摩擦化学的主要研究领域及其发展趋势

本文从摩擦过程中表面产生的化学效应、干摩擦及油润滑状态下的摩擦化学三个方面评述了摩擦化学的研究内容和进展; 介绍了摩擦化学在材料制备中的应用及摩擦化学的研究方法; 对摩擦化学研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势进行了讨论。     

仿生干湿摩擦黏附器件的研究进展

生物在自然界的演化过程中进化出了许多独特的干湿摩擦、黏附器官来适应其生存环境.研究人员通过对自然界中典型摩擦与黏附现象的研究、认识和总结,提出了相应的仿生界面摩擦、黏附理论与模型,用于指导人工合成型智能摩擦黏附材料与器件.目前,仿生摩擦、黏附材料体系与器件的设计策略主要以表面微结构、界面物理化学相互作用以及机械形变为基...     

铁铬合金摩擦破损微电偶的形成及作用

本文分析，研究了１Ｃｒ１８合金材料在０．２ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾１Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的摩擦腐２蚀过程中产生微电偶腐蚀的可能性及原因，并研究了微电偶对摩擦电化学行为的影响，研究结果表明：由于摩擦过程造成材料表面的电化学不均一性是产生微电偶作用的真正原因。未摩擦表面与摩擦表面的面积比显著地影响了摩擦电偶电位和摩擦电偶电流的大小。     

一种新型导电摩擦材料的研究

研究制备了一种用于电力机车导电滑块的新型导电摩擦材料－－金属纤维增强压型不透性石墨（MFRMIG），其主要性能指标为：弯曲强度82MPa；抗压强度138MPa；体积电阻率25μΩm。重点研究了导电填料体积含量对体积电阻率以及对材料弯曲强度的影响。机械强度及实车实验表明，该材料是一种优异的导电摩擦材料。     

润滑材料摩擦化学*

外界机械能能够引发的化学反应称为摩擦化学反应。当两个接触的表面进行相对运动时,在界面发生物理和化学变化或反应。润滑材料在服役过程中发生的摩擦化学反应对于其性能的具有正面或负面的影响。通过了解摩擦化学反应机理和反应产物结构及组成,对于理解润滑材料失效机制、性能调控原理具有指导意义。本文针对润滑材料的主要类型：润滑添加剂、纳米添加剂、离子液体、稀土、陶瓷、类金刚石薄膜、有机薄膜、聚合物,综述了近几十年来在相关润滑材料方面开展和取得的摩擦化学研究结果。     

表面硅烷交联改性超高分子量聚乙烯材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能研究

为进一步提高超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的耐磨损性能,制备了表面硅烷交联改性UHMWPE材料。本文对这种表面改性UHMWPE材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,其摩擦系数、磨痕宽度与未经改性的UHMWPE相比均有一定程度的降低,磨屑数量也减少,耐磨损性能明显提高。其原因归结于经硅烷交联改性后,UHMWPE材料表面硬度提高,润滑状况改善,使材料抗磨粒磨损和抗粘着磨损能力提高,从而导致其耐磨损性能明显提高。     

X射线光电子能谱技术在高分子材料摩擦化学研究中的应用

X射线光电子能谱技术(XPS)是材料表面分析的重要手段,其近年的快速发展促进了表面化学领域研究的深入.高分子及其复合材料在摩擦学性能方面具有普遍的优势,通过XPS对高分子及其复合材料摩擦表面的分析,可以确定摩擦过程的化学变化,并对改进材料的摩擦学性能起到理论的指导作用.作者主要介绍XPS技术的基本原理,及其在高分子与复合材料摩擦学性能研究中的应用.     

