横观各向同性体应力波传播问题的特征分析

本文根据广义特征理论，对横观各向同性体轴对称弹性波传播问题进行了理论分析。提出了一个简化特征分析的方法，这种方法将成为应用特征线法求解种类各向异性应力波问题的一个突破口。     

特征线法在三维弹／粘塑性波数值解析中的应用

根据广义特征理论建立了求解三维非线性应力波传播问题的特征关系式，并采用特征线法对纵向冲击载荷下弹／粘塑性矩形截面棒的三维应力波传播过程进行了数值模拟。     

固体中的非线性波

一、引言波的传播问题是物理学中的经典理论问题。从17世纪至今人们逐渐认识了各种类型的波。这些波的区别主要源于它们赖以传播的介质性质和具体问题条件的不同。在固体中传播的波通常称为应力波。于是,应力波的特征就依赖于固体的力学性质、几何形状和波源等条件的特征。人们最早认识的是各种弹性波,到十九世纪,弹性波的理论与实验研究有很大的发展,并大致形成了一个完整的理论体系,这是因为弹性理论的基本定      

隧道表面爆破地震波的产生机制及传播特征

为了研究隧道表面爆破地震波的产生机制及传播规律,提出了隧道表面爆破振动平面应变理论模型,得到了隧道表面爆破振动场积分形式解;以龙南隧道爆破工程为背景,建立了有限元数值模型,通过现场测试验证了数值模拟与理论解答的准确性;提出了基于高分辨率Radon变换的隧道爆破地震波波场分离方法,结合理论解析与数值模拟得到了P波、S波、R波的传播特征,最后综合理论结果与波场分离结果提出了隧道爆破地震波作用分区。结果表明：隧道爆破产生P波、S波,R波在自由面迅速发育,3类波呈现指数衰减特征,S波衰减快于P波快于R波。随着爆心距的增大,垂直方向主要成分由S波转变为R波,水平方向主要成分由S波转变为P波,P波转变为R波。Ⅳ级围岩工况下,隧道爆破地震波作用分区为：隧道轴向距掌子面0～6.44 m为爆破近区,主导波型为水平S波;6.44～21.23 m为爆破中区,主导波型为水平P波;21.23 m外为爆破远区,主导波型为垂直R波。爆破分区分界点与单段最大药量呈线性关系,可通过爆破药量得到隧道爆破分区位置,用于隧道安全稳定性分析。     

弹性波传播理论一些问题的研究现状和展望

本文简要地阐述了弹性波传播的一些基本理论,如位移势,表现定理及特征线理论等,并评述了两个领域内的问题。一为无限介质,半无限介质及层状介质中波的传播问题,重点在于地震波传播问题的解法。另一个领域为弹性波的绕射和散射。这一问题在动断裂、无损探伤及地震学中有重要的应用。评迷的重点是解题方法。 对本学科将来的发展也作了展望。认为反问题,随机波理论和在新技术领域中的应用是发展方向。在不少工程领域中的应用将越来越多地不能局限在弹性波范围内     

使用时间插值的特征线法在光滑粒子法拉氏边界条件中的应用

在计算流体动力学的实际应用中无反射边界条件是一个重要的研究课题. 文中应用时间插值的特征线方法构造了一种新式的拉氏边界条件,并应用在光滑粒子法中. 该方法与使用特征线方法的欧拉边界条件方法相比,不需要区分超声速和亚声速流的不同,并且在入流和出流中具有相同的形式,因而更加简便易行. 数值结果表明,采用时间插值特征线法的拉氏边界条件方法在稀疏波、激波以及爆轰波的模拟中都能够得到较好的无反射效果.      

瞬态波在层合板中传播的粘弹比拟法

本文发展了粘弹比拟理论,并将之用于求解半无限空间三层复合材料在垂直层合方向传播的瞬态波问题。对于层合板中应力波的传播问题,寻找到了一等效粘弹体,并用一种较好的Laplace变换的数值反演法求得了等效松弛函数和其它一些必要的辅助函数。用特征线法求得了等效粘弹体的应力和速度,进而得到了三层复合材料中心的应力、速度,进一步就得到了层中任意点的应力和速度。对于一个可由精确理论(射线理论)给出计算结果的问题,将粘弹比拟理论的结果和射线理论的结果进行了比较,结果表明,粘弹比拟理论对三层复合材料的瞬态波传播问题是相当成功的。     

