共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shenfeng LiXiaoying Zhu Wei ZhangGuoming Xie Wenli Feng 《Applied Surface Science》2012,258(7):2802-2807
In this paper, an amperometric electrochemical biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs)/thionine (Thi)/GNPs/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-chitosans (Chits) composite film was developed. MWCNTs-Chits homogeneous composite was first dispersed in acetic acid solution and then the GNPs were in situ synthesized at the composite. The mixture was dripped on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then the Thi was deposited by electropolymerization by Au-S or Au-N covalent bond effect and electrostatic adsorption effect as an electron transfer mediator. Finally, the mixture of GNPs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was assembled onto the modified electrode by covalent bond. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This study introduces the in situ-synthesized GNPs on the other surface of the modified materials in H2O2 detection. The linear response range of the biosensor to H2O2 concentration was from 5 × 10−7 mol L−1 to 1.5 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 3.75 × 10−8 mol L−1 (based on S/N = 3). 相似文献
2.
Xiaoping Zhou Dong Shu Chun He Junmin Nan 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2009,70(2):495-828
Vanadium nitride (VN) powder was synthesized by calcining V2O5 xerogel in a furnace under an anhydrous NH3 atmosphere at 400 °C. The structure and surface morphology of the obtained VN powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supercapacitive behavior of VN in 1 M KOH electrolyte was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), constant current charge-discharge cycling (CD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD result indicates that the obtained VN belongs to the cubic crystal system (Fm3m [2 2 5]) with unit-cell parameter 4.15 Å. SEM images show the homogeneous surface of the obtained VN. The CV diagrams illustrate the existence of fast and reversible redox reactions on the surface of VN electrode. The specific capacitance of VN is 161 F g−1 at 30 mV s−1. Furthermore, the specific capacitance remains 70% of the original value when the scan rate increases from 30 to 300 mV s−1. CD experiments show that VN is suitable for CD at high current density, and the slow and irreversible faradic reactions exist during the charge-discharge process of the VN electrode. The experimental results indicate that VN is a promising electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. 相似文献
3.
Cobalt-manganese oxide materials (CMOs) were prepared by chemical method and heat treated at 150, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 °C, respectively. The physical and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized. The heat treatment process leads to the removal of water molecules adsorbed on the surface of CMO particles (below 400 °C) and the progressive reduction of Mn and Co ions from Mn4+ and Co3+ to Mn3+/Mn2+ and Co2+, respectively (440-1000 °C). CMOs obtained by treatment below 800 °C have poor crystallinity and a highly crystallized tetragonal phase by treatment at 1000 °C. The ratio of Mn and Co in CMOs is found by EDX analysis to be about 2:1. The electrochemical testing results indicate that the high crystallization of CMO is disadvantageous for the energy storage as electrode material of electrochemical capacitors. However, for CMOs with poor crystallinity, relatively high specific capacitances can be obtained. The incorporation of protons and ions into the CMO's lattice during electrochemical charge/discharge process leads to the distortion of crystal lattice and improvement of crystallinity of CMO. The XRD patterns show that negative electrode (NE) and positive electrode (PE) have tetragonal (Co, Mn)(Mn, Co)2O4 phase. 相似文献
4.
J.Y. Lee 《Optics Communications》2009,282(12):2362-3085
Sn doped In2O3 (ITO) single layer and a sandwich structure of ITO/metal/ITO (IMI) multilayer films were deposited on a polycarbonate substrate using radio-frequency and direct-current magnetron sputtering process without substrate heating. The intermediated metal films in the IMI structure were Au and Cu films and the thickness of each layer in the IMI films was kept constant at 50 nm/10 nm/40 nm. In this study, the ITO/Au/ITO films show the lowest resistivity of 5.6 × 10−5 Ω cm.However the films show the lower optical transmission of 71% at 550 nm than that (81%) of as deposited ITO films. The ITO/Cu/ITO films show an optical transmittance of 54% and electrical resistivity of 1.5 × 10−4 Ω cm. Only the ITO/Au/ITO films showed the diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern. The figure of merit indicated that the ITO/Au/ITO films performed better in a transparent conducting electrode than in ITO single layer films and ITO/Cu/ITO films. 相似文献
5.
