Effect of chromaticity on quarter-wave retarder performance

When a polarized polychromatic beam passes through a birefringent medium, the constituent spectral components suffer different change of state of polarization. As a result when the beam passes through an analyzer, the intensity of the resultant beam changes depending on the orientation of the analyzer, state of polarization of the input beam, spectral and spatial intensity distribution of the source and the polarizing properties of the birefringent medium. In the present study the intensity variation of the resulting beam passing through a quarter-wave retarder plate is observed theoretically with the variation of the azimuthal angle of the analyzer for monochromatic and polychromatic source of light. A simple experiment is conducted to observe the intensity variation for an incandescent lamp and HeNe laser as polychromatic and monochromatic source of light passing through a birefringent polymer-based quarter-wave retarder plate. The experimentally obtained values are compared with theoretical values and a good agreement is observed.     

非球面检测中最佳入射球面波和最佳参考球面波的确定

为了能够对非球面光学元件面型进行高精度的干涉检测,提出了一种确定最佳入射球面波和最佳参考球面波的新方法。该方法通过计算分析入射球面波与非球面反射波干涉条纹密度,确定最佳入射球面波的波源位置;通过计算分析在干涉图记录平面CCD上干涉条纹的密度,确定非球面检测时参考球面波波源的最佳位置。应用该理论与方法,不仅可明确非球面检测时CCD等光路元件选型的具体策略,而且可用于指导非球面检测调试过程,并能够通过对干涉图的深入分析,获得更多被测非球面的信息。     

激光超声检测带过渡圆角平板表面缺陷的数值研究

为了研究激光激发出的超声波在带过渡圆角的金属平板上的传播规律和检测表面缺陷的方法,采用有限元法模拟了该类平板中的激光超声现象,分析了表面波在圆角区域的传播规律和与表面缺陷的作用过程。数值结果表明:激光激发出纵波、横波和Rayleigh波等,其中Rayleigh波主要存在于表面mm量级,并且在过渡圆角处发生模式转换生成了直达波R′和模式转换波R_R等多种表面波;经过过渡区域后的声波在表面缺陷处发生了反射和透射现象,通过B扫图可以检测缺陷的位置。随着缺陷深度的增加,表面波的透射系数不断减小,且透射波R_t和R_st存在0.5 μs左右的到达时间差,该时间差与缺陷深度近似成线性正相关。数值结果为激光超声检测带过渡圆角的平板表面缺陷提供了有价值的参考。     

一种测量CCD上像点精确位置的方法

本文介绍一种新的ＣＣＤ技术。同时结合光学技术、计算机采集系统，可以实现多个光点在ＣＣＤ上位置的精确测量。在硬件电路设计中，围绕８２５４计数器给出了电路原理图，并详细介绍了实现信号中点位置检测计数的方法。软件部分给出了程序框图。此外，我们已使用此方法实现了钢板表面平坦度的检测，相信它可以推广到其它应用领域。     

Simple method for simultaneous determination of the phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate

A simple method for simultaneous determination of the phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate is presented. In this method, double light path compare system is adopted to achieve better accuracy. In the main optical path, laser beam passes successively through a polarizer, a wave plate to be measured, an analyzer, and then is incident on a detector. In the reference optical path, another detector is used to monitor the fluctuation of the light source. With rotation of the wave plate, the maximum and minimum output light intensity, rotation angle of the wave plate are detected in the main light path; corresponding light intensity are simultaneously detected in the reference light path. Based on the light intensity and the rotation angle, the phase retardation and fast axis of the wave plate can be determined simultaneously. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity of apparatus, easy operation, low cost, and high accuracy. We believe that the method reported in this paper should be a useful approach to measure a wave plate without requiring any complex and expensive components.     

The improvement of the measuring level of the surface curvature based on the spot-radius of a collimated Gaussian laser beam

In this study, we propose a system for determining the curvature of a material surface by a collimated Gaussian laser beam (CGLB) as the test light source. We will demonstrate that the measuring level can be improved and the experimental procedure can be reduced. The spot-radius of the test beam is nearly a constant and it is independent of the swing of the spot intensity. The proposed system can decrease the optical path-length and has the higher sensitivity and accuracy than the test system by using a Gaussian laser beam (GLB).     

Shape Estimation of Anisometric Particles Using Size Measurement Techniques

This study was conducted to establish a simple method for evaluating the morphology of fine anisometric particles using size measurement techniques. The size distributions of mica particles and carbon fibers classified into narrower size ranges were measured by gravitational sedimentation and laser diffraction techniques. The ratio of mean diameters determined for flaky particles strongly depended on the aspect ratio, i.e. flatness. The relationship between particle shape and diameter is discussed theoretically. The experimental results were similar to those predicted. The flatness of fine particles can be evaluated by the ratio of the median diameter determined by laser diffraction to that determined by sedimentation.     

