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1.
《Chemical physics》2001,263(2-3):471-490
The triplet saturable absorption behaviour of the xanthene dyes eosin Y, erythrosin B, and rose bengal and of the fullerene molecule C70 is studied. The molecules are excited to the S1-state by intense picosecond pulses (wavelength λP=527 nm). They relax dominantly to the triplet system by intersystem crossing. The triplet–triplet saturable absorption is investigated with time-delayed intense picosecond pulses (wavelength λL=1054 nm) in the transparency region of the molecules in the singlet ground state. Higher excited-state triplet absorption cross-sections and higher excited-state triplet relaxation times are determined by numerical simulation of the experimental results. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements reveal higher excited-state triplet to singlet back-intersystem-crossing and multi-step triplet photoionization. Additionally the two-photon absorption cross-sections at λL=1054 nm are determined by measurement of the fundamental pulse two-photon induced fluorescence relative to the second-harmonic pulse single-photon induced fluorescence.  相似文献   

2.
Three axially substituted complexes, 2,3-octa(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)-2,3-naphthalocyaninato indium chloride (1a), 2,3-octa(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)-2,3-naphthalocyaninato indium bromide (1b), and 2,3-octa(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)-2,3-naphthalocyaninato indium iodide (1c) have been synthesized and their photophysical properties have been investigated. Optical power limiting of nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) laser pulses at 532 nm using these complexes has been demonstrated. All complexes display strong Q(0,0) absorption and measurable emission in the near-infrared region and exhibit strong excited-state absorption in the range of 470-700 nm upon ns laser excitation. The different axial ligands show negligible effect on the linear absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption spectra. However, the excited-state lifetime, triplet excited-state quantum yield, and efficiency to generate singlet oxygen are affected significantly by the heavier axial ligand. Brominated and iodinated complexes 1b and 1c show higher triplet excited-state quantum yield, while chlorinated complex 1a has longer excited-state lifetime and is more efficient in generating singlet oxygen. The iodinated complex 1c displayed the best optical limiting due to the higher ratio of excited-state absorption cross section to ground state absorption cross section (sigma(eff)/sigma(0)).  相似文献   

3.
The ground-state absorption cross-sections (σg), triplet excited-state absorption cross-section (σT) at 532 nm, singlet excited-state absorption cross-sections (σs) at various visible wavelengths, singlet and triplet excited-state lifetimes, and triplet quantum yields of three cyclometalated platinum(II) 4,6-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl complexes, are reported. The presence of metal-metal and π-π interactions in the dinuclear and trinuclear complexes results in a significant increase in their respective σg’s in the visible spectral region. As a result, the ratio of σs/σg and σT/σg at each wavelength is significantly greater for the mononuclear complex than for the dinuclear and the trinuclear complexes.  相似文献   

4.
The photophysical properties, such as the UV-vis absorption spectra, triplet transient difference absorption spectra, triplet excited-state extinction coefficients, quantum yields of the triplet excited state, and lifetimes of the triplet excited state, of 10 novel zinc phthalocyanine derivatives with mono- or tetraperipheral substituents have been systematically investigated in DMSO solution. All these complexes exhibit a wide optical window in the visible spectral range and display long triplet excited-state lifetimes (140-240 mus). It has been found that the complexes with tetrasubstituents at the alpha-positions exhibit a bathochromic shift in their UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and triplet transient difference absorption spectra and have larger triplet excited-state absorption coefficients. The nonlinear absorption of these complexes has been investigated using the Z-scan technique. It is revealed that all complexes exhibit a strong reverse saturable absorption at 532 nm for nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The excited-state absorption cross sections were determined through a theoretical fitting of the experimental data using a five-band model. The complexes with tetrasubstituents at the alpha-positions exhibit larger ratios of triplet excited-state absorption to ground-state absorption cross sections (sigma T/sigma g) than the other complexes. In addition, the wavelength-dependent nonlinear absorption of these complexes was studied in the range of 470-550 nm with picosecond laser pulses. All complexes exhibit reverse saturable absorption in a broad visible spectral range for picosecond laser pulses. Finally, the nonlinear transmission behavior of these complexes for nanosecond laser pulses was demonstrated at 532 nm. All complexes, and especially the four alpha-tetrasubstituted complexes, exhibit stronger reverse saturable absorption than unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanines due to the larger ratio of their excited-state absorption cross sections to their respective ground-state absorption cross sections.  相似文献   