油酸/PSt/TiO_2复合纳米微球的制备

纳米复合材料是近年来化学、物理及材料科学研究最活跃的领域之一 .有机 -无机复合纳米微球的制备和性能研究是这一研究领域的一个重要分支 .有机 -无机复合纳米微球兼有有机材料、无机材料和纳米材料的特性 ,特别是“球形”结构使其具有微观的“滚动”特性而倍受摩擦学工作者的青睐 .目前聚合物纳米微球的摩擦学性能研究已取得了重要进展 [1～ 4 ] .段标等 [3,5]认为聚合物微球的润滑机理是在摩擦过程中 ,微球进入摩擦表面 ,因其弹性和球形 ,而起到一定的滚动作用 ;高载荷下 ,微球变形并在摩擦表面形成聚合物润滑膜 .然而有关聚合物 /无机…     

聚乙烯醇和丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯水凝胶的摩擦学特性

合成水凝胶是由水溶性单体聚合得到的轻度交联的高分子柔顺链网络 .高分子交联网络与水之间的相互作用决定着水凝胶的物理化学性质[1,2 ] .水凝胶常应用于生物医学材料和生物传感器等方面 .如接触眼镜的材料就常用甲基丙烯酸 -β-羟乙酯和聚乙烯醇 (PVA)为主要成分的水凝胶 ,所以对其摩擦性质的研究会丰富对生物医用材料的认识 .关于水凝胶的摩擦性质的研究 ,除 Osada等[3] 研究了聚乙烯醇及一些天然水凝胶在几牛顿到几十牛顿的负载下的摩擦行为外 ,尚少报道 .PVA水凝胶的结晶度对其性能影响甚大 ,但他们没有涉及结晶度与 PVA水凝胶的摩…     

形成摩擦聚合物的一种环氧酯成膜剂之研究

本研究用油酸和环氧树脂合成了一种能形成摩擦聚合物的环氧酯成膜剂,即"DE成膜剂"。用钢做对摩材料,液体石蜡和从新疆克拉玛依原油中炼制出的二线油做基础润滑介质,采用栓盘式试验机、SRV试验机和四球试验机进行了摩擦与磨损试验。     

Study on ameliorating friction noise of ABS materials by lubrication

In this study, the stick-slip mechanism of ABS resin friction noise and the effect of different lubricants on the friction noise were investigated by means of friction coefficient test instrument and self-designed noise test method. It was found that different types of lubricants have different effects on ameliorating the noise and stick-slip phenomena of ABS material. As the content of lubricant increased, the friction noise and stick-slip phenomenon of ABS were reduced. According to the study, reducing the dynamic and static friction △F was the key factor to reduce the stick-slip phenomenon and reduce the friction noise.     

Friction force microscopy of self-assembled monolayers: probing molecular organisation at the nanometre scale

The basic principles behind friction force microscopy are described. Applications of friction force microscopy to self-assembled monolayers are reviewed. Work in the author’s laboratory on the frictional properties of self-assembled monolayers is described, and the findings applied in the characterisation of a much more complex material, plasma-treated polyester. Friction force microscopy is found to be a powerful tool for the analysis of the chemical composition and molecular organisation of molecular materials at the nanometre scale.     

Bulk phase separation study by atomic force microscope friction imaging of natural rubber/poly(methyl methacrylate) film

The first observation of bulk phase separation in immiscible natural rubber (NR)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is reported. Three different forms of AFM measurements: topographic, friction force imaging, and nanoindentation have been effectively used to investigate combined morphological and compositional mapping of the NR/PMMA system. The fracture temperature during sample microtoming and material physical properties could be responsible for the observed topographic contrast. The stronger contrast of friction imaging, relative to topographic imaging, is ascribed to local variations in mechanical properties of the phase-separated domains. Friction force imaging associated with nanoindentation response, performed under AFM force mode, highlights the AFM's ability for probing local friction, adhesion, and elastic properties, and for compositional mapping of heterogeneous polymer film. The resulting friction force imaging along with the response of the nanoindentation are in good agreement, indicating that PMMA exists mainly near the modified NR surface.     

MODIFICATION OF EPOXY RESIN WITH POLYSILOXANE BEARING PENDANT QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GROUPS

Polysiloxane bearing pendant quaternary ammonium groups (PSI) was used to modify the surface properties ofepoxy resins. In the cured resin, PSI formed the dispersed phase. Remarkable enrichment and gradient distribution ofpolysiloxane on the surface region of the epoxy resins were demonstrated by XPS analysis. The composition and propertiesof the surface of PSI-modified epoxy resin, which is in contact with the mold, are dependent on the material of the mold.Through the incorporation of PSI, epoxy resins with low surface energy and low friction coefficient were obtained.Polysiloxane with lower ionic group content shows a higher degree of enrichment on the resin surface and leads to a highercontact angle against water, while the polysiloxane having optimum compatibility with the epoxy resin shows a greater effectin reducing the static friction coefficient of the resin against glass.     