大功率YAG激光-MAG复合热源的光谱诊断与分析

大功率YAG激光-MAG复合热源具有广泛的工业应用前景,其等离子体状态的诊断对于指导复合热源发展方向、优化复合参数具有重要意义。通过建立的中空探针光谱扫描系统,采用荷兰Avaspec-FT-2快速数字光谱仪,横向扫描焊接电弧等离子体,采集YAG激光-MAG复合等离子体不同空间位置的光谱;通过计算得到其特定辐射谱段的空间分布,对比激光复合前后等离子体辐射的变化;并结合高速摄像照片,探讨其耦合机理。进一步选取特定谱线(FeⅠ),采用Boltzmann图法对复合热源等离子体的空间电子温度进行计算;研究结果表明,YAG激光-MAG电弧复合后,等离子能量更靠近熔池,集中作用于焊接试板,其能量作用区域展宽;在电弧中心区造成电子温度上升。     

Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器双光路输出分时控制系统的设计

针对现有激光器多光路加工特点,采用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器为光源,研制出激光器双光路输出分时控制系统。提出了具体的分时分光技术方案,设计出能够实现分时分光的分光装置,以及对装置的工作状态进行实时控制的分时控制电路,并确定了系统的程序流程。在不降低输出功率的前提下,实现了激光在不同时间、不同输出端口的输出,完成了分时分光。为避免因分光装置抖动而造成的光纤损坏,利用黑色相纸对光斑进行采样。结果表明：在全反镜改变位置后至激光输出,延时300 ms为最佳时间。该系统能实现激光的时分复用、动态分光,满足了多光路输出需求;而且系统的扩展能力强,能够根据实际激光加工状况,为激光加工设备的改进和升级提供思路。     

衍射光学器件光线追迹公式的实验验证

本文介绍了一种衍射光学器件光线追迹的方法，并给出了计算公式。作为验证，在实验室里制作了具有连续相位的体全息器件，将其实际再现光斑与计算点列图进行比较。构造透射体全息片的物光为离轴的球面波，始于轴外点Ａ（０，１３２ｓｉｎ８°，－１３２ｃｏｓ８°），参考光为平面光束，其与Ｚ轴夹角为１７°。激光器采用氩离子激光器（Ｓｐｅｃｔｒａ－ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓＭｏｄｅｌ２０２０），波长４８８ｎｍ；干板感光胶为重铬酸明胶（ＤＣＧ），胶层厚为１５μｍ；通光口径３０ｎｍ。测试时把全息片放在干板的位置。挡住物光，让再现光以和参考光路相同的路径平行入射到全息片上，在全息片后垂直光轴放置毛玻璃片，平行光轴移动毛玻璃片，可观察到－１级衍射光的变化。在距离原点的距离分别为（ａ）４０ｍｍ，（ｂ）７０ｍｍ，（ｃ）８７ｍｍ，（ｄ）９５ｍｍ的地方用ＣＣＤ拍摄了衍射光的形状，与程序计算的点列图在形状和大小上都吻合     

强激光间接驱动材料动态破碎过程的实验技术研究

强激光驱动加载已成为冲击波作用下材料动态破碎过程研究的一种有效手段.采用间接驱动方式,设计合适的腔型进行物理实验研究,可实现更大且更均匀的冲击加载一维区.采用数值模拟和物理实验方法,研究强激光间接驱动材料动态破碎过程的实验技术.首先,利用IRAD程序设计适用于开展动态破碎过程研究的半柱腔,其直径为2 mm、腔长为2 mm;进而通过物理实验获得此腔型下多个激光能量点、脉宽2 ns和3 ns条件下辐射峰值温度和波形;最后,利用流体模拟方法给出多种辐射波形下的冲击加载波形.利用高能X射线成像和光子多普勒干涉仪诊断给出间接驱动加载下层裂过程的物理图像和速度历史.经分析发现,间接驱动的加载一维区达到2 mm,平面性优于5%,能有效地开展相关物理实验研究.研究结果为新型柱腔设计、冲击加载技术及动态破碎过程研究提供了重要的研究基础.     

平面晶体谱仪弯曲谱线波长定标方法

为了满足激光等离子体X射线光谱测量的需要,提出了一种利用平面晶体谱仪记录得到的弯曲谱线来进行波长标定的新方法。传统的参考谱线法需要已知两条以上谱线的确切波长才能进行波长标定,而利用弯曲谱线可以在不知道任何谱线信息的情况下进行波长标定。通过对实验中所获得的铝等离子体Heα自发射谱线弯曲图像的分析,得到在目前所使用的谱仪条件下,该方法的波长定标精度可以达到2×10-4 nm。     

Über die ausschaltung eines spiegelungsproblems bei der interferometrischen absolutprüfung von ebeden und kugeln

Up to now the test for absolute flatness was only possible along straight lines. A method is proposed which overcomes the mirroring problem connected with the three plate method. This is done by combining three plates in one interferometer. One of those plates is an auxiliary plate whose deviations can be eliminated when used twice in different combinations.     