The electrochemical reactions of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) bulk and powder electrodes in 1 M LiPF6 1:1 EC/DMC solution were investigated and the results show that the intercalation reaction of lithium ion into HOPG electrode occurs only at the edge plane and SEI formation reaction on the basal plane is negligible in comparison with that on the edge plane. The active surface area of HOPG powder electrode could be deduced by comparing the peak area (consumed charge for SEI formation) at potential of 0.5 V on voltammograms with that of bulk HOPG edge electrode. The diffusion coefficients of lithium ion in HOPG bulk layers and in HOPG powder was for the first time measured by use of electrochemical impedance spectra and potential step chronamperameter methods. It was found that the diffusion coefficients of lithium in HOPG were in the range of 10−11-10−12 cm2 s−1 for the lithium-HOPG intercalation compounds at potentials from 0.2 (vs. Li/Li+) to 0.02 V, decreasing with the increase of lithium intercalation degree. A good agreement was obtained between the results from bulk and powder HOPG electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectra method. 相似文献
6.
H.S. Jang 《Optics Communications》2007,278(1):99-103
Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a magnetron sputter type negative ion source which requires cesium (Cs) vapor injection for surface negative ionization on the ITO target surface. Although the film was prepared at 70 °C, it attained high optical transmittance, 88% and low resistivity, 2.03 × 10−4 Ω cm, at an optimized Cs partial pressure of PCs = 1.7 × 10−3 Pa. The as-deposited ITO films have a poly-crystalline structure with (2 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0), (4 1 1) and (4 4 0) reflections.Also, ITO films prepared at PCs = 1.7 × 10−3 Pa were post-deposition vacuum annealed at 300 °C for 30 min. The films had a resistivity of 1.8 × 10−4 Ω cm and a transparency of 89.2%. The post-deposition vacuum annealed ITO film was used as an anode for a transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED). A maximum luminance of 19,000 cd/m2 was obtained. 相似文献
7.
The electrochemical properties of carbon films, of thickness between 200 and 500 nm, sputter-coated on gold- and platinum-coated 6 MHz piezoelectric quartz crystal oscillators, as new electrode materials have been investigated. Comparative studies under the same experimental conditions were performed on bulk electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in 0.1 M KCl electrolyte solution, and kinetic parameters of the model redox systems Fe(CN)63−/4− and [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ as well as the electroactive area of the electrodes were obtained. Atomic force microscopy was used in order to examine the surface morphology of the films, and the properties of the carbon films and the electrode-solution interface were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the preparation and development of nanometer thick carbon film modified quartz crystals. Such modified crystals should open up new opportunities for the investigation of electrode processes at carbon electrodes and for the application of electrochemical sensing associated with the EQCM. 相似文献
8.
Jahan Bakhsh Raoof Reza OjaniEhteram Hasheminejad Sahar Rashid-Nadimi 《Applied Surface Science》2012,258(7):2788-2795
The silver nanoparticles were prepared on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode, modified with p-iso propyl calix[6]arene, by preconcentration of silver ions in open circuit potential and followed by electrochemical reduction of silver ions. The stepwise fabrication process of Ag nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The prepared Ag nanoparticles were deposited with an average size of 70 nm and a homogeneous distribution on the surface of electrode. The observed results indicated that the presence of calixarene layer on the electrode surface can control the particle size and prevent the agglomeratione and electrochemical deposition is a promising technique for preparation of nanoparticles due to its easy-to-use procedure and low cost of implementation. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that Ag nanoparticles had a good catalytic ability for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effects of p-isopropyl calix[6]arene concentration, applied potential for reduction of Ag+, number of calixarene layers and pH value on the electrocatalytic ability of Ag nanoparticles were investigated. The present modified electrode exhibited a linear range from 5.0 × 10−5 to 6.5 × 10−3 M and a detection limit 2.7 × 10−5 M of H2O2 (S/N = 3) using amperometric method. 相似文献
9.