5.
A platinum complex with the 6-(7-benzothiazol-2'-yl-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2,2'-bipyridinyl ligand (1) was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. UV/Vis absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption of 1 were systematically investigated. DFT calculations were carried out on 1 to characterize the electronic ground state and aid in the understanding of the nature of low-lying excited electronic states. Complex 1 exhibits intense structured (1)π-π* absorption at λ(abs)<440?nm, and a broad, moderate (1)MLCT/(1)LLCT transition at 440-520?nm in CH(2)Cl(2) solution. A structured (3)π-π*/(3)MLCT emission at about 590?nm was observed at room temperature and at 77?K. Complex 1 exhibits both singlet and triplet excited-state absorption from 450?nm to 750?nm, which are tentatively attributed to the (1)π-π* and (3)π-π* excited states of the 6-(7-benzothiazol-2'-yl-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine ligand, respectively. Z-scan experiments were conducted by using ns and ps pulses at 532?nm, and ps pulses at a variety of visible and near-IR wavelengths. The experimental data were fitted by a five-level model by using the excited-state parameters obtained from the photophysical study to deduce the effective singlet and triplet excited-state absorption cross sections in the visible spectral region and the effective two-photon absorption cross sections in the near-IR region. Our results demonstrate that 1 possesses large ratios of excited-state absorption cross sections relative to that of the ground-state in the visible spectral region; this results in a remarkable degree of reverse saturable absorption from 1 in CH(2)Cl(2) solution illuminated by ns laser pulses at 532?nm. The two-photon absorption cross sections in the near-IR region for 1 are among the largest values reported for platinum complexes. Therefore, 1 is an excellent, broadband, nonlinear absorbing material that exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two-photon-assisted excited-state absorption in the near-IR region.  相似文献   

6.
Supramolecular triplet photosensitizers based on hydrogen bonding-mediated molecular assemblies were prepared. Three thymine-containing visible light-harvesting Bodipy derivatives (B-1, B-2 and B-3, which show absorption at 505 nm, 630 nm and 593 nm, respectively) were used as H-bonding modules, and 1,6-diaminopyridine-appended C60 was used as the complementary hydrogen bonding module (C-1), in which the C60 part acts as a spin converter for triplet formation. Visible light-harvesting antennae with methylated thymine were prepared as references (B-1-Me, B-2-Me and B-3-Me), which are unable to form strong H-bonds with C-1. Triple H-bonds are formed between each Bodipy antenna (B-1, B-2 and B-3) and the C60 module (C-1). The photophysical properties of the H-bonding assemblies and the reference non-hydrogen bond-forming mixtures were studied using steady state UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemical characterization, and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Singlet energy transfer from the Bodipy antenna to the C60 module was confirmed by fluorescence quenching studies. The intersystem crossing of the latter produced the triplet excited state. The nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the triplet state is either localized on the C60 module (for assembly B-1·C-1), or on the styryl-Bodipy antenna (for assemblies B-2·C-1 and B-3·C-1). Intra-assembly forward–backward (ping-pong) singlet/triplet energy transfer was proposed. In contrast to the H-bonding assemblies, slow triplet energy transfer was observed for the non-hydrogen bonding mixtures. As a proof of concept, these supramolecular assemblies were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion.  相似文献   

7.
Fullerene C60 has been covalently bound to an insoluble hydrophilic polymeric matrix: Sephadex ® G‐200. The new polymeric equivalent of C60 swells in H2O to form gel‐like suspensions. The transient photochemical behavior of this polymeric fullerene has been studied in dry and H2O‐suspended samples. Both samples show a transient absorption similar to the absorption of the parent C60 solution. There is a lack of triplet‐triplet annihilation and of a O2‐quenching process in the dry sample. On the contrary, the O2‐quenching process is very efficient in the H2O‐suspended samples (kq(O2)=(1.9±0.5)×108 dm3 mol−1 s−1) and results in the formation of singlet oxygen, which is detected by its emission at 1270 nm. These results point to this hydrophilic polymeric equivalent of C60 as a good candidate for use as a singlet‐oxygen solid sensitizer in H2O suspensions.  相似文献   

