五水硫代硫酸钠非等温脱水过程的确定

通过对五水硫代硫酸钠(Na2S2O3 5H2O)非等温脱水过程的热力学数据进行理论求算和分析,结合两种热分析实验结果,包括差热/热重联机(DTA/TGA)和差示扫描量热(DSC),实验测定结果与理论求算相互验证,确定了五水硫代硫酸钠脱水过程的类型.研究的理论和实验结果表明,Na2S2O3·5H2O的脱水过程是先脱出液态水并形成水溶液,然后随着温度的升高,溶液中水的再气化.     

水合乙酸锌脱水反应的动力学

用等温热重法和非等温热重法研究了Zn(CH3COO)2 *2H2O的脱水反应.在61.1、 62.8、 66.2、 69.9℃下的等温热重数据,由等转化率下的lnt=E/RT+ln[g(α)/A]进行拟合,确定了活化能的大小;升温速率为10℃/min的非等温热重曲线显示, Zn(CH3COO)2 *2H2O的脱水反应发生在71～102℃间,其数据通过Doyle-Zsako法进行拟合,以线性相关系数为判据,并结合等温热分析拟合结果,得到该脱水反应的积分动力学模式函数g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]2/3、活化能E=100.8 kJ/mol、指前因子ln(A/s-1)=36.09、动力学补偿效应方程为lnA=0.3339E+2.010.     

水合金属卤化物脱水的方法和条件

分析了从水合金属卤化物脱水制备无水金属卤化物的几种方法和条件,如直接加热脱水法,在保护气氛或真空中加热脱水法,先制备成复盐然后加热脱水法,用脱水剂脱水法,以及用有机配位溶剂脱水法等。     

水合盐相变储能材料的研究进展

无机水合盐相变储能材料具有相变潜热大、相变温度适中、价格低廉等优点,在太阳能高效利用、跨季节储热采暖、工业余废热利用、轻纺行业等方面具有广阔的应用前景.但过冷、相分离、导热系数低等问题限制了其实际应用.本文介绍了水合盐相变储能材料近年来的研究进展,分析了水合盐相变存在的过冷及相分离现象的原因.通过成核剂法、多孔基体吸附...     

固态硫酸锂一水合物脱水过程的非等温动力学

采用TG DTG技术研究了固态硫酸锂一水合物脱水过程 ,运用Malek等提出的热分析动力学数据处理方法 ,确定了脱水过程的动力学机理模式f(α)为n(1-α) [-ln(1-α) ]1 - 1 n或为αm(1-α) n,并求得相应动力学参数。     

盐生盐杆菌生长过程热动力学研究

用 LKB2 2 77生物活性检测系统测定了盐生盐杆菌 R1、J7、S9以及 R1和 J7的融合子 F9生长的产热功率曲线 .根据曲线的特征 ,建立了古生菌生长过程的热动力学方程 :ln[P· ( 1 -P/Pm) r- 1 ]=ln[P0 · ( 1 -P0 /Pm) r- 1 ]+k· t.由此求得了盐生盐杆菌的生长速率常数 ,并对此模型和融合子 F9的生长进行了讨论 .该热动力学方程描述了一系列非理想的细菌生长过程的产热功率曲线 ,并将其与经典的指数式生长模型和 lo-gistic模型进行了比较 ,它具有更广泛的适用性 .首次报道了微量热技术在古生菌中的应用     

云母钛脱水脱硫过程的动力学研究

对强制水解硫酸钛制得的云母钛前驱体进行了ＴＧ分析，利用了Ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ－Ｃａｒｒｏｌｌ方法处理热重数据，得到云母钛热处理的动力学参数，脱水阶段：Ｅ＝９３．３２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，ｎ＝５．１６，Ａ＝５．３１×１０＾１１ｍｉｎ＾－１脱硫阶段，Ｅ＝１４９．２５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，ｎ＝５．１３，Ａ＝２．７５×１０＾１１ｍｉｎ＾－１。相同条件下制得的水合氧化钛粉末的动力学参数表明，云母钛中水合氧化钛膜层的脱水，脱硫速率     