Indium-tin oxide (ITO) films deposited on heated and non-heated glass substrates by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm and ∼2.5 J/cm2 were used in the fabrication of simple organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), ITO/(PVK + Alq3 + TPD)/Al. The ITO was deposited on heated glass substrates which possessed resistivity as low as ∼3 × 10−4 Ω cm, optical transmission as high as ∼92% and carrier concentration of about ∼5 × 1020 cm−3, were comparable to the commercial ITO. Substrate heating transformed the ITO microstructure from amorphous to polycrystalline, as revealed by the XRD spectrum. While the polycrystalline ITO produced higher OLED brightness, it was still lower than that on the commercial ITO due to surface roughness. A DLC layer of ∼1.5 nm deposited on this ITO at laser fluence of >12.5 J/cm2 improved its device brightness by suppressing the surface roughness effect. 相似文献
10.
α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs composites were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process. The crystalline structure and the electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized samples were investigated. Results show that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 1256 ± 5 mAh g−1 and a stable specific discharge capacity of 430 ± 5 mAh g−1 at ambient temperature, for up to 100 cycles with no noticeable capacity fading, while the initial discharge capacity of the bare Fe2O3 is 992.3 mAh g−1, and the discharge capacity is 146.6 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the α-Fe2O3/MWCNTs composites also exhibit excellent rate performance. 相似文献
11.
S.B. Kulkarni 《Applied Surface Science》2009,255(20):8390-8394
In this paper we report a “bottom up” approach to synthesize β-Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes using novel successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Ni(OH)2 thin films have been deposited on glass substrate using aqueous alkaline nickel chloride as nickel ion source and double distilled water maintained at 353 K temperature as hydroxyl ion source. The structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties of films are examined. The nanocrystallinity and β-phase of Ni(OH)2 are confirmed by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR studies. Scanning electron microscope study revealed microporous and random distribution of well up grown interlocked nanoflakes. Optical absorption studies show wide optical band gap of 3.26 eV for β-Ni(OH)2. The electrical properties revealed that β-Ni(OH)2 has negative temperature coefficient of resistance with p-type semiconducting behaviour. The electrochemical property studied by cyclic voltametry in 2 M KOH electrolyte solution revealed pseudo capacitive behaviour, when β-Ni(OH)2 thin film employed as working electrode in three electrode electrochemical cell with platinum as counter electrode and saturated calomel as reference electrode. The specific capacitance of 350 F g−1 is obtained with nanoflake like morphology. 相似文献
12.
Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo Leonardo Lataro Paim Nelson Ramos Stradiotto 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(7):3683-3689
Octakis(cyanopropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane was prepared and characterized by 13C, 29Si NMR (MAS), SEM, FT-IR, XRD and thermogravimetric techniques. The four groups α, β, γ, κ (to the terminal silicon atom), associated with an acrylonitrile, were clearly seen in the 13C NMR (α-CH2 at 17.9; β-CH2 at 31.3; γ-CH2 at 50.4; κ-CN at 59.0 ppm). The 29Si NMR spectrum of the final product, exhibits only Q type silicon signal, ascribed to Q4 (−118.0 ppm). The presence of acrylonitrile substituted for octameric cube confers a relative change phase and thermal stability to the material. With regard to the applications for this new material, it was intended, in this case, to react with Na2[Fe(CN)5NH3] by chemical substitution. This composite was incorporated into a carbon paste electrode and the electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of the modified graphite paste electrode, showed one redox couples with formal potential () = 0.24 V versus SCE. 相似文献
13.
NbTi0.5Ni0.5O4 (NTNO) has been prepared using solid state synthesis and investigated as a potential anode material. The oxide form of NTNO has single phase rutile-type structure with tetragonal (P42/mnm) space group. The reduced form is a composite of nano-scaled particles of metallic Ni and Nb1.33Ti0.67O4 phase. Reduced NTNO showed high electronic conductivity up to 280 S.cm− 1 at 900 °C in reducing atmosphere, but suffers from low CTE equal to 3.78 10− 6 K− 1. Studies of NTNO as anode material were carried out in a three electrode - electrochemical half cell configuration under pure humidified H2 at 900 °C using a 2 mm thick zirconia electrolyte and without any additional current collector material. The results show a reasonable series resistance (Rs) equal to 2.7 Ωcm2 (about 50% higher than for metallic gold layers) indicating a good current collection performance for a 10 μm layer of material. The polarization resistance (Rp) was equal to 33 Ωcm2 and is attributed to a poor density of three phase boundaries (TPB) and shortage of oxide ion conduction in the anode layer. The results show the potential of NTNO as an anode material, especially after optimization of the microstructure towards the increase of TPB length. 相似文献
14.
