The jump phenomenon effect on the sound absorption of a nonlinear panel absorber and sound transmission loss of a nonlinear panel backed by a cavity

Theoretical analysis of the nonlinear vibration effects on the sound absorption of a panel absorber and sound transmission loss of a panel backed by a rectangular cavity is herein presented. The harmonic balance method is employed to derive a structural acoustic formulation from two-coupled partial differential equations representing the nonlinear structural forced vibration and induced acoustic pressure; one is the well-known von Karman??s plate equation and the other is the homogeneous wave equation. This method has been used in a previous study of nonlinear structural vibration, in which its results agreed well with the elliptic solution. To date, very few classical solutions for this nonlinear structural-acoustic problem have been developed, although there are many for nonlinear plate or linear structural-acoustic problems. Thus, for verification purposes, an approach based on the numerical integration method is also developed to solve the nonlinear structural-acoustic problem. The solutions obtained with the two methods agree well with each other. In the parametric study, the panel displacement amplitude converges with increases in the number of harmonic terms and acoustic and structural modes. The effects of excitation level, cavity depth, boundary condition, and damping factor are also examined. The main findings include the following: (1)?the well-known ??jump phenomenon?? in nonlinear vibration is seen in the sound absorption and transmission loss curves; (2)?the absorption peak and transmission loss dip due to the nonlinear resonance are significantly wider than those in the linear case because of the wider resonant bandwidth; and (3)?nonlinear vibration has the positive effect of widening the absorption bandwidth, but it also degrades the transmission loss at the resonant frequency.     

截锥型薄壁结构声振耦合动力特性分析

采用大型通用软件ANSYS,建立截锥型薄壁结构的实体有限元动力学模型,通过与相关实验数据的对比验证了模型合理性。据此,利用无限元模拟自由声场边界,建立声场-截锥型薄壁结构的直接耦合有限元动力学模型。通过数值仿真分析研究了声场中截锥壳结构的振动特性,并讨论了声振动对结构动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:数值仿真结果和截锥壳声振实验数据比较一致。在考虑声场影响后发现:结构位移共振频率值大多有所降低,结构位移共振频率数量显著增多;在低频下,结构位移响应峰值在声场的影响下明显增大;在高频下则明显减小。     

负刚度时滞反馈控制动力吸振器的等峰优化

相比于传统动力吸振器, 负刚度动力吸振器同时具有更好的减振能力和更宽的有效减振频带宽度, 为了进一步降低共振峰幅值, 在负刚度吸振器系统耦合时滞反馈控制. 对负刚度时滞反馈控制动力吸振器系统进行等峰优化设计, 优化设计的准则是:第一和第二共振峰的峰值相等; 同时兼顾两个目标, 一个目标是在优化时的最大共振峰幅值小于被动负刚度吸振器系统的反共振峰幅值, 另一目标是在优化时共振峰幅值与反共振峰幅值差小于被动吸振器系统. 接着, 通过设计和调节负刚度系数、吸振器阻尼系数和时滞反馈控制系数对控制系统进行等峰优化设计. 最后, 在降低幅值的同时, 分析结构参数对有效减振频带宽度的影响. 经过等峰优化之后, 选择本文的一组结构参数与两个典型的模型进行对比. 为了定量比较不同模型的降幅效果, 定义了减幅百分比, 研究发现在有效减振频带区间内减幅百分比超过40%以上. 结果表明, 通过等峰优化准则对结构参数进行优化设计和调节增益系数和时滞量, 共振峰幅值的减幅百分比也近似达到40%, 也可以调节增益系数和时滞量, 使得幅频响应曲线具有较宽的有效减振频带和较低的共振峰幅值与反共振峰幅值的差值.      

