CO2和C2H4光催化合成丙烯酸的Cu/ZnO-TiO2催化剂

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了金属负载的复合型固体材料Cu/ZnO TiO2,并用X射线衍射、透射电子显微术、BET比表面测试、红外吸收光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱以及光催化反应等实验技术对固体材料的表面结构、光响应性能、化学吸附性能以及光反应性能进行了表征和评价.实验结果表明,制得的固体材料粒径约为10nm,晶体结构以锐钛矿型TiO2 为主; ZnO和TiO2 复合后部分地形成了Zn-O-Ti键联,提高了对250~400nm光的吸收强度;金属Cu的负载扩展了材料在可见光范围的吸收,且使其紫外吸收限发生蓝移;反应物在固体材料表面的吸附态是影响光反应结果的主要因素; CO2 卧式吸附态和C2H4 非解离双点吸附态是光合成丙烯酸的有效吸附态,100℃以下合成丙烯酸的选择性大于87%.     

LDA侧面泵浦固体激光器泵浦结构参数优化

为LDA侧面泵浦Nd∶YAG棒状固体激光器的优化设计、参数选取及后续试验提供了理论依据和参考,建立了环形侧面泵浦棒状介质泵浦光场分布数值计算模型,研究了LDA侧面泵浦固体Nd∶YAG激光器泵浦光场的分布特点。模拟分析了LDA的bar间距、玻璃管厚度、激光晶体半径等几个主要泵浦结构参数对泵浦光场分布的影响。通过对不同泵浦参数下泵浦光分布特性的数值计算,优化了LDA侧面泵浦固体激光器的泵浦结构参数,优化后的仿真结果表明:在泵浦距离为2 mm条件下,晶体直径为4 mm,玻璃管套筒厚度为1 mm,冷却水层厚度为1 mm时,泵浦光在晶体中心处强度相对值为40.8%,在晶体轴心附近分布比较均匀,且均匀分布区域相对较大。     

负载型复合半导体MoO3-TiO2/SiO2的结构与吸光性能

采用表面改性法制备了负载型复合半导体材料MoO3TiO2/SiO2,用X射线衍射、比表面测定、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外可见漫反射等技术对固体材料的结构进行了表征,并从固体材料的光响应性能和化学吸附性能方面进行了评价.结果表明,MoO3TiO2/SiO2表面存在着高度分散的MoO3和TiO2微晶,它们之间有一定的复合和键联作用,形成了Mo-O-Ti键;MoO3TiO2/SiO2复合材料表面对丙烷分子有化学吸附性能,Mo=O键上的端氧是C3H8的活性吸附位;与本体MoO3和TiO2相比,复合后MoO3TiO2/SiO2的能隙值有所增加,在紫外光区的吸光强度也明显加强,使得光生载流子的复合效率得到抑制,并产生了一定的量子尺度效应.     

电子、X光和固体的相互作用(Ⅰ)

近十多年来,随着透射电镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、俄歇电子谱仪、X光电子谱仪等现代分析仪器的蓬勃发展,电子、X光和固体的相互作用的研究获得了有力的推动,取得了新的进展,得到了更广泛的应用. 电子、X光和固体的作用内容很广,本文要讨论的是上述分析仪器中经常出现的物理过程,主要是电子、X光和固体中原子或集体运动(晶格振动、等离子振荡)之间的元散射过程,固体被激发以后的弛豫过程(X光发射及俄歇电子发散等)。 一、原子的能级和固体的能带 为了下面讨论的需要,先介绍原子能级和固体能带的有关概念。 原子中电子的能级可以用相对论量子…     

全光固体条纹相机的理论及其静态实验研究

全光固体条纹相机采用空间调制抽运光激发平板波导光偏转器,通过精确控制抽运光和信号光之间的时间延迟,实现对入射到波导芯层信号光的偏转扫描.它能有效解决传统变像管条纹相机因空间电荷效应造成的动态范围降低以及光电阴极材料在红外波段探测受限等问题,且结构简单,系统稳定性高,理论时间分辨率可达皮秒甚至亚皮秒量级.本文围绕全光固体条纹相机的核心部件—–AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs平板波导光偏转器,研究了在带填充效应、带隙收缩效应以及自由载流子吸收效应作用下GaAs折射率的变化情况;在GaAs折射率变化达到0.01量级,信号光束斑大小和波导宽度之比p=0.5时,得到系统的理论时间分辨率为2 ps;按照静态实验条件求得的理论空间分辨率为17 lp/mm,实验结果显示其值为9 lp/mm.     