The electrochemical and optical properties of transparent, two-dimensional macroporous gold film were investigated. Colloidal crystal templates were assembled onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass surface through vertical depositing method. Following gold electrodeposition, they were removed by dissolution with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The highly ordered macroporous gold array was achieved. It was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The optical transparency of the gold film was near 25% and fairly constant between 300 and 900 nm. The macroporous gold film electrode was mounted into a thin-layer transmission cell. The electrochemical response was evaluated by thin-layer cyclic voltammograms (CV) of the Fe (CN)63−/Fe (CN)64− couple. Thin-layer cell exhibits good shape of waves and nearly symmetric cathodic and anodic waves. E0′ value and n of TMPD+/TMPD (TMPD is acronyms for N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and TMPD+ is its mono-cation radical) couple were determined. Furthermore, results demonstrated electrolytic equilibrium was faster reached in macroporous gold film than ITO electrode. 相似文献
15.
Deok Yeon LeeMi-Sun Lee Iseul LimSoon Hyung Kang Yoon-Chae NahWonjoo Lee Sung-Hwan Han 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(23):9879-9884
Triruthenium carbonyl clusters {[Ru3(Br)(CO)11]− (denoted as Ru-1), [Ru3(μ2-Br)(CO)10]− (denoted as Ru-2), and [Ru3(μ3-NPh)(Br)(CO)9]− (denoted as Ru-3)} were synthesized on di(3-aminopropyl)viologen (DAPV)/indium tin oxide (ITO) using a surface reaction in a ruthenium (III) carbonyl [Ru3(CO)12] solution, and were applied to photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) at the molecular level. The formation of DAPV on ITO was realized in the form of self-assembled monolayers. Ru3(CO)12 then easily reacted with the Br− of DAPV, and a mixture of Ru-1 and Ru-2 was formed on DAPV/ITO. Furthermore, Ru-3 was successfully anchored on DAPV/ITO by adding nitrosobenzene in order to react with Ru-2 on DAPV/ITO. The photocurrents of (Ru-1 and Ru-2)/DAPV/ITO and Ru-3/DAPV/ITO in PECs at the molecular level were 6.3 nA cm−2 and 8.6 nA cm−2, respectively. The quantum yield of Ru-3/DAPV/ITO was ∼0.8%. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy were recorded to bring out the photoinduced charge transfer process from ruthenium clusters to DAPV. 相似文献
16.
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ITO thin films on glass and clay substrates by ion-beam sputter deposition method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. VenkatachalamH. Nanjo K. KawasakiY. Wakui H. HayashiT. Ebina 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(21):8923-8928
Nanocrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared on clay-1 (Clay-TPP-LP-SA), clay-2 (Clay-TPP-SA) and glass substrates using ion-beam sputter deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the as-deposited ITO films on both clay-1 and clay-2 substrates were a mixture of amorphous and polycrystalline. But the as-deposited ITO films on glass substrates were polycrystalline. The surface morphologies of as-deposited ITO/glass has smooth surface; in contrast, ITO/clay-1 has rough surface. The surface roughnesses of ITO thin films on glass and clay-1 substrate were calculated as 4.3 and 83 nm, respectively. From the AFM and SEM analyses, the particle sizes of nanocrystalline ITO for a film thickness of 712 nm were calculated as 19.5 and 20 nm, respectively. Optical study showed that the optical transmittance of ITO/clay-2 was higher than that of ITO/clay-1. The sheet resistances of as-deposited ITO/clay-1 and ITO/clay-2 were calculated as 76.0 and 63.0 Ω/□, respectively. The figure of merit value for as-deposited ITO/clay-2 (12.70 × 10−3/Ω) was also higher than that of ITO/clay-1 (9.6 × 10−3/Ω), respectively. The flexibilities of ITO/clay-1 and ITO/clay-2 were evaluated as 13 and 12 mm, respectively. However, the ITO-coated clay-2 substrate showed much better optical and electrical properties as well as flexibility as compared to clay-1. 相似文献
17.