Experimental full field investigations of resonant vibrations for piezoceramic plates by an optical interferometry method

The experimental measurement of resonant frequencies for piezoelectric material is generally performed by impedance analysis. In this paper we employ an optical interferometry method, called amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI), to investigate the vibration characteristics of piezoceramic plates. This method demonstrates its advantages of combining noise reduction, like the subtraction method, and high fringe sensitivity, like the time-averaged method. As compared with the film recording and optical reconstruction procedures used for holographic interferometry, the interferometric fringes of AF-ESPI are produced instantly by a video recording system. Based on the fact that clear fringe patterns measured by the AF-ESPI method will be shown only at resonant frequencies, both the resonant frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are obtained experimentally at the same time. Excellent quality for the interferometric fringe patterns of the mode shapes is demonstrated. We find from experimental results that the out-of-plane vibration modes (type A) with lower resonant frequencies cannot be measured by impedance analysis and only the in-plane vibration modes (type B) will be shown. However, both the out-of-plane (bending) and in-plane (extension) vibration modes of piezoceramic plates are obtained by the AF-ESPI method. Finally, numberical finite element calculations are also performed, and the results are compared with the experimental measurements. Excellent agreement for the resonant frequencies and mode shapes are obtained from both results.     

压电复合材料层合板自适应结构的振动控制

本文针对板壳型自适应结构,研究了压电材料作为作动器的自适应结构的振动控制。利用四节点压电复合材料层合板单元进行自适应结构的有限元动力分析;采用模态控制方法,将结构的各阶模态的阻尼比作为控制目标,并以此计算出各压电片的控制电压,达到控制结构振动的目的。算例给出了数值计算的结果。     

Vibration control of nonlinear Absorber–Isolator-Combined structure with time-delayed coupling

A nonlinear combined structure consisted of isolator and absorber with time-delayed coupling active control is proposed in this study, whose vibration suppression effectiveness and control mechanism are investigated. The mathematical model of the combined structure is obtained and stability analysis for different structural parameters and time delay are firstly carried out, which provides a general guideline for the ranges of active control parameters. Then the combined effect of nonlinearity and time delay on vibration suppression and energy transfer is discussed in details based on the analysis of control mechanism by the method of multiple scales. Since the time-delayed nonlinear absorber can induce internal resonance between different modes, the vibration energy at low frequencies can be transferred to high frequency mode and the vibration of the fundamental frequency range is thus suppressed. This paper provides a novel application of internal resonance in vibration suppression of an Absorber–Isolator-Combined structure.     

基于碰撞升频的MEMS压电振动能量采集系统

本文提出了一种基于碰撞升频机制的微型压电能量采集系统,由一对共振频率不同的悬臂梁平行叠放组成。在外界低频振动激励下,底部低频S形金属曲梁产生共振,在运动过程中碰撞顶部高频微型压电直梁,从而将低频环境振动转换为高频压电梁的振动,解决了压电直梁的固有频率与外界激励频率不匹配问题,同时提高能量收集的效率。本文建立了悬臂梁受迫振动和碰撞耦合振动的动力学模型,讨论了压电悬臂梁的电压输出特性。通过实验测试了压电能量收集系统和单个压电悬臂梁的开路电压并计算了输出功率,结果表明当振动加速度为1.0 g时,升频式压电能量采集系统在25 Hz的激振下输出功率达到8.6 μW,高于单个压电悬臂梁的最大输出功率。     

Forced vibration analysis of the milling process with structural nonlinearity,internal resonance,tool wear and process damping effects

In this paper, forced vibration analysis of an extended dynamic model of the milling process is investigated, in the presence of internal resonance. Regenerative chatter, structural nonlinearity, tool wear and process damping effects are included in the proposed model. Taking into account the average and first order expansion of Fourier series for cutting force components; their closed form expressions are derived. Moreover, in the presence of large vibration amplitudes, the loss of contact effect is included in this model. Analytical approximate response of the nonlinear system is constructed through the multiple-scales approach. Dynamics of the system is studied for two cases of primary and super-harmonic resonance, associated with the internal resonance. Under steady state motion, the effects of structural nonlinearity, cutting force coefficients, tool wear length and process damping are investigated on the frequency response functions of the system. In addition, existence of multiple solutions, jump phenomenon and energy transfer between vibration modes are presented and compared for tow cases of primary and super-harmonic resonances.     

