Cross-correlation of voice and heart rate as stress measures

Heart rate and O₂ uptake, etc. have been widely used to assess the physical fitness of human subjects. Recently developed Hayre voice-based parameters for physical stress or fatigue are validated by the results of this work. These parameters are not only non-obtrusive means of real time observation of clinical, educational and physical training of subjects but also provide a unique comparative means of monitoring physical fatigue among various professionals such as athletes, truck drivers, pilots and doctors of medicine, etc. Subjects of various ages running on a treadmill were instrumented for recording heart rate, EKG, treadmill speed and slope. The treadmill was run at 3·3 mph (90 m/min) and the grade was increased by one per cent a minute up to a maximum of 25 per cent and then the speed was increased by 0·2 mph until exhaustion. Each subject was asked to count from one to ten and utter two other preselected words separated by silence gaps in between for ease of analysis. An analysis of these utterances indicates that a monotonic increase in heart rate is highly correlated with Hayre parameters $\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext>}}$ and $\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext>}}$ mentioned above, up to the time of maximum stress and the associated peak heart rate of 175. After stopping the treadmill run and letting the subject sit down, the heart rate starts dropping rapidly whereas the Hayre stress parameter $\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext>}}$ tends to increase to a saturation level, thus verifying that the continued physically stressed state of the subject has not significantly lessened as one would perceive from the above mentioned drop in heart rate.     

Non-analyticity of the entropy and Nernst's law in random spin systems

It is shown explicitly for a soluble model that a random spin system can have an entropy which is non-analytic at (H = 0, T = 0), with $\text{(}\text{?S}\text{?H}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{H=0}}$ and/or $\text{(}\text{?}{}^2\text{S}\text{?H}{}^2\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{H=0}}$non-vanishing in the T → 0 limit, while nevertheless Nernst's law is satisfied.     

Third order elastic constants and thermal expansion of terbium

The third-order elastic constants and the temperature variation of the effective Grüneisen functions of terbium have been calculated on the basis of Keating's method. The pressure derivatives of the second order elastic constants of terbium have been obtained by interpolation of the experimental pressure derivatives of gadolinium and dysprosium. The ten third order elastic constants of terbium are calculated using four third order anharmonic parameters obtained from its interpolated pressure derivatives. The low and high temperature limits $\text{λ}{}_{\mathrm{L}}$ and $\text{λ}{}_{\mathrm{H}}$ of the lattice thermal expansion are evaluated. The agreement between the calculated $\text{λ}{}_{\mathrm{H}}$ and that obtained from thermal expansion and specific heat data of terbium is good.     

The elastic constants for single-crystal lead and indium from room temperature to the melting point

The adiabatic elastic stiffness constants of indium and lead were measured from room temperature to their respective melting points using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method. The average temperature derivatives at constant pressure, $\text{dC}{}_{\mathrm{ij}}\text{dT}\text{= C'}{}_{\mathrm{ij}}$, for the indium constants are:

$\text{C'}{}_{11}\text{= ?0.032 C'}{}_{12}\text{= ?0.0055 C'}{}_{13}\text{= ?0.011 C'}{}_{33}\text{= ?0.032 C'}{}_{44}\text{= ?0.0059 C'}{}_{66}\text{= ?0.022}$

in units of 10¹⁰dyne cm^?2deg^?1, and are referred to axes coincident with those of the face-centered tetragonal unit cell. The average temperature derivatives at constant pressure for the lead elastic constants are, in the same units,

$\text{C'}{}_{11}\text{= ?0.0264 C'}{}_{12}\text{= ?0.0156 C'}{}_{44}\text{= ?0.0155.}$

The elastic anisotropies of both lead and indium increase markedly with increasing temperature.     

Electromigration in non-dilute binary alloys

This paper comments the recently published works on the electromigration in non-dilute binary alloys and gives a general analysis for calculating the effective valences $\text{Z}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^1$ of both components from experimental measurements. The proposed expressions for $\text{Z}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^1$ can be reduced to simple forms when Manning's expressions [5] for the phenomenological coefficients are used. These results allow us to calculate the effective valences of Silver and Gold in non-dilute Ag-Au alloys from Hofman and Guy's experimental data.     

A mathematical interpretation of Dirac's formalism part a: Dirac bases in trajectory spaces

In this paper the notion of Dirac basis will be introduced. It is the continuous pendant of the discrete basis for Hilbert spaces. The introduction of this new notion is closely related to the theory of generalized functions. Here De Graaf's theory will be employed. It is based on the triplet $\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>X,</mtext><mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{?X?}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>X,</mtext><mtext>A</mtext>}}$ where X is a Hilbert space. In a well specified way any member of $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>X,</mtext><mtext>A</mtext>}}$ can be expanded with respect to a Dirac basis. Both the introduction of Dirac bases and a new interpretation of Dirac's bracket notion will lead to a mathematical rigorization of various aspects of Dirac's formalism for quantum mechanics. This rigorization goes much beyond earlier proposals.     