8.
The nonlinear absorption and refraction of soluble phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines have been measured with z-scan technique using 8 ns, 532 nm laser pulses. The excited-state absorption cross-section and the excited-state refractive-index cross section have been estimated under the consideration of laser induced thermal effect. The excited state absorption induced n2 and Re χ(3) values are in the range of 10?12 esu. These observed data are enhanced by the concentrations of both metal substituted Pc's and Nc's, but this increment became very small for the metal free phthalocyanine. During the optical limiting experiments, a 25% linear transmitted solution of R8PcH2 can limit laser pulses to ≤ 120 μJ from incident energies as high as 2.0 mJ, and this limitation moved down to ≤ 50 μJ when replacing R8PcCu from P8PcH2. A similar property has also been observed for the metal substituted naphthalocyanines. The results indicate that both the nonlinear refraction and optical limiting properties should be strongly affected by the metal induced triplet-state nonlinear absorption in both Pc's and Nc's. Moreover, the laser pulses created a self trapped filament inside the solution of this optical limiter, while emitting time-resolved, concentric rings on a projection screen, which could be induced by the thermal lensing effect. The various optical nonlinear properties observed from these materials should make them valuable as an optical limiter.  相似文献   

9.
《Chemical physics》2005,308(1-2):93-102
The absorption and emission spectroscopic behaviour of cyclometalated fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] is studied at room temperature. Liquid solutions, doped films, and neat films are investigated. The absorption cross-section spectra including singlet–triplet absorption, the triplet–singlet stimulated emission cross-section spectra, the phosphorescence quantum distributions, the phosphorescence quantum yields and the phosphorescence signal decays are determined. In neat films fluorescence self-quenching occurs, in diluted solid solution (polystyrene and dicarbazole-biphenyl films) as well as deaerated liquid solution (toluene) high phosphorescence quantum yields are obtained, and in air-saturated liquid solutions (chloroform, toluene, tetrahydrofuran) the phosphorescence efficiency is reduced by triplet oxygen quenching. At intense short-pulse laser excitation the phosphorescence lifetime is shortened by triplet–triplet annihilation. No amplification of spontaneous emission in the phosphorescence spectral region was observed indicating higher excited-state absorption than stimulated emission.  相似文献   

10.
In this paper, the photophysical behavior of four panchromatically absorbing, homoleptic bis(4H-imidazolato)CuI complexes, with a systematic variation in the electron-withdrawing properties of the imidazolate ligand, were studied by wavelength-dependent time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Excitation at 400, 480, and 630 nm populates metal-to-ligand charge transfer, intraligand charge transfer, and mixed-character singlet states. The pump wavelength-dependent transient absorption data were analyzed by a recently established 2D correlation approach. Data analysis revealed that all excitation conditions yield similar excited-state dynamics. Key to the excited-state relaxation is fast, sub-picosecond pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion, which is accompanied by the relocalization of electron density onto a single ligand from the initially delocalized state at Franck-Condon geometry. Subsequent intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold is followed by a sub-100 ps decay to the ground state. The fast, nonradiative decay is rationalized by the low triplet-state energy as found by DFT calculations, which suggest perspective treatment at the strong coupling limit of the energy gap law.  相似文献   

11.
Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) between C60 and porphyrin (P) in a new polymer containing porphyrin, poly(p-phenylenevinylene), and pendant fullerene units has been investigated by nanosecond transient absorption and phosphorescence spectroscopy. Compared to the physically doping material systems, binding porphyrin/C60 through chemical bonds in a polymer detains the formation of the triplet states of porphyrins and C60. The formation of intermediate charge transfer state (CSS) of P+-C60 ? was observed, which led to the delayed formation of triplet states of porphyrins and C60. The reduced opto-electronic properties, such as optical limiting performance, were also observed, which resulted from the delayed formation of triplet states. The results presented in this article are significant in understanding the complicated spectral characteristics of the triplet state and charge transfer of the porphyrin and C60 complexes, and are therefore related to the controllable performance of the new materials in applications.  相似文献   

12.
The multiphoton absorption properties of the axially substituted tetrapyrazinotetraazaporphyrinato complex Pyz(4)TAPInCl (1) are reported and interpreted. In particular, the nonlinear optical transmission of the complex and the excited states involved in the nonlinear absorption have been determined at the frequency of the second harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser in the nanosecond time regime. Pyz(4)TAPInCl has an excited-state absorption cross section larger than its ground state in the 460-540 nm spectral region, and it shows an optical limiting (OL) behavior at 532 nm, which derives from a sequential two-photon absorption with a larger absorption cross section of the excited triplet state with respect to the ground state. It results that the absorption cross section of 1 in the excited triplet state is 7.8 x 10(-18) cm(2) vs 0.9 x 10(-18) cm(2) of the ground state at the wavelength of OL analysis.  相似文献   