Resonance-coupling effect on broad band gap formation in locally resonant sonic metamaterials

To broaden the resonant band gap in locally resonant sonic metamaterials (LRSMs), coupled resonance was introduced through a stacked structure. Stacked-structure LRSMs are formed by orthogonally stacking square coated-steel rods and embedding them layer by layer in an epoxy matrix. Calculations suggest that stacked-structure LRSMs have wider band gaps, which are adaptable to all types of vibration polarizations. Using vibration modes and a mass–spring model, strong coupling was confirmed between the orthogonal resonances at the upper edge of the band gap, providing a wider bandwidth. Moreover, the effects of the rod width, thickness of coating material and viscoelastic damping on the band gap were investigated. The close relationship of the bandwidth with the strength of coupling between resonances was thereby demonstrated.     

INTERFERENCE EFFECTS FOR A GROUP OF TWO REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEYS

Based on wind tunnel experiments in a simulated boundary layer flow, interference effects for a group of two 200 m high reinforced concrete chimneys are investigated, in particular the effect of the natural frequencies of the structure on the response. The wind induced forces are measured by a force balance which acts as a mechanical filter. This distortion has to be removed in the frequency domain. For translating the wind tunnel results to full-scale results, the measured signals have to be weighted additionally by the mechanical admittance of the real structure, taking into account the appropriate frequency scale. After correction and weighting in the frequency domain, the signals are re-transferred to the time domain to sample the extremes of the action effects, i.e., the responses, which now include the quasi-static and resonant contribution. To obtain a sufficiently high statistical stability, 60 independent runs are performed for each interference situation. The analysis of the extremes clearly shows that for interference situations the coefficient of variation of the extremes is high. Therefore, an appropriate fractile of the extremes should be used to define the design wind load. This fractile is obtained assuming a Gumbel distribution for the probability distribution of the extreme action effects. Additionally, an appropriate time scale has to be taken into account. The difference between the proposed fractile and the often applied mean value of the extremes is large, with differences up to 20%. Interference leads to a mixed excitation. Besides resonance due to the turbulence of the oncoming flow, considerable resonant excitation may occur due to wake buffeting. While in the first case a lower value of the natural frequency leads to larger action effects, resonance effects due to wake buffeting become worse for a higher value of the natural frequency. Since in the design calculations the natural frequency can be estimated only within a remaining uncertainty a conservative estimate is often used to determine the wind-induced response. For an isolated chimney excited by wind turbulence, the lower limit of the frequency provides a conservative prediction. For wake buffeting, on the other hand, the upper limit may have more serious effects. Therefore, it is recommended to analyse the structural effects for a sufficiently broad bandwidth of natural frequencies.     

Dual-Mass Dynamic Absorber for the Head Actuator Assembly in Hard Disk Drives

Abstract

In hard disk drives (HDDs), there are resonant modes due to the flexibility of the pivot and the mass of the head actuator assembly. The vibration modes can be induced in the operational environment, hindering servo bandwidth improvement and thus limiting the areal density growth of HDDs. In this article, a passive control method is investigated for damping the vibrations of HDDs through representing them by a central rigid body with flexible beam-like appendages. A dual-mass dynamic absorber is proposed, which is attached to the hollow space within the voice coil motor of HDDs. The absorber can work effectively on suppressing the key vibration modes produced by the voice coil motor (VCM) fork and quasirigid vibration of the head actuator in HDDs.     