水合锰盐18-冠-6的振动光谱

近年来,相继测定了一些过渡金属18-C-6化合物的结构,发现它们的结合方式有着自己的结构特性。作为结构表征的振动光谱,目前还研究得较少。本文合成了(Mn_2Cl_2·8H_20)·18C6·2Cl(Ⅰ)和Mn(NCS)_2·4H_2O·18C6(Ⅱ),测定了4000-100cm~(-1)区域的FTIR和激光Raman光谱,讨论了(Ⅱ)的可能结构。     

水合草酸钡脱水过程的机理判别和动力学研究

用等温热重法和线性升温热重法在氮气气氛中研究B~aC~2O~4·0.5H~2O的脱水过程.运用判断机理的三步判别法对实验数据分析证明:该过程受随机成核和晶核随后生长机理控制.通过晶体结构分析对这种机理的正确性进行了验性.     

用相关判别法研究—水合草酸钙脱水过程

目前,用热分析技术研究固体热分解反应动力学成了一个十分活跃的研究领域.但是,不同的研究者所公布的动力学参数往往有很大的差别,其原因固然是多方面的,最主要的是没有一种可靠的方法判别正确的分解反应机理.过去对反应机理的判别较多地是采用热重分析的相关系数一步判别法,由于热重分析的相关系数大都比较接近,因此仅靠这种单一的方法,很难作出准确判断.如果将等温热重分析的相关系数判别法、非等温与等温热重分析的动力学参数判别法和反应速率常数的对比判别法三者结合起来,则可以大大地提高判断的准确度.本文以一水合草酸钙为例,表明这种相关判别法的适用性.     

Non-isothermal Dehydration Kinetics of Some Cationites

The kinetic parameters of dehydration were determined under non-isothermal conditions for different polystyrenedivinylbenzene sulfonic acid type cationites (DVB) and their dependence on the degree of cross-linking granulation, porosity, specific surface, content of SO₃M groups (M=Li, Na, K, Rb), nature of the alkali metal in partially neutralized -SO₃H groups and heating rate was investigated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kinetics of Gypsum Dehydration

The kinetics of gypsum dehydration in non-isothermal conditions with constant heating rate as well in quasi-isotherm, quasi-isobar regime, was investigated. The latter ones of these methods allowed putting in evidence the autocatalytic character of the dehydration, as well as the change of the activation energy with the conversion.The activation energy change was explained by the crystal growth and sample compaction observed by optical microscopy.Microscopic observations show that at higher conversions a compaction occur. This process is probably favoured by the accumulation of the water vapour from the dehydration (autogenerate atmosphere). These are the reason for step III characterised by higher activation.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Kinetic Study of the Dehydration of VOPO4.2H2O by Thermal Methods

The dehydration of VOPO₄.2H₂O hasbeen studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC). From the shift of the DTA,DTG, and DSC peaks, activation energies of thedehydration processes have been calculated based onKissinger's method. The most suitable kinetic modelsfor two-step dehydration have been found.     

Dehydration kinetics of ulexite from thermogravimetric data

In the present study, the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of ulexite were investigated by using TGA data. For the kinetic analysis, the Suzuki and Coats-Redfern methods were applied. It was determined that the process fits a first-order kinetic model, and the value of the activation energies and frequency factors decreased with decreasing particle size, which can be attributed to the increasing particle internal resistance to the escape of water as the grain size increases. The activation energy values were found to be 47.34–60.01 kJ mol^–1 for region I and 0.225–1.796 kJ mol^–1 for region II for the range of particle size fraction used. The frequency factors were calculated to be 9821.8–524.9 s^–1 for region I and 3.05×10^–44–2.807×10^–5 for region II for the same conditions.     