计算气动声学的问题、方法与进展

本文简要介绍了气动声学理论的发展和现状，探讨了用数值方法处理气动声学问题的必要性和必然性，指出此方面研究急待解决的问题是建立准确模拟波运动特征的差分方程和无反射边界条件处理，最后讨论了在有限条件下可作先行研究的数值方法和理论问题．     

三维热弹性应力波传播问题的数值分析

为求解三维动态热弹性问题提出了一种基于特征线法的数值方法，并对矩形截面的热弹性棒在冲击载荷和热冲击作用下的三维应力波传播过程进行了数值模拟。     

ICE自由面台阶靶数据处理的直接计算方法

斜波压缩台阶靶实验中,不同厚度界面粒子速度历史与材料压缩特性参数存在联系。然而利用普遍采用的数据处理方法无法直接获得该联系。本文中借助特征线理论在建立上述关联的基础上,实现未知EOS下斜波压缩流场的直接计算过程。经数值计算表明,该方法不仅在无强度效应数据处理中能够准确计算理论值,而且在含有强度效应数据处理中也能够较好地逼近理论值,并可在真实实验数据处理中获得与文献符合较好的结果。该研究可为探索具有较完整理论的强度效应数据处理方法提供新途径。     

川藏公路地质环境与整治改建方案的思考

川藏公路由于地质环境复杂、建设标准低、后遗病害多,抗灾能力差,泥石流、滑坡、山崩、雪害、水毁等自然灾害频繁发生,公路阻车断道严重。国家投入巨资进行整治改建,并取得了明显的效果,但由于自然环境特殊、影响因素复杂,许多特大型、大型工程地质病害问题还没有可行、可靠的解决方案。本文通过分析川藏公路沿线的地质环境和灾害特点,总结历年整治改建和经验的教训,提出川藏公路建设的途径、可能达到的目标和应采用的原则。     

Singularities on wave fronts of slow waves in anisotropic fluid-saturated porous media

Energy focusing is found on the wave fronts of slow waves, which is a new propagation characteristic for slow waves in fluid-saturated porous materials. The material parameters, as well as the propagation directions, are chosen as the control parameters. Combined with the two axial variables, the influence of the anisotropy of the solid skeleton and pore fluid parameters on the propagation characteristic of slow waves in anisotropic fluid-saturated porous materials is discussed. The correspondence between the focusing on the wave fronts and the contours of zero Gaussian curvature on the slowness surface is explored. The development of the focusing patterns is investigated and the distinct trends in the energy flux focusing structures are revealed. This is helpful in further understanding the roles of the pore fluid in the damage of the fluid-saturated porous media.     

微结构固体中钟型与扭结孤立波的演化

根据Mindlin理论和Murnaghan模型,首先建立了描述耗散、频散及非线性微结构固体中一维纵波传播的一种简单模型.然后利用有限差分方法,数值模拟了微结构效应对钟型与扭结孤立波演化的影响. 结果表明,随着微结构效应的减弱,钟型孤立波的幅度衰减以及非对称特征变得越来越明显;随着微结构效应的增强,扭结孤立波顶部出现的“帽子”状变化以及由此产生的非对称特征变得越来越明显.      

Shear wave dispersion and attenuation in periodic systems of alternating solid and viscous fluid layers

The attenuation and dispersion of elastic waves in fluid-saturated rocks due to the viscosity of the pore fluid is investigated using an idealized exactly solvable example of a system of alternating solid and viscous fluid layers. Waves in periodic layered systems at low frequencies are studied using an asymptotic analysis of Rytov’s exact dispersion equations. Since the wavelength of shear waves in fluids (viscous skin depth) is much smaller than the wavelength of shear or compressional waves in solids, the presence of viscous fluid layers necessitates the inclusion of higher terms in the long-wavelength asymptotic expansion. This expansion allows for the derivation of explicit analytical expressions for the attenuation and dispersion of shear waves, with the directions of propagation and of particle motion being in the bedding plane. The attenuation (dispersion) is controlled by the parameter which represents the ratio of Biot’s characteristic frequency to the viscoelastic characteristic frequency. If Biot’s characteristic frequency is small compared with the viscoelastic characteristic frequency, the solution is identical to that derived from an anisotropic version of the Frenkel–Biot theory of poroelasticity. In the opposite case when Biot’s characteristic frequency is greater than the viscoelastic characteristic frequency, the attenuation/dispersion is dominated by the classical viscoelastic absorption due to the shear stiffening effect of the viscous fluid layers. The product of these two characteristic frequencies is equal to the squared resonant frequency of the layered system, times a dimensionless proportionality constant of the order 1. This explains why the visco-elastic and poroelastic mechanisms are usually treated separately in the context of macroscopic (effective medium) theories, as these theories imply that frequency is small compared to the resonant (scattering) frequency of individual pores.     

