考虑自动驾驶仪二阶动态与输入受限的制导律设计

在输入受限情形下,为了提高导弹拦截机动目标的拦截概率和毁伤效果,首先,建立了同时考虑攻击角约束、输入受限和导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性的制导系统模型。其次,基于动态面技术、低通滤波器和自适应技术,设计了满足攻击角约束、输入受限和自动驾驶动态特性的自适应动态面制导律,通过引入辅助系统和新型自适应算法,不仅满足执行器物理受限的要求,同时也保证了自适应参数在系统动态过程中的有界性。最后,利用李雅普诺夫理论对整个闭环系统的稳定性给出了严格的理论证明,仿真获得的脱靶量和拦截时间分别为0.831 m和16.375 s,仿真结果表明所提出制导策略的有效性。     

带落角约束的多导弹分布式协同制导律

为实现多枚导弹协同攻击机动目标,基于具有推力可控能力的导弹,提出了一种带落角约束的多导弹分布式协同制导律。将制导律的设计分离为视线方向和视线法向上两个部分:视线方向上基于多智能体协同控制理论和超螺旋控制算法,设计制导律控制导弹剩余时间在有限时间内趋于一致;视线法向上运用零化视线角速率思想和有限时间滑模控制理论,设计制导律控制导弹击中目标的同时满足落角约束。并针对两部分制导律中存在的目标机动信息,分别设计非齐次干扰观测器进行估计。仿真结果表明,提出的制导律能够有效完成协同攻击任务,脱靶量和落角误差分别控制在0.13 m和0.02°以内,并且有效抑制了抖振现象,有利于提高导弹自动驾驶仪的跟踪精度。     

拦截高超声速飞行器的三维有限时间制导律设计

由于高超声速飞行器具有飞行速度快、机动能力强等特点,因此,传统的制导方式难以保证拦截弹拦截高超声速飞行器时的制导精度。为了减小弹目相对速度,降低对拦截弹的过载能力要求,按照前向制导方式,设计了有限时间收敛的三维前向滑模制导律。该制导律采用了连续的快速双幂次趋近律,不仅保证收敛速度快,同时削弱了传统制导律中存在的抖振现象。在此基础上为了处理系统扰动的上界未知的问题,又设计了自适应滑模制导律,该制导律既可以处理未知上界的外部扰动又可以保证第一种制导律所具有的良好特性。运用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对所设计的滑模制导律进行了理论证明,最后,通过数值仿真验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

具有攻击角约束的非奇异终端滑模导引律设计

为了满足导弹拦截高速大机动目标时高精度制导的需求,首先对二维平面内的弹目相对运动方程进行状态扩张,对于影响制导性能的目标总扰动采用了扩张状态观测器的方法进行动态补偿。然后在非奇异终端滑模面的基础上选取了两种滑模趋近律,设计了两种具有攻击角约束的非奇异终端滑模导引律。最后数值仿真结果表明,在观测器对扩张系统状态进行实时有效估计的前提下,针对不同的期望视线角和目标机动方式,所设计的两种导引律在满足期望的性能要求的同时,可实现导弹对目标的高精度快速打击。     

有界控制导弹攻击防御性飞机的制导律

为提高攻击导弹同时面对目标飞机及其防御导弹情况下的命中概率,基于微分对策理论,对攻击导弹的制导律进行了设计。应对独立控制的多对象博弈问题,微分对策理论具有天然的优势,且相比于最优制导律,微分对策制导律对于目标机动估计误差和机动策略具有更强的鲁棒性。所推导的微分对策制导律进一步考虑了攻击导弹的控制有界性,且适用于攻击导弹、目标飞机和防御导弹具有高阶线性控制系统动态的情形。为验证制导律性能,进行了非线性系统仿真,结果表明该制导律在成功归避防御导弹的同时可实现趋于零脱靶量的目标拦截。攻击导弹为实现规避和攻击的双重任务,仅需要保持相比于防御导弹两倍左右的机动优势。     

多导弹攻击时间协同的滑模制导律

针对多导弹攻击时间协同的高价值或大型目标攻击问题,基于滑模控制方法,提出了一种非奇异的滑模制导律,并设计了一种适用于机动目标的导弹剩余飞行时间估计方法。通过对滑模制导律切换控制部分的合理设计,保证了系统的Lyapunov稳定性,且避免了滑模面的收敛和保持受到弹道收敛的影响总是可达的。适用于机动目标的剩余飞行时间估计方法采用虚拟目标的设计思路,将目标加速度和速度对弹目相对运动关系的影响投影到弹目视线方向上,从而实现目标的虚拟静止。针对目标固定、非机动和机动三种情况,进行了多枚导弹飞行时间协同攻击的数字仿真。仿真结果表明所估计的剩余飞行时间可以快速收敛到真值,且误差趋近于零。所设计的多导弹攻击时间协同滑模制导律在完成目标攻击的同时,实现了导弹间在攻击时间上的协同。     