13.
C60–bodipy triads and tetrads based on the energy‐funneling effect that show broadband absorption in the visible region have been prepared as novel triplet photosensitizers. The new photosensitizers contain two or three different light‐harvesting antennae associated with different absorption wavelengths, resulting in a broad absorption band (450–650 nm). The panchromatic excitation energy harvested by the bodipy moieties is funneled into a spin converter (C60), thus ensuring intersystem crossing and population of the triplet state. Nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption and spin density analysis indicated that the T1 state is localized on either C60 or the antennae, depending on the T1 energy levels of the two entities. The antenna‐localized T1 state shows a longer lifetime (τT=132.9 μs) than the C60‐localized T1 state (ca. 27.4 μs). We found that the C60 triads and tetrads can be used as dual functional photocatalysts, that is, singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical anion (O2 . ?) photosensitizers. In the photooxidation of naphthol to juglone, the 1O2 photosensitizing ability of the C60 triad is a factor of 8.9 greater than the conventional triplet photosensitizers tetraphenylporphyrin and methylene blue. The C60 dyads and triads were also used as photocatalysts for O2 . ?‐mediated aerobic oxidation of aromatic boronic acids to produce phenols. The reaction times were greatly reduced compared with when [Ru(bpy)3Cl2] was used as photocatalyst. Our study of triplet photosensitizers has shown that broadband absorption in the visible spectral region and long‐lived triplet excited states can be useful for the design of new heavy‐atom‐free organic triplet photosensitizers and for the application of these triplet photosensitizers in photo‐organocatalysis.  相似文献   

14.
By means of the flash photolysis technique, transient absorption spectra attributed to tetramethyl-dehydrodianthrone (TMD) in both the photochromic and triplet states have been investigated in polymethylmethacrylate matrices and in the solvent triacetin. In polymethylmethacrylate matrices and in rigid glasses of triacetin the triplet state of TMD is heavily populated. Triplet-triplet absorption and phosphorescence measurements show that below 180°K the triplet decay follows first order kinetics with the decay constant k=11,3 ± 0,1 s?1. In incompletely solidified triacetin glass it is possible to monitor the transient absorption of the photochromic and the triplet state simultaneously. It is shown that the photochromic state 1A1* is not generated via the triplet state. Therefore the authors suggest a kinetic scheme characterised by a direct singlet state - photochromic state transition.  相似文献   

15.
Texaphyrins are pentaazadentate macrocycles with interesting photophysical properties and potential applications as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, photosensitizers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrasting reagents, and radiation sensitizers, etc. To further red-shift the Q-like band of the texaphyrins, a benzotexaphyrin with an extensively delocalized pi-electron system was synthesized for the first time. Its photophysical characteristics were systematically investigated. Due to the extended pi-conjugation, the Q(0,0) band of benzotexaphyrin bathochromically shifts to 810 nm, and it emits at 825 nm with a singlet excited-state lifetime of 895 ps. Its triplet excited-state energy is estimated to be 119 kJ/mol. The triplet excited-state lifetime is approximately 2.2 micros, and the quantum yield of the triplet excited-state formation is 0.78. It also exhibits a triplet-triplet transient absorption in the region 505-590 nm. In addition, benzotexaphyrin exhibits high efficiency in generating singlet oxygen in methanol (Phi(Delta) = 0.65). Therefore, benzotexaphyrin could potentially be a NIR photosensitizer and emitter for photodynamic therapy and bioimaging applications.  相似文献   

16.
The complex 2,(3)‐tetrabromo‐3,(2)‐tetra[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl)phenyloxy]‐naphthalocyaninato lead [Br4(tBu2C6H3O)4NcPb, 1 ] has been prepared and its optical limiting properties for ns light pulses have been measured. Complex 1 behaves as a reverse saturable absorber within the spectral range 440–720 nm with a limiting threshold of 0.1 J cm?2 at 532 nm. The lifetime of the absorbing triplet excited state has been evaluated as 3.8×10?7 s and the quantum yield of triplet formation has been measured as 0.07 in toluene. The nonlinear optical transmission properties of complex 1 have also been determined in Plexiglas [naphthalocyanine content: 5.0×10?4 M (0.1 % by weight)]. A reversible nonlinear absorption was again observed for a fluence above 0.4 J cm?2, but through different excited‐state dynamics. This may be rationalized in terms of aggregation of the molecule in the polymer matrix.  相似文献   