固体激光光折变自适应光外差探测技术研究

依据光折变晶体中自抽运与互抽运相位共轭共存的特性，提出了一种新型的光折变自适应光外差探测系统，并利用相干性较差的固体激光器进行了自适应光外差探测的实验研究。该系统具有结构简单、干扰和外差探测灵敏度高等优点，在光通信、激光雷达等许多领域内都具有重要的实用价值。     

斑蝥素及其衍生物的谱学研究

研究了斑蝥素、去甲斑蝥素以及去甲斑蝥酸钠结构的光波谱特征,为控制该原料和产品的质量提供依据,并对用喷雾干燥法制备的去甲斑蝥酸-壳聚糖固体分散体的红外光谱进行分析研究. 通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱手段对各化合物进行结构分析. 样品斑蝥素、 去甲斑蝥素、去甲斑蝥酸钠及去甲斑蝥酸-壳聚糖固体分散体的光波谱均符合其结构特征. 研究表明紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱是确定已知化合物结构的有效手段,可为斑蝥素衍生物的原料及产品提供定性定量依据.     

单个激光二极管对称侧向抽运的固体激光器

采用一种半导体激光器侧向抽运的固体激光器新结构，可将一个半导体激光器的输出光分成四部分，从四面对称耦合到激光棒中，从而实现比较均匀的抽运。模拟计算了这种对称抽运结构中激光棒对侧面抽运光的吸收过程，得到了激光棒介质的吸收系数和直径等参量对激光棒内抽运光能量分布均匀性和能量吸收率的影响规律，并在此基础上对相关参量进行了优化。这种方案结构简单紧凑，很容易获得高光束质量的高功率固体激光输出。采用这种抽运结构制成了新颖的激光头，初步实验结果良好，表明该结构确实可行。     

Compton散射下固体温度变化对光声信号强度的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了固体温度变化对光声信号强度的影响。结果表明,在Compton散射光和入射光形成的耦合光强度和频率不变时,随固体温度的升高,光声信号强度非线性迅速增强;固体温度不变时,随耦合激光强度和频率的增大,光声信号强度几乎趋于0。     

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应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了固体温度变化对光声信号强度的影响。结果表明,在Compton散射光和入射光形成的耦合光强度和频率不变时,随固体温度的升高,光声信号强度非线性迅速增强;固体温度不变时,随耦合激光强度和频率的增大,光声信号强度几乎趋于0。     

固体和熔融碱金属碳酸盐的Raman光谱研究

用高温共焦显微激光 Raman光谱仪测定了不同温度下固体和熔融态的碳酸钠、碳酸锂以及不同成份的固态和液态 Li2 CO3- Na2 CO3混合物的 Raman光谱图 ,分析了 Na+和 Li+对碳酸根离子作用力的变化。根据 CO32 -对称伸缩振动模的波数移动情况 ,在固态混合物中也发现了混合效应     

碱金属碳酸盐的拉曼光谱研究

报导了用高温激光Raman光谱仪测定了不同温度 (至 1 2 73K)下固体和熔融态的Li2 CO3、Na2 CO3和K2 CO3的Raman光谱 ,分析了CO2 -3 对称伸缩振动模随温度升高的波数移动情况和半高宽的变化 ,结合前人的振动光谱和X射线测试结果以及分子动力学模拟工作 ,讨论了碳酸盐熔体的结构特征 ,以及不同的碱金属离子对碳酸根离子的振动造成的不同影响     

Vibrational Assignment of 2-Benzoyl Pyridine and its 18O Labelled Isomer

Abstract

Vibrational spectra of 2-benzoyl pyridine and 2-benzoyl pyridine-¹⁸O have been recorded in the solid and molten state in the infrared (4000–100 cm^?1) and in the Raman (4000–50 cm^?1). Polarized Raman spectra in the molten state have also been measured. The assignment of the vibrational bands is performed using the group vibrational concept, isotopic shifts and polarization features of the normal modes.     