基于局域共振声子晶体结构的低频振动能量回收研究

通过对局域共振型声子晶体的带隙机理及其对能量的局域化作用的分析,提出了一种用于回收环境低频振动能量的新型局域共振结构,并结合有限元方法对此新型结构的振动特性和能量回收能力进行了分析和研究。根据结构的共振模态和“质量-弹簧”系统简化模型,改变结构的材料和几何尺寸可以使结构的前7阶共振频率降到50~250Hz的低频范围。在此基础上发展了一种低频宽带多核结构,在250Hz以下拥有几十甚至更多的共振频率,最低频率低至20Hz,进一步优化了结构的低频宽带共振特性。利用有限元软件对有限结构的频率响应和压电特性进行分析,证实了新型局域共振结构的对环境中低频振动能量的回收能力,并满足了环境振动能量回收的宽带要求。该结构可以应用于各种便携式设备、无线传感器和微机电等自供电系统中,从低频振动环境中的获取能量为自身供电。     

高性能对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺

为了最大限度克服微机电陀螺的两个模态的相互耦合作用,提高微机电陀螺的综合性能指标,采用国内现有MEMS标准工艺方法,设计和制作了一种高性能单晶硅对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺。采用对称结构形式和保证陀螺驱动和检测模态振型都是弯曲振动模式,易于模态匹配;由于采用驱动模态和检测模态结构解耦方式,从微结构设计上大大降低了正交耦合误差影响,使陀螺具有输出零位小、零偏稳定性好的优点。测试结果表明：初次加工的样机,在大气中驱动和检测模态固有频率分别在2430Hz和2580Hz左右,在150Hz带宽内具有0.1～0.5（°）/s的分辨率;随着加工精度的提高和检测电路的改进,该陀螺在大气中15Hz带宽内实现0.008（°）/s的分辨率,在真空状态下,这种高性能单晶硅对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺性能会有进一步的提高。     

自适应主动共振吸振器的设计和减振性能研究

为了扩大吸振器的工作频带,减小吸振器的阻尼,最终提高吸振器的减振效果,本文设计了一种自适应主动共振吸振器。文中对几种不同种类吸振器的减振原理、动力学特性等进行了理论分析和比较,集成自调谐吸振器和主动吸振器的优点,完成了一种自适应主动共振吸振器的设计,并提出了一种变步长、双寻优的控制算法。在振动台上测试了吸振器的动力学特性并理论分析了吸振器的移频特性和阻尼特性。在两端固支梁上对吸振器的减振效果进行了实验评估。实验结果显示,相比自调谐吸振器,加入主动力控制后,自适应主动共振吸振器的阻尼比从0.04减小至0.02,减振效果得到了显著的提高。     

主动移频式动力吸振器及其动力特性的研究

动力吸振器是振动控制中比较有效的减振装置,只要吸振器(子系统)的振动固有频率与振动物体(主系统)的振动频率相同,即可有效地消除主系统的振动。但传统动力吸振器的控制频率带宽较窄,限制了其稳定性和减振效果的提高。本文通过独特的机械设计,研制了一种可以通过调节自身的几何参数,使得其固有频率随几何参数线性变化的主动移频的新型动力吸振器,并初步设定了相应的控制方法。文中还对其动力学特性进行了理论分析和实验测试,分析了它的机理,评估了它的实际减振效果。研究结果表明该吸振器可以大范围调节自身固有频率,有效拓宽吸振频带,具有良好的减振性能和稳定性。     

Dynamics of Articulated Structures. Part I. Theory

ABSTRACT

A finite element based method is developed for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of spatial articulated structures; i.e., structures in which kinematic connections permit large relative displacement between components that undergo small elastic deformation. Vibration and static correction modes are used to account for linear elastic deformation of components. Kinematic constraints between components are used to define boundary conditions for vibration analysis and loads for static correction mode analysis. Constraint equations between flexible bodies are derived in a systematic way and a Lagrange multiplier formulation is used to generate the coupled large displacement-small deformation equations of motion. A lumped mass finite element structural analysis formulation is used to generate deformation modes. An intermediate-processor is used to calculate time-independent terms in the equations of motion and to generate input data for a large-scale dynamic analysis code that includes coupled effects of geometric nonlinearity and elastic deformation. Examples are presented and the effects of deformation mode selection on dynamic prediction are analyzed in Part II of the paper.     