液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播

为了深入研究液饱和多孔介质中应力波的传播，提出了三维两相细观计算模型．基于此模型。应用Galerkin余量法并计及流-固耦合界面的耦合效应，利用直接耦合的技术，开发了三维流-固混合显式动力有限元计算程序．在此基础上对冲击载荷作用下液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播现象进行了数值模拟，并详细讨论了孔隙率，孔隙形状等因素对应力波传播主导波形的影响．     

Simulation of multi-cracks in solids using nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy with a time-reversal process

In non-classical nonlinear media, much characteristic information is contained in their dynamic elastic responses. A method combining nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) with a time-reversal (TR) process is used in this numerical study, in which the presence of one defect and two defects acting with non-classical nonlinearity in an attenuating medium is simulated. Nonlinear defect behavior is introduced using a modified Preisach–Mayergoyz (PM) model. Two methods are used to determine retrofocal quality: harmonic filtering and modulated wave filtering. In the simulation, the nonlinear signal is filtered from the received continuous wave, then reversed and re-sent; a crack image can be obtained from the nonlinear signal in a lossy solid. By comparison with the actual defect, the image can reflect the distribution of one or two flaws, which show the feasibility and value of the NEWS–TR methodology for microdamage imaging of two defects. These results also show that images obtained with different harmonic and modulated frequencies can reflect the presence of defects. With increasing frequency, the crack positions obtained from the image change due to the influence of solid loss and interaction with sound waves.     

液固半无限空间低频点声源的地震波动

将舰船地震波简化为液固半无限空间低频点声源引起的地震波动,基于简正波理论,通过计算围道内的留数得到了位移势函数的表达式.分析了液体层内声传播损失和固体层表面的位移、加速度的频率特性曲线,为分析舰船地震波的形成机理以及波动特征提供了一定的理论基础.     

On well-posedness of the dynamic problem for an anisotropic fluid-saturated solid

It is known that a high degree of anisotropy in the constitutive behaviour of a solid may result in the loss of hyperbolicity of the dynamic equations in the form of either complex-conjugate or purely imaginary characteristic wave speeds (flutter ill-posedness and shear band formation, respectively). In the present paper we investigate the characteristic wave speeds in the dynamic problem for a transversely isotropic fluid-saturated porous solid. Three cases are considered: a dry solid and a saturated solid under locally undrained and drained conditions. It is shown that, for given constitutive parameters of the solid skeleton, the dynamic problem for a drained solid may become ill-posed due to the flutter-type loss of hyperbolicity, while the dynamic equations for a dry and an undrained solids remain hyperbolic. For a given solid skeleton, the characteristic wave speeds are strongly influenced by the pore fluid compressibility which, in turn, is extremely sensitive to the presence of a small amount of free gas.     

固体非傅立叶温度场的时域间断Galerkin有限元法

运用时域间断Galerkin有限元法[1],对高频非傅立叶热波动问题[2-3]进行分析。其主要特点是:取温度及温度的时间导数为基本未知量,对其分别进行3次Hermite插值和线性插值。在保证节点温度自动保持连续的基础上,温度的时间导数在离散时域存在间断。数值结果表明所提出的方法能够滤掉虚假的数值震荡,能够良好地模拟固体中的非傅立叶热波动行为。     

FAE炸药跌落撞击安全性数值分析

提出了冲击载荷作用下燃料空气炸药(FAE)的三相混合物材料模型. 在模型中, FAE炸药被模型化为具有一定的微观结构, 其液体组分及气体组分填充于金属固相颗粒互相搭结构成的骨架孔洞内. 另外, 材料模型中引入了气体的绝热压缩模型, 使得整个模型可以给出在冲击加载条件下FAE炸药中各组分的应力状态及温度场, 从而为合理地判定FAE装药的安全性提供了条件. FAE三相混合物材料模型作为用户自定义子程序嵌入到动力学程序AUTODYN中. 最后, 应用FAE炸药材料模型对某FAE战斗部从20\,m高处垂直跌落至钢质地板的撞击过程进行了数值模拟. 基于FAE装药在这种跌落撞击过程中的应力和温度状态,对其安全性进行了评价.