17.
Benzene fluorination increases chemoselectivities for Dewar-benzenes via 4π-disrotatory electrocyclization. However, the origin of the chemo- and regioselectivities of fluorobenzenes remains unexplained because of the experimental limitations in resolving the excited-state structures on ultrafast timescales. The computational cost of multiconfigurational nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations is also currently cost-prohibitive. We now provide high-fidelity structural information and reaction outcome predictions with machine-learning-accelerated photodynamics simulations of a series of fluorobenzenes, C6F6-nHn, n=0–3, to study their S1→S0 decay in 4 ns. We trained neural networks with XMS-CASPT2(6,7)/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations, which reproduced the S1 absorption features with mean absolute errors of 0.04 eV (<2 nm). The predicted nonradiative decay constants for C6F4H2, C6F6, C6F3H3, and C6F5H are 116, 60, 28, and 12 ps, respectively, in broad qualitative agreement with the experiments. Our calculations show that a pseudo Jahn–Teller distortion of fluorinated benzenes leads to an S1 local-minimum region that extends the excited-state lifetimes of fluorobenzenes. The pseudo Jahn–Teller distortions reduce when fluorination decreases. Our analysis of the S1 dynamics shows that the pseudo-Jahn–Teller distortions promote an excited-state cis-trans isomerization of a πC-C bond. We characterized the surface hopping points from our NAMD simulations and identified instantaneous nuclear momentum as a factor that promotes the electrocyclizations.  相似文献   

18.
曾和平 《中国化学》2002,20(10):1025-1030
In search of new systems with a photoexcited redox pair which exhibits a strong and stable photoinduced absorption band to understand the photophyscial and photochemical properties of electron transfer between fullernes (C60/C70) and organic donor[N,N,N’,N’-tetra(p-methylphenyl)-4,4’-diamino-1,1’-diphenyl sulphide(TPDAS)],we studied characteristic absorption spectra in the near-IR region obtained from 532nm nanosecond laser flash photolysis of a mixture of the fullerenes (C60/C70) and TPDAS in polar solvents.When fullerenes (C60/C70)were photoexcithed,the rise of the radical anion of fullerenes (C60/C70)with the rapid decay of their excited triplet states were observed in benzonitrile.It can be deduced that the electron transfer reaction does take place from TPDAS to excithed triplet state of rullerens(C60/C70).The rate consants(ket)and quantum yiekls(φet) of this process have been also evaluated.  相似文献   

19.
This paper describes the results of a study of the photophysical properties of various methyl-angelicins (MA) in solvents of different polarity and proticity. The behavior of their excited singlet and triplet states was investigated by fluorometry and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. On the basis of semiempirical (ZINDO/S-CI) calculations and the solvent effect on the absorption and fluorescence properties, the lowest excited singlet state (S1) is assigned to a partially allowed π, π* state. The close lying S2 state is n,π* in nature. The efficiency of the decay pathways of S1 (fluorescence, intersystem crossing and internal conversion) strongly depends on the energy gap between the S1 and S2 states consistent with the manifestation of “proximity effect.” Thus, MA in cyclohexane decay only through S1→ S0 internal conversion, while in acetonitrile and ethanol, where the n, π* state is located at higher energy, their fluorescence and intersystem crossing increase significantly. The lowest excited triplet states (T1) were characterized in terms of their absorption spectra, decay kinetics, molar absorption coefficients and formation quantum yields. The interaction of T1 MA with molecular oxygen leads to an efficient formation of singlet oxygen, as evidenced by the appearance of characteristic IR phosphorescence centered at 1269 nm.  相似文献   

20.
A platinum complex with the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridinyl ligand ( 1 ) was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. UV/Vis absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption of 1 were systematically investigated. DFT calculations were carried out on 1 to characterize the electronic ground state and aid in the understanding of the nature of low‐lying excited electronic states. Complex 1 exhibits intense structured 1π–π* absorption at λabs<440 nm, and a broad, moderate 1M LCT/1LLCT transition at 440–520 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. A structured 3ππ*/3M LCT emission at about 590 nm was observed at room temperature and at 77 K. Complex 1 exhibits both singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption from 450 nm to 750 nm, which are tentatively attributed to the 1π–π* and 3π–π* excited states of the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligand, respectively. Z‐scan experiments were conducted by using ns and ps pulses at 532 nm, and ps pulses at a variety of visible and near‐IR wavelengths. The experimental data were fitted by a five‐level model by using the excited‐state parameters obtained from the photophysical study to deduce the effective singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption cross sections in the visible spectral region and the effective two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region. Our results demonstrate that 1 possesses large ratios of excited‐state absorption cross sections relative to that of the ground‐state in the visible spectral region; this results in a remarkable degree of reverse saturable absorption from 1 in CH2Cl2 solution illuminated by ns laser pulses at 532 nm. The two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region for 1 are among the largest values reported for platinum complexes. Therefore, 1 is an excellent, broadband, nonlinear absorbing material that exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two‐photon‐assisted excited‐state absorption in the near‐IR region.  相似文献   

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