熔盐对Li+/Na+离子交换及折射率分布的影响

研究发现利用Li⁺/Na⁺离子交换制取径向梯度折射率(GRIN)棒透镜时,在NaNO₃熔盐中,添加NaCl,会影响Li⁺/Na⁺离子交换反应平衡,最终改变径向GRIN棒透镜的折射率分布、折射率差值及像差.并着重分析和讨论了在本实验中NaNO₃+NaCl混合熔盐对径向GRIN棒透镜中折射率分布、数值孔径及像差的影响机理.     

钠氟石温致结构变化的拉曼光谱研究

本文测定了钠氟石(NaF·2CaO·SiO2)的常温拉曼光谱, 并运用Dmol3密度泛函(DFT) 理论对其晶体中主要结构单元的简正振动模式进行了计算。通过实验值与计算值的比较, 确定了其特征峰的归属。同时, 采用高温拉曼光谱仪原位实测了钠氟石在不同的升温速率下的变温拉曼光谱。研究表明, 钠氟石在缓慢升温过程中会分解成NaF和Ca2SiO4; 快升至熔点附近, 熔化成液态, 快冷至室温, 仍分解成β- Ca2SiO4。     

Phase‐specific Raman analysis of n‐alkane melting by moving‐window two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy

We use moving‐window two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (MW‐2DCOS) for phase‐specific Raman analysis of the n‐alkane (C₂₁H₄₄) during melting from the crystalline solid phase to the intermediate rotator phase and to the amorphous molten phase. In MW‐2DCOS, individual peak‐to‐peak correlation analysis within a small subset of spectra provides both temperature‐resolved and spectrally disentangled Raman assignments conducive to understanding phase‐specific molecular interactions and chain configurations. We demonstrate that autocorrelation MW‐2DCOS can determine the phase transition temperatures with a higher resolving power than commonly used analysis methods including individual peak intensity analysis or principal component analysis. Besides the enhanced temperature resolving power, we demonstrate that asynchronous 2DCOS near the orthorhombic‐to‐rotator transition temperature can spectrally resolve the two overlapping peaks embedded in the Raman CH₂ twisting band in the orthorhombic phase, which had been only predicted but not observed because of thermal broadening near the melting temperature. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

MAS NMR studies of nanoporous matrices filled with sodium nitrite

The sodium nitrite NaNO2 incorporated into MCM-41 molecular sieves with pore sizes of 20, 26, and 37 Å has been investigated by 23Na magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the structure of the crystalline phase of the nitrite in a confined geometry is similar to the structure of bulk nitrite NaNO2. The direct proof of the diffuse melting of sodium nitrite in the pores has been obtained. The NMR signal of the molten sodium nitrite phase has been observed at temperatures close to the completion of the melting.     

Raman and point contact current-voltage characterization of laser-induced diffusion in GaAs

Raman scattering and point contact current-voltage (PCIV) measurements were used as characterization tools of tin-diffused GaAs layers. Diffusion was induced by irradiating GaAs substrates covered with thin tin layers single pulses of a ruby laser. Samples processed with the lowest energies show strong damage and incomplete electrical activation as deduced from Raman and PCIV measurements, respectively. Raman microprobe in depth analysis and PCIV profiles also suggest the presence of a damaged region with incomplete electrical activation at the boundary between the molten layer and the solid substrate.     

Vibrational Spectra of 4-Benzoylpiridine and the 18O Substituted Derivative

Abstract

Infrared and Raman spectra of 4-benzoylpiridine (4BP) and its ¹⁸O substituted derivative have been recorded in the solid and in the molten state. Polarized Raman spectra in the molten state have also been measured. The assignment of the vibrational bands is performed on the basis of isotopic shifts, group vibrational concept and polarization features of the normal modes. The previous assignment of the in- and out-of-plane deformations of the carbonyl group and the fundamentals below 700 cm^?1 are questioned and corrected.     

Novel broken symmetry phase from N(2)O at high pressures and high temperatures

Simple molecular solids become unstable at high pressures, typically transforming to dense framework and/or metallic structures. We report formation of an unusual ionic solid NO(+)NO(3)(-) (nitrosonium nitrate) from N(2)O at pressures above 20 GPa and temperatures above 1000 K. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction indicates that the compound crystallizes with a structure related to the aragonite form of CaCO(3) and NaNO(3). Raman and infrared spectroscopic data indicate that the structure is noncentrosymmetric and exhibits a strong pressure dependent charge transfer and orientational order.