Notes on Anderson's transition in a lattice model for topologically disordered systems

Using a lattice model in which the off-diagonal matrix elements of a tight binding Hamiltonian obey a hyperbolic distribution function, Anderson's transition in topologically disordered systems is predicted to occur at a critical density parameter $\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{c}}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{a}{}_0\text{= 0.22～0.25}$, a₀ being an effective Bohr radius. A bond percolation model is discussed in connection with topologically disordered systems.     

A simple quadrature method for the evaluation of the redistribution functions RIII,IV(x′, n′; x, n)

A simple and last method for computing the frequency and angle-dependent redistribution functions $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{III}}\text{(x′,}\text{n}\text{′x,}\text{n}\text{)}$ and $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{IV}}\text{(x′;x}\text{n}\text{)}$ is given along with graphs of these functions for various values of the relevant parameters which control their behaviour. These redistribution functions describe photon redistribution when there are deviations from strict frequency coherency in the atom's frame. The redistribution function $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{III}}\text{(x′,}\text{n}\text{′;x,}\text{n}\text{)}$ assumes collisional broadening of the upper transition states resulting in complete redistribution in the atom's frame, while $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{IV}}\text{(x′,}\text{n}\text{′;x,}\text{n}\text{)}$ assumes both transition states to be radiation broadened only and thus describes resonance scattering resulting in partial frequency coherency in the atom's frame. A comparison between these angle-dependent redistribution functions and their angle-averaged counterparts is also given.     

Traffic noise measurement and analysis in Jeddah

This paper presents measurements and analysis of traffic noise in the residential area of Jeddah City. These measurements are aimed to help in predicting the subjective response to noise as a function of measured predicted sound levels. $\text{L}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>10</mtext>}}$, $\text{L}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>50</mtext>}}$ and $\text{L}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>90</mtext>}}$ were predicted for different sites, the traffic noise index and the noise pollution index, L_NP, were estimated. Noise data were correlated to the individual respondent's reaction. Linear regression analyses were performed between noise exposure and dissatisfaction response.     

Order relations for lattice sums from order relations for theta functions

Let {τ} and {γ} denote mutually reciprocal unit Bravais lattices in an n-dimensional Euclidean space, and consider the Theta Functions (TF's) $\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}\text{(t) = t}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>n</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{∑}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}\text{exp}\text{(?πtτ}{}^2\text{)}$ for all 0 < t < ∞. By showing how to evaluate a larger class of sums $\text{Z}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}{}^{\mathrm{(K)}}\text{(t)  π}{}^{\mathrm{k}}\text{t}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>k\; +\; </mtext><mtext>n</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{∑}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}{}_{\mathrm{r}}{}^{\mathrm{2k}}\text{exp (?πtτ}{}^2\text{)}$, k a nonnegative integer, we are able to evaluate any derivative of the V-functions. With this information we find order relations for the TF's on the cubic lattices in three dimensions. Coupling these relations with Ewald's Theta Function method, we secure order relations for Lennard-Jones, Chaba-Pathria, and other lattice sums on cubic lattices. We also sketch extensions to non-Bravais lattices and give an order relation for TF's on the non-Bravais hexagonal closepacked and the Bravais facecentered cubic.     

A note on the impurity spin magnetisation of dilute alloys

Double time temperature dependent anticommutator Green's function has been used to obtain magnetisation of the impurity spin in s-band host metals. The function φ_Ji which is related to the impurity spin magnetisation shows a break in the magnetisation vs temperature curve when $\text{|(}\text{H}{}_0\text{J}\text{) × (}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{(S}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{+ 1))|}$ lies within 1.50. The effect of crystal field of the host lattice on the impurity spin magnetisation has also been considered.     