Friction properties of moulding thermoplastics

 During the ejection phase of the injection moulding cycle the parts are mechanically forced to separate from the moulding surfaces, this aspect being more relevant with deep cores. The design of the ejection system depends on factors such as the draft angles, the surface finish, and the properties of the moulding material at the ejection temperature and the dimensioning of actuation devices (e.g., hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders). Knowledge of the friction properties of the mating metal and plastics surfaces is important to optimize the ejection system. The coefficient of friction at the ejection stage depends on the surface texture of the core and the temperature at ejection.

This paper reviews recent research on the static coefficient of friction in moulding conditions. It also reviews results obtained with a prototype apparatus that reproduces the conditions occurring during the ejection phase.     

摩阻材料用亚麻油改性酚醛树脂的制备及耐热性研究

利用亚麻油改性酚醛树脂,得到高性能的摩阻材料用树脂基体.推导了改性机理和结构特征,并进行了耐热试验和分析.结果表明,亚麻油参与了反应并成为聚合物的一部分,亚麻油改性酚醛树脂固化后的结构特征是互穿聚合物网络(IPN),与普通酚醛树脂相比,亚麻油改性酚醛树脂的耐热性能显著提高,可望用作耐高温磨阻材料树脂基体.     

Study on friction performance of graphene-based semi-solid grease

The graphene-based semi-solid grease with low friction coefficient was prepared by highly dispersed mixing method.The friction testing result showed that the friction coefficient of the graphene oxidebased semi-solid grease reduced from ca.0.105 of graphite-based one to ca.0.075,approximately 30%decreasing.Further,the graphene-based semi-solid grease shows the more outstandingly lubricating property,and the friction coefficient approximately drops to the range of between 0.04 and 0.06.By comparing with the graphite-based grease,the friction coefficient decreases about 40%–60% and the wear reduced over 50%.     

Toughening of a trifunctional epoxy system: IV. Dynamic mechanical relaxational study of the thermoplastic-modified cure process

Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy has been used to investigate the cure of a thermoplastically modified trifunctional epoxy resin. The complex dissolution, curing behavior, and variations in the glass transition of the thermoplastic (PSF) phase were described, as was the T_g behavior of the epoxy phase. Prereaction of the PSF material with the epoxy resin was found to greatly increase the solubility of the PSF in the epoxy phase with little effect on the concentration of the epoxy monomer dissolving in the PSF phase. The curing behavior of the epoxy component in the thermoplastic phase was also investigated, in addition to changes in the mobility of the network at both gelation and vitrification. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Surface sliding friction of negatively charged polyelectrolyte gels

The friction between two polyelectrolyte gels carrying the same or opposite sign of charges has been investigated using a rheometer. It is found that the friction was strongly dependent on the interfacial interaction between two gel surfaces. In the repulsive interaction case, especially, the friction was extremely low. The friction behavior is attempted to be described in terms of the hydrodynamic lubrication of the solvent layer between two like-charged gel surfaces, which is formed due to the electrostatic repulsion of the two gel surfaces. From the theoretical analysis (hydrodynamic mechanism), the friction behaviors were explained qualitatively, all of the experimental results, nevertheless, could not be understood well. The viscoelastic feature of the gel and the non-Newtonian behavior of water at the friction interface are considered to be important to elucidate the gel friction.     

Proton irradiation effects on the structural and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was irradiated with protons in a ground-based simulation facility to study the effects of proton irradiation on the structural and tribological properties of PTFE. The structural changes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total-reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR), while the tribological properties were evaluated by friction and wear tests. It was found that proton irradiation induced the degradation of PTFE molecular chains, resulting in the increase of C concentration and the decrease in F concentration on the sample surfaces, and the surface chemical structure and morphology of the samples changed, which affected the friction coefficient and decreased the wear rate of the specimens as the friction and wear tests revealed.