Regular graphs of large girth and arbitrary degree

For every integer d≥10, we construct infinite families {G _n } _n∈? of d+1-regular graphs which have a large girth ≥log _d |G _n |, and for d large enough ≥1.33 · log _d |G _n |. These are Cayley graphs on PGL ₂(F _q ) for a special set of d+1 generators whose choice is related to the arithmetic of integral quaternions. These graphs are inspired by the Ramanujan graphs of Lubotzky-Philips-Sarnak and Margulis, with which they coincide when d is a prime. When d is not equal to the power of an odd prime, this improves the previous construction of Imrich in 1984 where he obtained infinite families {I _n } _n∈? of d + 1-regular graphs, realized as Cayley graphs on SL ₂(F _q ), and which are displaying a girth ≥0.48·log _d |I _n |. And when d is equal to a power of 2, this improves a construction by Morgenstern in 1994 where certain families {M _n } _n∈N of 2 ^k +1-regular graphs were shown to have girth ≥2/3·log₂ ^k |M _n |.     

Edges in graphs with large girth

Several upper bounds are given for the maximum number of edgese possible in a graph depending upon its orderp, girthg and, in certain cases, minimum degree. In particular, one upper bound has an asymptotic order ofp ^1+2/(g–1) wheng is odd. A corollary of our final result is that whenk = e/p 2. Asymptotic and numerical comparisons are also presented.     

b-colouring outerplanar graphs with large girth

A b-colouring of a graph is a colouring of its vertices such that every colour class contains a vertex that has a neighbour in all other classes. The b-chromatic number of a graph is the largest integer $k$ such that the graph has a $b$-colouring with $k$ colours. We show here how to compute in polynomial time the $b$-chromatic number of an outerplanar graph of girth at least $8$. This generalizes the seminal result of Irving and Manlove on trees.     

A construction of an infinite family of 2-arc transitive polygonal graphs of arbitrary odd girth

A near-polygonal graph is a graph Γ which has a set C of m-cycles for some positive integer m such that each 2-path of Γ is contained in exactly one cycle in C. If m is the girth of Γ then the graph is called polygonal. We provide a construction of an infinite family of polygonal graphs of arbitrary odd girth with 2-arc transitive automorphism groups.     

A construction of an infinite family of 2-arc transitive polygonal graphs of arbitrary even girth

A near-polygonal graph is a graph Γ which has a set C\mathcal{C} of m-cycles for some positive integer m such that each 2-path of Γ is contained in exactly one cycle in C\mathcal{C}. If m is the girth of Γ, then the graph is called polygonal. We provide a construction of an infinite family of polygonal graphs of arbitrary even girth with 2-arc transitive automorphism groups, showing that there are infinitely many 2-arc transitive polygonal graphs of every girth.     

Linear coloring of planar graphs with large girth

A proper vertex coloring of a graph G is linear if the graph induced by the vertices of any two color classes is the union of vertex-disjoint paths. The linear chromatic number of the graph G is the smallest number of colors in a linear coloring of G. In this paper we prove that every planar graph G with girth g and maximum degree Δ has if G satisfies one of the following four conditions: (1) g≥13 and Δ≥3; (2) g≥11 and Δ≥5; (3) g≥9 and Δ≥7; (4) g≥7 and Δ≥13. Moreover, we give better upper bounds of linear chromatic number for planar graphs with girth 5 or 6.     

The wiener index of graphs of arbitrary girth and their line graphs

We consider the invariant W(G) of a simple connected undirected graph G which is equal to the sum of distances between all pairs of its vertices in the natural metric (the Wiener index). We show that, for every g ≥ 5, there is a planar graph G of girth g satisfying W(L(G)) = W(G), where L(G) is the line graph of G.     

Generalised acyclic edge colourings of graphs with large girth

The r-acyclic edge chromatic number of a graph G is the minimum number of colours required to colour the edges of G in such a way that adjacent edges receive different colours and every cycle C receives at least min{|C|,r} colours. We prove that for any integer r?4, the r-acyclic edge chromatic number of any graph G with maximum degree Δ and with girth at least 3(r-1)Δ is at most 6(r-1)Δ.     

Acyclic chromatic indices of planar graphs with large girth

An acyclic edge coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring such that no bichromatic cycles are produced. The acyclic chromatic index a^′(G) of G is the smallest k such that G has an acyclic edge coloring using k colors.In this paper, we prove that every planar graph G with girth g(G) and maximum degree Δ has a^′(G)=Δ if there exists a pair (k,m)∈{(3,11),(4,8),(5,7),(8,6)} such that G satisfies Δ≥k and g(G)≥m.     

Note on robust critical graphs with large odd girth

A graph G is (k+1)-critical if it is not k-colourable but G−e is k-colourable for any edge e∈E(G). In this paper we show that for any integers k≥3 and l≥5 there exists a constant c=c(k,l)>0, such that for all , there exists a (k+1)-critical graph G on n vertices with and odd girth at least ?, which can be made (k−1)-colourable only by the omission of at least cn² edges.     

On the bipartite density of regular graphs with large girth

Let B(G) be the edge set of a bipartite subgraph of a graph G with the maximum number of edges. Let b_k = inf{|B(G)|/|E(G)‖G is a cubic graph with girth at least k}. We will prove that lim_{k → ∞} b_k ≥ 6/7.     

Forest embeddings in regular graphs of large girth

This paper deals with the enumeration of distinct embeddings (both induced and partial) of arbitrary graphs in regular graphs of large girth. A simple explicit recurrence formula is presented for the number of embeddings of an arbitrary forest F in an arbitrary regular graph G of sufficiently large girth. This formula (and hence the number of embeddings) depends only on the order and degree of regularity of G, and the degree sequence and component structure (multiset of component orders) of F. A concept called c-subgraph regularity is introduced which generalizes the familiar notion of regularity in graphs. (Informally, a graph is c-subgraph regular if its vertices cannot be distinguished on the basis of embeddings of graphs of order less than or equal to c.) A central result of this paper is that if G is regular and has girth g, then G is (g ? 1)-subgraph regular.     

Infinite highly connected planar graphs of large girth

We construct infinite planar graphs of arbitrarily large connectivity and girth, and study their separation properties. These graphs have no thick end but continuum many thin ones. Every finite cycle separates them, but they corroborate Diestel’s conjecture that everyk-connected locally finite graph contains a possibly infinite cycle — see [3] — whose deletion leaves it (k — 3)-connected.     

Choosability of the square of planar subcubic graphs with large girth

We show that the choice number of the square of a subcubic graph with maximum average degree less than 18/7 is at most 6. As a corollary, we get that the choice number of the square of a subcubic planar graph with girth at least 9 is at most 6. We then show that the choice number of the square of a subcubic planar graph with girth at least 13 is at most 5.     

Lower bounds for the chromatic numbers of distance graphs with large girth

We obtain some specific exponential lower bounds for the chromatic numbers of distance graphs with large girth.