Studies of interface phonons

The vibrational modes localized at the interface between two distinct crystals have been studied for a simple crystal model obeying all of the invariance conditions required for models used in studies of dynamical properties of crystal surfaces, and giving rise to Rayleigh surface waves. The two crystals are assumed to be semi-infinite simple cubic and to have the same lattice parameter a. They differ by their mass (M and M_A) and the central force interactions between first (K and K_a) and second nearest neighbors $\text{1}\text{2}\text{K}$ and $\text{1}\text{2}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{A}}$. The interface is obtained by coupling the (001) free surfaces of these distinct crystals by central force intractions (K^'). We find that the variation of the interaction conditions (K^') at the interface and of the $\text{(}\text{K}\text{M}\text{)}\text{(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{)}$ parameter has the following qualitative effects on the properties of surface and bulk phonons. When (K^') increases from zero to a finite value, the frequencies of the surface phonons increase and are splitted in the case of two identical crystals. One can say that the surface phonons are transformed into interface modes. For some values of $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{\text{'}}}\text{K}$ and $\text{(}\text{K}\text{M}\text{)}\text{(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{)}$ parameters these interface phonons may be admixed with bulk phonons and thus become virtual interface states.     

Theory of donor states in GaP: The role of the camel's back

We present a theoretical study of the influence of the camel's back structure on the low lying excited states of the donors in GaP. Based on comparison with the observed spectrum, we conclude that the appropriate values for the parameters describing the camel's back are $\text{Δ}\text{E}\text{= 3.2}\text{meV and k}{}_{\mathrm{o}}\text{= 0.083 (}\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{o}}\text{2π}\text{)}$.     

Temperature dependence of the elastic constants of aluminum

The single crystal elastic constants of aluminum have been measured using a piezoelectric composite oscillator from room temperature to just 20 K below the melting point. The elastic moduli differ markedly from previous high temperature results, but match in well with previous cryogenic results. Over the temperature range investigated the isothermal bulk modulus and the two shear moduli have a simple exponential dependence on isobaric volume, and the cryogenic data indicate this dependence may be preserved down to absolute zero. As has been found previously for a wide range of materials, the isothermal bulk modulus and the shear modulus $\text{(c}{}_{11}\text{– c}{}_{12}\text{)}\text{2}$ appear to be continuous functions of volume through the melting expansion, and melting seems to find its origin in the mechanical instability associated with this shear modulus vanishing at the volume of the melt at the freezing point. Grüneisen's parameter divided by the molar volume is very nearly independent of isobaric volume.     

γ production and multiplicity correlations between neutral and charged pions in pp interactions at 69 GeV/c

From 3500 γ's observed in the 4.7 m HBC MIRABELLE at Sepukhov, we obtain the dependence on n_? of the average number of produced π^0,s, 〈n₀〉, and the π⁰π⁰ correlation parameter, $\text{?}{}_2{}^{00}$. We present also the $\text{?}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{??}}$ and $\text{?}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{+0}}$ parameters and information concerning KNO scaling. Various momentum distributions are given. The invariant γ cross sections distributions are compared with corresponding data at other energies.     

Frequency shifts in pulsed NMR for 3He(A)

The ringing frequency recently observed by Osheroff and Corruccini in pulsed NMR experiments on the A-phase of ³He is calculated from Leggett's resonance equations. For large magnetic fields the frequency is $\text{Ω = γ}\text{H}\text{+ (Ω}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>L</mtext>}}\text{/8γH)(1 + 3}\text{cos}\text{θ)}$, where θ is the tipping angle, and Ω_L is the longitudinal resonance frequency     

A number fluctuation model generating 1⧸f pattern

It is shown that 1/f noise can be described by a special doubly stochastic process. Contrary to most theories, the stochastic process considered here represents a number fluctuation model.The capability of this stochastic model is as follows. Hooge's relation $\text{S(f)=}\text{I}{}^2\text{α}{}_{\mathrm{H}}\text{?}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{TOT}}\text{f}$ can theoretically be derived. Within the scope of this derivation, α_H attains arbitrary values depending on physical conditions. A lower as well as an upper cutoff frequency of 1?f noise can be calculated. In counting statistics, the relative variance of a system exhibiting 1?f noise turns out to be an extremum, its value being much higher than that found in the case of shot noise.     

Study of Anderson localization by a continued-fraction method

The electron localization is studied for Anderson's tight-binding model of a disordered two-dimensional square lattice. For a large system of 10⁴ sites the averaged squared modulus $\text{| G}{}_{00}\text{|}{}^2$ of the Green's function is evaluated by a continued-fraction method. From this quantity, following Anderson's criterion, the energy of the mobility edge is found as a function of the degree of disorder. Also the Anderson transition is recognized.     

Partial conservation of axial current (PCAC) and the decay of the charmed F meson into a nucleon pair

It is suggested that measurements of the decay mode $\text{F}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→ p}\text{n}$ and of the ratio $\text{B(}\text{F}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→ p}\text{n}\text{)/B(}\text{F}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→ τ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}\text{)}$ provide a useful test of Gell-Mann-Levy's and Nambu's conjecture on the conservation of the axial current in the limit of a massless pion (or equivalently at high energy).