在溶胶-凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2催化丙烯的环氧化反应

 以sol－gel法制备了MoO3／SiO2催化剂，并用BET比表面积测定，XRD和FT－IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征；研究了以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂的丙烯一步环氧化反应，考察了催化剂的制备条件和反应条件对丙烯环氧化反应的影响．结果表明，在制备过程中，酸性水解剂对MoO3／SiO2催化剂的分散度、比表面积和催化性能有较大的影响．用HCl溶液作为水解剂制备的催化剂，其性能明显优于用HNO3或HAc作水解剂制备的催化剂．在110℃和0．6MPa的条件下反应2h，过氧化氢异丙苯转化率为89％，环氧丙烷选择性为80％．     

微波水解衍生高效液相色谱法测定西洋参中的氨基酸

用微波辅助提取酸水解西洋参中的蛋白质, 对生成的氨基酸进行微波衍生后用高效液相色谱法进行测定.对微波衍生条件和微波水解的条件进行了优化.研究结果表明, 190 ℃, 15 min微波水解得到氨基酸的产率与传统加热水解(110 ℃, 24 h)的结果基本相同.用2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)对氨基酸进行微波衍生, 氨基酸在微波衍生时间大于20 s时, 衍生反应基本完全; 而传统DNFB衍生需在60 ℃水浴加热1 h, 所以微波衍生法明显缩短了氨基酸分析时间.用高效液相色谱法对西洋参根中的氨基酸进行了测定, 结果令人满意.     

应用HPLC对氨基酸和肽水解稳定性的实验研究

水解蛋白质的实验条件通常很强烈,正如预期的那样,在此条件下有些氨基酸依据不同的介质以不可预料的方式分解[1].如果水解在足够温和的条件下进行,蛋白质水解液中除了含有氨基酸外,还有一系列的肽.反相高效液相色谱的柱前衍生法对氨基酸和肽的分离分析具有分析时间短和灵敏度高的优点.在前文中[2]已对9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)作为氨基酸和肽的衍生化试剂的衍生介质和衍生化条件进行了研究.绝对分析法用于对水解收率的计算,在一定的实验条件下,它能直接给出收率[3～5].……     

微波技术在烟草游离态及蛋白质结合态氨基酸分析中的应用研究

研究了微波萃取烟草中游离氨基酸和微波水解烟草蛋白质的样品前处理方法,对微波萃取和微波水解条件进行了优化。微波萃取后的游离氨基酸及微波水解后的氨基酸总量采用氨基酸分析仪测定,蛋白质中的氨基酸用差减法计算。微波萃取氨基酸的最佳条件为:盐酸浓度0.05 mol·L-1,物料比1∶20,微波萃取温度50℃,微波萃取时间10 min,该条件下得到的游离氨基酸萃取率与超声30 min的结果基本一致;微波水解蛋白质的最佳条件为:盐酸浓度6 mol·L-1,物料比1∶100,水解温度140℃,水解时间60 min,与传统水解24 h的结果基本一致。用微波辅助法萃取烟草中的游离氨基酸及水解烟草蛋白质,样品前处理时间大大缩短,分析结果令人满意。     

微波溶样ICP—MS直接测定茶叶中15种前量稀土元素

本文报道用ＨＮＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ２微波溶样，不经分离富集，用标准加入ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法，直接测定茶叶中１５种痕量稀土元素，对微波溶样和等离子体质谱测定条件进行了优化选择，在最佳实验条件下，用本法测定了国家一级茶叶标准ＧＢＷ０７６０５中的单一稀土元素，测得值与标准值很好吻合。     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定荔枝果蒂中的氨基酸

建立了AccQ· Tag柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定荔枝果蒂中氨基酸含量的方法.荔枝果蒂样品在120℃下真空水解22 h,再与AQC衍生剂进行衍生,并采用反相液相色谱法-荧光检测器进行分析,外标法计算样品中17种氨基酸的含量.17种氨基酸在35 min内可完全分离,荔枝果蒂中氨基酸的含量在2.5～25 μmol/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.999.方法的加标回收率在71.2％～92.0％之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.16％～9.94％(n=6),方法的检出限(S/N=3)在0.000 5～0.0012 mg/L之间.     

氨基酸-稳定同位素稀释质谱法用于合成肽段准确含量分析

建立了氨基酸同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法准确测定合成肽段绝对含量的方法。实验中对合成肽段的纯度进行了表征,色谱纯度表征结果为99%以上,质谱纯度为90%以上。在肽段溶液中加入13C标记的氨基酸后进行酸溶液水解时间的优化,水解后的氨基酸直接经液相色谱分离和质谱检测,结果表明肽段中的被测氨基酸在150 ℃、6 mol/L HCl溶液水解4～6 h就可以达到水解平衡。每个肽段选择两个或两个以上的被测氨基酸,测得随机选择的5种合成肽段的绝对含量为62.07%～88.18%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于8%,相对误差小于5%,均满足定量要求。除常用的被测氨基酸苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸外,还考察了选择赖氨酸和精氨酸作为被测氨基酸的可行性,实验结果表明增加精氨酸为被测氨基酸是可行的,从而进一步增加了方法的普适性。该方法的建立避免了色谱法定量时氨基酸衍生化处理带来的副反应影响及操作繁琐等问题,提高了肽段含量测定的准确度和精密度,为肽段含量的准确测定提供了一种新的方法。     

微波溶样ICP-MS直接测定茶叶中15种痕量稀土元素

本文报道用ＨＮＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ２微波溶样，不经分离富集，用标准加入ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法，直接测定茶叶中１５种痕量稀土元素．对微波溶样和等离子体质谱测定条件进行了优化选择．在最佳实验条件下，用本法测定了国家一级茶叶标准物质ＧＢＷ０７６０５中的单一稀土元素，测得值与标准值很好吻合     

低温蒸发金属PMBP螯合物的ETV-ICP-AES技术研究

本文以1－苯基－3－甲基－4－苯甲酰基－吡唑酮－5（PMBP）为化学改进剂，提出低温蒸发金属PMBP气态螯合的ETV－ICP－AES新技术，对影响螯合物的形成及其蒸发行为的因素进行了研究，在优化的实验条件下，方法测定镧，铕，铝和铁的检出限分别为8.0ng/mL、0．9ng/mL、0．6ng/mL和3．2ng/mL；相对标准偏差分别为3．3％，3．4％、4．7％和3．9％，已将本法用于标准参考机动车尾气尘粒和米粉试样中的痕量镧，铕，铝和铁的测定，结果与标准值吻合。     

微波水解衍生高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的氨基酸

建立了一种微波水解衍生高效液相色谱同时测定饲料中17种氨基酸含量的方法。采用2,4-二硝基氯苯作为柱前衍生试剂,利用C_(18)色谱柱分离。二极管阵列检测器进行检测,检测波长为360 nm,并对微波水解时间及温度进行优化。17种氨基酸在2.5~50 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.990 7~0.999 9;相对标准偏差为0.88%~4.2%;加标回收率为90.6%~107.2%;检出限为0.15~2.37 mg/L。研究结果表明,150℃下微波水解16 min的结果与传统加热水解(110℃,24 h)的效果基本相同。该方法分析时间较短,灵敏度较高,可用于饲料中氨基酸含量的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.