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation in passively mode-locked fiber ring laser incorporating a highly nonlinear fiber

Multiple pulses with broadband spectrum generation are experimentally obtained in passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring lasers based on nonlinear polarization rotation, which is achieved by incorporating a length of highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber in the laser cavity. The temporal and spectral dynamic behaviors of multipulse bunching states are demonstrated. The maximum spectral width and flatness are attained when the continuous-wave component is suppressed under appropriate polarization states and pump powers.     

Numerical study on reduction of the elevated structure noise by surface absorption on plate girders

With the aim to propose a reasonable and effective countermeasure for the elevated structure noise, the sound field radiated by a steel plate girder, which is the main source of the elevated structure noise, have been theoretically analysed. In the present study, steel plate girders are modelled as infinitely long elastic plate strips placed in parallel and numerical examples on the sound field radiated by the steel plate girders are shown. In the analysis of the radiated sound field, the equivalent source method is employed. Effect of the surface absorption on the sound field radiated by the girders is discussed through numerical examples. The results show that the surface absorption is effective for reduction of the radiated sound field, especially in the area that increase of sound pressure due to reflection by adjacent plate girders is observed. Furthermore, to design for reasonable countermeasure, variation of the noise reduction effect due to changing the pattern of surface absorption area on plate girders is classified.     

油气微渗漏区蚀变矿物含量与光谱之间的定量分析

油气微渗漏的地表异常表现为：地表土壤的矿物组分异常和地表土壤的光谱异常,以中国的榆林地区为研究区,以在研究区内采集的119个样本的矿物组成及反射率光谱为研究数据,对油气微渗漏造成的地表蚀变矿物碳酸盐含量与其光谱吸收峰深度、宽度等特征参数进行了相关分析,建立并评价了测定碳酸盐含量的方法,提出了利用碳酸盐含量表征油气微渗漏程度的新方法。研究结果表明,该法不仅适于表征碳酸盐类油气微渗漏程度,也适用于对其他类型的蚀变矿物油气微渗漏程度的研究,因此可为利用高光谱遥感的光谱信息进行油气勘探的技术研究提供借鉴。     

A new spectral calibration method for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Spectral calibration is important for a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system. A new spectral calibration method for FD-OCT is presented. Through the iterated mapping of spectral interferograms detected by an optical spectrum analyzer and the CCD grating spectrometer, multiple groups of calibration coefficients are obtained. By comparing the effects of these coefficients on improving the amplitude of the axial point spread function (PSF), optimum coefficients are obtained. In this method, no additional calibration laser source is needed, reducing the complexity of the system. The cross-sectional images of a glass plate in milk are acquired, and the experimental results indicate that the axial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are effectively improved with the proposed spectral calibration method.     

利用地表土壤的反射光谱勘探油气的方法研究

反射光谱分析提供了一种高效和低成本的鉴别物质成分和结构的方法,油气微渗漏理论则建立了油气藏与其上部地表特定蚀变之间的因果关系,因此,可以通过检测地表蚀变的反射光谱来勘探油气。野外实地测量和高光谱遥感均能够实现反射光谱的检测。文章首先提出了典型含气区测点的光谱曲线的宏观特征;然后,给出了一种基于野外测量的反射光谱来确定特定蚀变的地表分布(即分类)的方法。将本方法应用于青海××地区野外测量的反射光谱的分析中,得到的蚀变异常区与该地区的已有气田成功吻合。本方法的鲁棒性实验表明,当分类过程中选用不同的参数组合(例如：分类样本,研究波段范围和相似度阈值)时,均能得到较好的分类结果。为该地区进行中的Hyperion高光谱遥感油气勘探项目提供了有效的分类样本和参考算法。     

Effect of cavity length detuning on the output characteristics for the middle infrared FEL oscillator of FELiChEM

FELiChEM is an infrared free electron laser(FEL) facility currently under construction, which consists of two oscillators generating middle-infrared and far-infrared laser covering the spectral range of 2.5–200 μm. In this paper, we numerically study the output characteristics of the middle-infrared oscillator with accurate cavity length detuning. Emphasis is put on the temporal structure of the micropulse and the corresponding spectral bandwidth.Taking the radiation wavelengths of 50 μm and 5 μm as examples, we show that the output pulse duration can be tuned in the range of 1–6 ps with corresponding bandwidth of 13%–0.2% by adjusting the cavity length detuning.In addition, a special discussion on the comb structure is presented, and it is indicated that the comb structure may arise in the output optical pulse when the normalized slippage length is much smaller than unity. This work has reference value for the operation of FELiChEM and other FEL oscillators.     

双色激光场对氢原子高次谐波的影响

为了深入研究高次谐波产生的多光子过程,使用劈裂算符结合拟谱的方法对氢原子在双色强激光场中的高次谐波辐射作了数值模拟计算,结果显示,当附加一适当双色激光场时,高次谐波谱的平台区大幅提高和展宽.根据计算结果提出的混合跃迁道理论,成功解释了高次谐波谱所呈现的细节特征.