水合硼酸锶的制备及脱水热分解动力学

以氯化锶和硼酸氢铵为原料,采用液相沉淀法制备了片状水合硼酸锶（SrB6O10•5H2O）粉体,并用XRD、FT-IR及SEM进行了表征。利用热重分析法对片状纳米硼酸锶粉体的脱水热分解动力学进行了研究,分别采用 Coats- Redfern 方程和 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）法对热重分析数据进行了处理和拟合,初步确定了水合硼酸锶的四步脱水过程及相应的热分解反应机理,得到各步反应的表观活化能和指前因子。     

Study of The Thermal Decomposition of Some New Cyanine Dispersed Dyes

The structure of the studied compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and NMR. TG and DTG data were used to study the kinetics of the thermal decomposition process of some new cyanine dispersed dyes derived from 2-[(p-chloro)-styryl]-6-[5-(3-aryl-rhodanine)]-1,2-dihydropyridine. The reaction was found to follow first order mechanism. The activation energy E_a was calculated and used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (H^*), entropy change (S^*), and free energy change (G^*), related to the thermal decomposition process. Two different calculation methods including Coats—Redfern and Chatterjee were applied to evaluate thekinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Quantum study was performed to support both the structure and the thermal data.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of water vapour pressure on the thermal dehydration of yttrium formate dihydrate

The kinetics of the thermal dehydration of yttrium formate dihydrate was studied by means of isothermal gravimetry under various water vapour pressures from 5×10^–4 to 8 torr. On the whole, the dehydration was described as the three dimensional phase boundary reaction, R₃. An unusual dependence of the rate of dehydration on the atmospheric water vapour pressure was observed: with increasing water vapour pressure, the rate increased at first, passed through a maximum, and then decreased gradually to a constant value. These phenomena were similar to the Smith-Topley effect. The mechanism of the phenomena can be described on the basis of the crystallinity of the dehydrated product phase.The authors wish to thank Mr. H. Minagawa of the Analytical Instrument Laboratory of Niigata University, for the X-ray diffraction measurements at high temperatures, and Mr. K. Hirata for help in the experimental work.     

A DSC Study of Hydrated Sugar Alcohols. Isomalt

A DSC study has been carried out on isomalt, a commercial sugar alcohol derived from sucrose and widely used as a sweetener in the food industry. Isomalt is a mixture of two isomers:α-D-glucopyranosyl–1-6-mannitol (GPM) and α-D-glucopyranosyl–1-6-sorbitol (GPS). Release of the water of crystallisation (around 100°C)and melting (around 150°C) have been phenomenologically characterised using different scanning rates and heat treatments. The effect of dehydration/re-hydration on the melting has been investigated. The isomalt glass transition, at about 60°C, was studied on samples cooled after melting. The dynamic aspect of structural relaxation of isomalt has been quantified by its fragility parameter. Glassy state stability has been evaluated by performing ageing experiments at sub-T _g temperatures. During ageing, apart from the expected enthalpy relaxation effects, isomalt showed a peculiar behaviour, due to its isomeric composition. These preliminary and phenomenological results have been interpreted in terms of isomer structure and of carbohydrate-water interactions in the mixture. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dehydration and dehydroxylation of reduced charge montmorillonite

Reduced charge montmorillonites (RCM) were prepared by the thermal treatment of lithiumsaturated montmorillonite. Samples prepared by mild thermal treatment with lithium contained more water sorbed than the original montmorrilonite. When RCMs were prepared, part of the lithium cations reacted with hydroxyl groups in the octahedral sheet and released protons, which reacted with the structure. Acid treatment probably enhanced the surface area. which was reflected in the amount of water sorbed. Deprotonation of hydroxyl groups was proved by the measurements of the ignition loss. The heating of lithium saturated montmorillonite at higher temperatures brough about the collapse of the interlayers and a decrease in the amount of water sorbed.