一种中高频激励下动力系统响应的级数展开改进算法

针对频率响应函数的级数展开法在中高频激励时计算发散的问题,提出一种新的级数展开改进算法.将系统的结构模态划分为低阶和截断的高阶模态,在模态叠加分析的基础上,将频率响应函数进行泰勒级数展开.根据高低阶模态对质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的耦合特性,用低阶模态及系统矩阵表达高阶模态对响应的影响.研究结果表明,该算法将频率响应函数的级数展开法扩展到高频激励和中频激励范围阶段,在非完备模态条件下提高了频率响应函数的计算精度,数值计算检验了该方法准确可靠并有很好的收敛性.     

Tuning of a vibration absorber with shunted piezoelectric transducers

In order to reduce structural vibrations in narrow frequency bands, tuned mass absorbers can be an appropriate measure. A quite similar approach which makes use of applied piezoelectric elements, instead of additional oscillating masses, are the well-known resonant shunts, consisting of resistances, inductances, and possibly negative capacitances connected to the piezoelectric element. This paper presents a combined approach, which is based on a conventional tuned mass absorber, but whose characteristics can be strongly influenced by applying shunted piezoceramics. Simulations and experimental analyses are shown to be very effective in predicting the behavior of such electromechanical systems. The vibration level of the absorber can be strongly attenuated by applying different combinations of resistant, resonant, and negative capacitance shunt circuits. The damping characteristics of the absorber can be changed by applying a purely resistive or resonant resistant shunt. Additionally, the tuning frequency of the absorber can be adapted to the excitation frequency, using a negative capacitance shunt circuit, which requires only the energy to supply the electric components.     

Nonlinearly coupled vibrations of thin-walled elastic beams of open section

An account of certain subharmonic vibrations as observed during a resonant testing of thin-walled beams of monosymmetric open section for coupled torsional and bending vibrations is presented. The phenomenon can be described in terms of the vibrational modes of the beam. When the beam is excited at the resonant frequency of a higher mode, there is a tendency for the lowest mode to be excited, resulting in a high-order subharmonic oscillation. It is found that when such phenomenon occurs, the high-mode frequency is a multiple or near multiple of the fundamental frequency of the beam. Under such condition, the response of the beam consists of a superposition of the response of the high mode (harmonic response) and that of the fundamental mode (subharmonic response). The amplitude of the subharmonic motion is generally much larger than that of the harmonic response.     

局域共振型声子晶体板缺陷态带隙及其俘能特性研究

设计了一种由圆柱形散射体嵌入环氧树脂基体而组成的周期阵列局域共振型声子晶体板结构, 分析了其平直带区域以及缺陷态的能量集中特性, 并研究了其振动能量采集特性. 首先基于超元胞法结合有限元方法分析了5 $\times$ 5完美声子晶体结构和缺陷态声子晶体结构的能带曲线和能量传输特性; 考虑点缺陷局域共振声子晶体结构的能量集中特性, 利用压电材料代替超元胞中某点的散射体材料引入点缺陷, 分析其振动能量采集特性, 结果表明单个5 $\times$ 5点缺陷超胞结构共振频带较窄; 为提升俘能效率, 提出两种由3个具有不同缺陷态数量和构型的5 $\times$ 5超元胞结构并联而成的5 $\times$ 15声子晶体板结构, 机电耦合特性分析结果表明: 所提出的局域共振型声子晶体板结构克服了单个点缺陷超胞结构缺陷模过少、共振频带过窄的局限性, 拓宽了俘能器的工作频带, 提高了输出电压; 此外, 引入不同的缺陷态数量和构型, 可以进一步拓宽俘能带宽, 实现更好的俘能效果.