带有攻击角约束的多导弹协同制导律

针对带有攻击角约束的多导弹同时攻击机动目标问题,提出了一种带有攻击角约束的协同制导律。首先基于平面内的导弹-目标相对运动方程,建立了带有攻击角约束的协同制导模型;其次,把协同制导律的设计过程分离为两个部分:一是基于图论的有关内容,运用有限时间一致性理论设计沿着视线方向上的加速度指令来保证所有导弹与目标的相对距离在有限时间内到达一致,进而保证所有的导弹同时击中机动目标;二是利用非齐次干扰观测器对机动目标的加速度进行估计,并运用滑模控制设计视线法向上的加速度指令来保证每枚导弹与目标间的视线角速率收敛到零和视线角收敛到期望的终端视线角,即每枚导弹以期望的终端视线角成功击中目标;最后,对三枚导弹同时打击同一机动目标的情况进行仿真,仿真结果表明本文设计的带有攻击角约束的协同制导律的有效性和正确性。     

航天器编队系统相对位置自适应分布式控制

针对具有参数不确定性以及外部扰动的航天器编队飞行队形跟踪控制问题,基于反步控制策略提出了一种能够实现控制有界的自适应编队控制方法。首先建立航天器相对运动的非线性动力学方程,在不考虑外部干扰情况下,利用饱和函数设计了输入有界的自适应协同控制器;之后进一步考虑存在外部干扰的情况,通过估计扰动上界设计了鲁棒自适应协同控制器,并且采用Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了控制系统的稳定性。数值仿真结果表明,提出的控制方法能够满足控制受限并实现航天器队形的协同控制,同时在大约100 s误差收敛到0附近,队形跟踪和队形保持的稳态误差分别小于0.002 m和0.005 m。     

双导弹拦截角度协同的微分对策制导律

为提高命中高价值目标的概率,基于线性二次型微分对策理论,对两枚导弹协同拦截单个目标的制导律进行了研究。单枚导弹在最小化自身脱靶量的同时,与另一枚导弹实现拦截角度上的协同,从而构成特定的拦截态势,以提高拦截机动目标的性能和末制导尾端对目标的可观测性。所推导的微分对策制导律考虑到了对策三方的控制系统动态,且具有解析解,形式上为零控脱靶量和零控协同拦截角误差的线性组合。基于推导结果完成了微分对策制导律的制导增益和对策空间分析,给出了鞍点解的存在条件,并进行了分析。非线性系统仿真结果表明由于导弹间存在显式的协同关系,拦截目标所需的加速度较低,且在设定的协同拦截角度收敛后,加速度会进一步减小。     

一种带有末端弹体姿态角约束的非线性制导律

针对带有末端多约束的三维非线性制导问题,设计了一种通用模型预测静态规划制导算法。该制导算法通过向后迭代求解权矩阵微分方程对控制量进行更新,将动态优化问题转化为静态优化问题,计算效率得以提高。阐述了通用模型预测静态规划制导算法的基本原理,详细给出了基于通用模型预测静态规划算法的制导律设计过程。所设计的制导律满足末端法向加速度约束,因此,间接满足末端弹体姿态角约束。仿真时考虑目标的机动方式和落角约束,仿真结果表明,末端位移偏差小于0.5 m,末端落角可控制在0.01°范围内,末端法向加速度小于0.01 m/s2,该制导律能够很好地满足末端位移、落角和法向加速度约束。     

Some aspects of control systems as dynamical systems

Linear control semigroupsL=Gl(d,R) are associated with semilinear control systems of the form whereA:R ^m gl(d,R) is continuous in some open set containingU. The semigroupL then corresponds to the solutions with piecewise constant controls, i.e., L acts in a natural way onR ^d {0}, on the sphereS ^d–1, and on the projective spaceP ^d–1. Under the assumption that the group generated byL in Gl(d,R) acts transitively onP ^d–1, we analyze the control structure of the action ofL onP ^d–1: We characterize the sets inP ^d–1, where the system is controllable (the control sets) using perturbation theory of eigenvalues and (generalized) eigenspaces of the matrices g L For nonlinear control systems on finitedimensional manifoldsM, we study the linearization on the tangent bundleTM and the projective bundleP M via the theory of Morse decompositions, to obtain a characterization of the chain-recurrent components of the control flow onU×PM. These components correspond uniquely to the chain control sets onP M, and they induce a subbundle decomposition ofU×TM. These results are used to characterize the chain control sets ofL acting onP ^d–1 and to compare the control sets and chain control sets.Research supported in part by NSF Grant DMS 8813976 and DFG Grant Co 124/6-1.     

