric Nanoparticles

Nanocarriers prepared from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) have broad biomedical applications. Understanding their cellular uptake and distribution requires appropriate visualization in complex biological compartments with high spatial resolution, which cannot be offered by traditional imaging techniques based on fluorescent or radioactive probes. Herein, the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into PLGA nanoparticles is proposed, which should allow precise spatial visualization in cells using electron microscopy. Available protocols for encapsulating GNPs into polymeric matrices are limited and associated with colloidal instability and low encapsulation efficiency. In this report, the following are described: 1) a facile protocol to functionalize GNPs with PLGA polymer followed by 2) encapsulation of the prepared PLGA‐capped GNPs into PLGA nanocarriers with 100% encapsulation efficiency. The remarkable encapsulation of PLGA‐GNPs into PLGA matrix obeys the general rule in chemistry “like dissolves like” as evident from poor encapsulation of GNPs capped with other polymers. Moreover, it is shown that how the encapsulated gold nanoparticles serve as nanoprobes to visualize PLGA polymeric hosts inside cancer cells at the spatial resolution of the electron microscope. The described methods should be applicable to a wide range of inorganic nanoprobes and provide a new method of labeling pharmaceutical polymeric nanocarriers to understand their biological fate at high spatial resolution.     

Photoelectric Properties of Composite Si Layers with Ag Nanoparticles Obtained by Ion Implantation and Laser Annealing

Optics and Spectroscopy - Structural and photoelectric properties of composite Ag:Si layers formed in the near-surface area of a single-crystal c-Si substrate by a high-dose implantation of Ag+...     

Gold Nanoparticles: Production,Reshaping, and Thermal Charging

Gold nanoparticles are of great interest for various nanoelectronic applications, e.g., for making single electron transistors or very fine leads to molecular size entities. For this and other applications, it is important that all particles have controllable size and shape. In this paper, we describe the production of size-selected gold aerosol particles in the 20nm range made by evaporation in a high-temperature tube furnace and subsequent size selection. To obtain spherical particles, it was necessary to reshape the particles at high temperature, which was investigated for temperatures between 25°C and 1200°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the degree of crystallinity became higher for higher reshaping temperature. During reshaping at high temperature, an anomalous charging behavior was discovered, whereby negatively as well as positively charged particles became multiply negatively charged. Possible mechanisms for explaining this thermally activated phenomenon are discussed.     

Temporal and Spectral Characterization of Breakdown Plasma Induced by Laser Radiation in Colloidal Solutions of Gold Nanoparticles

Temporal and spectral characteristics of laser-induced breakdown plasma in colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles were experimentally studied. Near-infrared laser sources of nanosecond pulses were used. It was shown that under certain experimental conditions nanosized plasma around nanoparticles might change to laser-induced breakdown plasma in liquid. The dependencies of the plasma temporal and spectral characteristics on laser pulse duration as well as resulting nanoparticles properties were studied. Laser-induced breakdown plasma lifetime was shown to be comparable with laser pulse duration. The efficiency of gold nanoparticles fragmentation was shown to depend on laser pulse duration. Similar experiments were carried out under reduced external pressure. It turned out to affect the properties of both plasma plume and nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and disc measuring centrifuge were used for nanoparticle morphology and size analysis. Extinction spectra of colloidal solutions and emission spectra of plasma were studied by means of optical spectroscopy.     

金纳米颗粒的紫外、蓝紫光波段光致荧光特性

采用电化学方法制备出粒径在20～30 nm的悬浮胶体金纳米颗粒。研究了金纳米颗粒的荧光发射光谱特性。在377和459 nm观察到两个荧光发射峰,分别位于紫外和蓝紫光波段,对应的敏感激发波长为220 nm。减小激发光强度或降低金纳米颗粒的粒子数密度都会使377 nm处的荧光发射峰强度减弱。位于459 nm处的荧光发射峰对激发光强度和颗粒数密度变化更为敏感,并且在激发光强度降低到一定阈值或粒子数密度高于一定阈值后消失。随着激发光强度的增加,位于377和459 nm处的两发射峰强度逐渐靠近,其比值逼近于1。实验结果与随机分布介质的自组织散射式谐振腔理论符合得较好。这表明胶体金纳米颗粒中存在循环多重散射,并由此引发了蓝光及紫外波段的荧光增强,这在光存储和全色显示等方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

金纳米粒子的电化学合成及光谱表征

采用电化学方法合成各种形状的金纳米粒子,生成的金纳米粒子形貌与施加电流有关,通过匀速递增电流电解的方法,可制备得到哑铃形,球形以及棒状金纳米粒子,采用恒电流电解方法主要获得球形及哑铃形纳米粒子。利用透射电镜、紫外-可见光谱及拉曼光谱对金纳米粒子进行相关表征。紫外-可见光谱研究发现金纳米棒出现位于近红外区间的吸收峰(985 nm),由此推测棒的长径比约为6。以结晶紫为探针分子,研究了金纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)效应,并分析得出其平躺的吸附模式。根据形貌表征的结果推断了纳米粒子的生长机理。     

纳米金的SP-ICP-MS表征及测定

纳米技术的不断发展需要更强大的纳米粒子表征技术。单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP-ICP-MS)是近年来发展起来的纳米粒子检测新技术,能够快速的向研究人员提供关于纳米粒子尺寸、尺寸分布、粒子数目浓度和元素组成等信息,而且对样品干扰小。本工作探讨了SP-ICP-MS检测技术中影响金纳米粒子(Gold nanoparticles, AuNPs)测定的因素：包括仪器参数的优化,如驻留时间(Dwell time);样品基质的影响,包括含盐、含碳基质;以及溶液中溶解的被分析元素等。测得仪器对金纳米粒子的检测限是23 nm。通过加标回收的方式,测定了实际水样太湖水、东丽湖水中金纳米粒子,加标回收率分别为97.7%和84.4%。最后,对SP-ICP-MS纳米粒子检测的现存问题进行了几点思考。     

Photothermal Effect of Infrared (808 nm) Laser Radiation and Gold Nanoparticles in Different Modifications on S. aureus

Optics and Spectroscopy - A comparative study of the effect of infrared laser radiation (808 nm) of different power density on Staphylococcus aureus 209 P,...     

Interaction of Gaseous Reagents on Gold and Nickel Nanoparticles

The adsorption and interaction of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen with gold and nickel nanoparticles is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It is established that the HCO radical is formed on gold nanoparticles by the reaction between adsorbed H₂ and CO, which is subsequently oxidized by oxygen to water and CO₂. At the same time, after exposure to H₂ and CO, nickel nanoparticles coated with oxide are reduced. The formation of adsorbed HCO on such nanoparticles is not observed.