Two kinds of spinel LiMn2O4 thin film for lithium ion micro-batteries were successfully prepared on polycrystal Pt substrates by spin coating methods, which were carried out under ultrasonic irradiation (USG) and magnetic stirring (MSG), respectively. The microstructures and electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 thin films were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. It was found that the crystalline structure of USG samples grew better than that of the MSG samples. At the same time, higher discharge capacity and better cycle stability were obtained for the LiMn2O4 thin films of USG at the current density of 50 μAh/cm2 between 3.0 and 4.3 V. The 1st discharge capacity was 57.8 μAh/cm2-μm for USG thin films and 51.7 μAh/cm2-μm for MSG thin films. After 50 cycles, 91.4% and 69% of discharge capacity could be retained respectively, indicating that ultrasonic irradiation condition during spin coating was more suitable for preparing spinel LiMn2O4 thin films with better electrode performance for lithium ion micro-batteries. 相似文献
18.
Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electric double-layer capacitors: Tube opening and surface functionalization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) obtained opening the closed ends and using surface functionalization by means of a combination of partial oxidation in air and chemical modifications are characterized systematically in 0.3 M H2SO4 between 0 and 1.0 V, and these nanotubes were planned to be used as electrode materials in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Opening of MWCNTs, clearly observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), can be easily achieved by the partial oxidation in air through a seven-step temperature program identified by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA). An increase in 175% specific capacitance is obtained for the MWCNTs, partially oxidized in air and chemically modified in H2SO4+HNO3. The temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) data showed that evolutions of CO and CO2 are, respectively, promoted by the application of partial oxidation in air and chemical modification in H2SO4+HNO3. The above increase in specific capacitance for modified MWCNTs is attributed to an obvious increase in the BET surface area (double-layer capacitance) and the density of oxygen-containing surface functional groups (pseudocapacitance). 相似文献
19.
Wei Zhang 《Applied Surface Science》2008,254(15):4750-4756
This study reports a novel electrochemical DNA biosensor based on zirconia (ZrO2) and gold nanoparticles (NG) film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). NG was electrodeposited onto the glassy carbon electrode at 1.5 V, and then zirconia thin film on the NG/GCE was fabricated by cyclic voltammetric method (CV) in an aqueous electrolyte of ZrOCl2 and KCl at a scan rate of 20 mV/s. DNA probes were attached onto the ZrO2/NG/GCE due to the strong binding of the phosphate group of DNA with the zirconia film and the excellent biocompatibility of nanogold with DNA. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the modification of the electrode and the probe DNA immobilization. The electrochemical response of the DNA hybridization was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using methylene blue (MB) as the electroactive indicator. After the hybridization of DNA probe (ssDNA) with the complementary DNA (cDNA), the cathodic peak current of MB decreased obviously. The difference of the cathodic peak currents of MB between before and after the hybridization of the probe DNA was used as the signal for the detection of the target DNA. The sequence-specific DNA of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene in the transgenic plants was detected with a detection range from 1.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L, and a detection limit of 3.1 × 10−11 mol/L. 相似文献
20.
Zhihua Wang Yaxin QinChu Wang Lijun SunXiaole Lu Xiaoquan Lu 《Applied Surface Science》2012,258(6):2017-2021
A high selective voltammetric sensor for Pb2+ was introduced. The feasibility of utilizing strong interactions between Schiff bases and metal ion to prepare the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) electrochemical sensor for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions was studied. Some parameters affecting sensor response were optimized and then a calibration curve was plotted. A dynamic linear range of 3.00 × 10−7 to 5.00 × 10−5 mol/L was obtained. The redox process of Pb2+ on the imprinted electrode is controlled by surface reaction. The stability and the life of imprinted membrane were improved by storing into diluted Pb2+ ion solution. The proposed method was applied to determination of Pb2+ in the Yellow River. 相似文献