结构振动的非线性控制及其试验研究

本文分析了结构振动控制系统的特点，提出了一种结构振动的非线性离散控制方案，该方案仅利用受控结构的输出信号，实现容易，对结构参数变化具有一定的鲁棒性，本文还建立了一套具有浮点运算功能的结构振动计算机控制装置，并就某受控结进行了试验，试验表明，该非线性控制方案是可行的，理论结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性。     

Model-Based Feedback Control of Acoustic Radiation from Vibrating Structures by Means of Structural Control

In this work, it is investigated how classical techniques of linear feedback control design can be applied to the problem of the reduction of acoustic radiation from vibrating structures for cases where the disturbance is broadband and where no reference is available. Much of the work carried out to date in the field of active noise and vibration control has concentrated on applications where either the disturbance to be cancelled is periodic (propeller noise in aircraft,...) or a reference signal, highly correlated with the disturbance, is available (air conditioning duct noise,...) such that a feedforward control approach can be used. When the disturbance is broadband and where no reference is available, feedforward control cannot be used and feedback control must instead be used. Feedback control theory is well established and a vast amount of analytical tools are available to the feedback control designer. However, due to the inherent delays associated with the propagation of sound waves, feedback control of acoustic fields is prone to being unstable. In this paper, a controller is presented which feeds back a measure of the structural response (vibration) of the system in order to determine the control force that needs to be applied to the vibrating structure in order to reduce the total acoustic energy radiated by the vibrating structure. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

石英挠性加速度计二元调宽数字脉冲控制系统的研制

本文介绍了石英挠性加速度计二元调宽数字脉冲控制系统的研制及其应用。提出了通过提高系统采样频率来抑制石英挠性加速度计摆片摆幅，从而最大限度地减小其疲劳强度的方法。并基于这一思想设计了石英挠性加速度计二元调宽数字脉冲控制模型，对模型进行了模拟仿真，证明该方案是合理可行的。其已成功地应用于各新型导航产品中     

Control of chaotic oscillations of a satellite

Analytical conditions and practical methods of their realization are proposed to solve a problem of a command signal tracking for a nonlinear disturbed system.Non- linear disturbed plants consisting of linear dynamic block and nonlinear block in feedback are considered.Nonlinear part of the plant and disturbance are unknown and bounded. The paper illustrates a possibility of applications of proposed algorithms to control libra- tion angle of satellite.     

复杂动态网络控制研究进展

研究复杂网络结构性质与模型的主要目的之一就是为了了解网络结构与网络功能之间的关系,并在此基础上考虑改善网络性能的有效途径.综述了近年关于利用分布式控制的方法使得一个动态网络具有期望行为的一些研究进展.对于具有固定和连通的拓扑结构的复杂动态网络,牵制控制策略的有效性与网络拓扑密切相关.综述了牵制控制的可行性、稳定性分析以及控制策略比较研究. 另一方面,对于具有时变拓扑结构的动态网络的控制,着重综述了移动多自主体网络系统的蜂拥控制,并特别阐述了如何把牵制控制的思想用于蜂拥控制.      

压电智能结构模糊自学习控制(FSLC)

将模糊逻辑与学习控制的基本思想相结合,根据控制系统的动态输出特性,采用模糊控制对学习控制律中的参数进行实时校正,实现系统的动态学习过程,提出了一种适用于压电智能结构振动控制的模糊自学控制方法FSLC（FuzzySelf-LearningContr01）。分别采用三维8节点实体单元（Solid45）和耦合单元模拟主结构和压电致动器／传感器,基于ANSYS参数化语言编写了压电智能结构振动控制分析的有限元程序。通过数值仿真证明了模糊自学习控制方法能有效控制压电结构的振动,并提高了自学习控制的收敛速度和获得了很好的控制效果。     

Numerical study comparing RANS and LES approaches on a circulation control airfoil

A numerical study over a nominally two-dimensional circulation control airfoil is performed using a large-eddy simulation code and two Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes codes. Different Coanda jet blowing conditions are investigated. In addition to investigating the influence of grid density, a comparison is made between incompressible and compressible flow solvers. The incompressible equations are found to yield negligible differences from the compressible equations up to at least a jet exit Mach number of 0.64. The effects of different turbulence models are also studied. Models that do not account for streamline curvature effects tend to predict jet separation from the Coanda surface too late, and can produce non-physical solutions at high blowing rates. Three different turbulence models that account for streamline curvature are compared with each other and with large eddy simulation solutions. All three models are found to predict the Coanda jet separation location reasonably well, but one of the models predicts specific flow field details near the Coanda surface prior to separation much better than the other two. All Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations produce higher circulation than large eddy simulation computations, with different stagnation point location and greater flow acceleration around the nose onto the upper surface. The precise reasons for the higher circulation are not clear, although it is not solely a function of predicting the jet separation location correctly.     

Adaptive robust fuzzy control for a class of uncertain chaotic systems

In this paper, the output feedback control of uncertain chaotic systems is addressed via an adaptive robust fuzzy approach. Fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate uncertain nonlinear functions in the chaotic systems. Because only partial information of the system’s states is needed to be known, an observer is given to estimate the unmeasured states. Compared with the existing results in the observer design, the prior knowledge on dynamic uncertainties is relaxed and a class of more general chaotic systems is considered as well as robustness to the approximation error is improved. It can be proven that the closed-loop system is stable in the sense that all the variables are bounded. Simulation example for the unified chaotic systems is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60874056) and the Foundation of Educational Department of Liaoning Province (2008312).     

Design of bounded feedback controls for linear dynamical systems by using common Lyapunov functions

For a linear dynamical system, we address the problem of devising a bounded feedback control, which brings the system to the origin in finite time. The construction is based on the notion of a common Lyapunov function. It is shown that the constructed control remains effective in the presence of small perturbations.