Extraction and complex formation of thorium(IV) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

The extraction of thorium(IV) from aqueous hydrochloric and nitric acid solution by 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. Thorium(IV) is quantitatively extracted at pH > 3.8 from the hydrochloric acid solution containing an excess of chloride ions, and at pH > 2.5 from nitric acid solution containing an excess of nitrate ions. Extracted thorium can be quantitatively stripped with 1 M hydrochloric or nitric acid. The separation of protactinium from thorium is described. The mechanism of thorium extraction has been studied. The composition of the extractable thorium complexes depends on the HYTh concentration ratio and on the kind of mineral acid present in the aqueous phase. The solid complex ThCl₃Y·HY was isolated and its composition verified by chemical analysis.     

Extraction and separation of uranium(VI) and protactinium(V) with 1-(4-tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Summary The extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous hydrochloric or nitric acid, and the extraction of protactinium from hydrochloric acid by 1-(4-tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HY) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. At pH >4, uranium (VI) is quantitatively extracted while at pH < 1 practically all the uranium remains in the aqueous phase. At hydrochloric acid concentrations lower than 1M, protactinium(V) is quantitatively extracted while at hydrochloric acid concentration higher than 5M practically all the protactinium remains in the aqueous phase. This difference in extraction of uranium and protactinium was utilized for their separation. From 0.5M hydrochloric acid, protactinium is quantitatively extracted, and separated from uranium.The composition of the extracted uranium(VI) and protactinium (V) complexes was studied. A uranium complex with the formula UO₂Y₂ · HY was isolated from the chloroform solution. The solution of this complex in chloroform has a maximum absorbance at 319 nm and the molar absorptivity is 3.1×10⁴ l · mole^–1 · cm^–1. Owing to this property uranium can be determined spectro-photometrically directly in the organic phase.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Uran(VI) aus wäßriger Salzsäure oder Salpetersäure sowie die Extraktion von Protaktinium aus Salzsäure mit 1-(4-Tolyl)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridon (HY) in chloroformischer Lösung wurde untersucht. Bei pH > 4 wird U(VI) quantitativ extrahiert, während bei pH < 1 praktisch alles Uran in der wäßrigen Phase bleibt. Bei Salzsäurekonzen-trationen unter 1-m wird Protaktinium (V) quantitativ extrahiert, während bei Salzsäurekonzentrationen über 5-m praktisch alles Pa in der wäßrigen Phase bleibt. Dieser Unterschied bei der Extraktion der beiden Elemente wurde für deren Trennung benützt. Pa wird aus 0,5-m Salzsäure quantitativ extrahiert und so von Uran getrennt.Die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten U (VI)- und Pa (V)-Komplexe wurde untersucht. Ein Urankomplex der Formel UO₂ · Y₂ · HY wurde aus der Chloroformlösung isoliert. Die Lösung dieses Komplexes in Chloroform hat ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 319 nm und eine molare Extinktion von 3,1 · 10⁴ l · mol^–1 · cm^–1. Auf Grund dieser Eigenschaft kann Uran spektrophotometrisch direkt in der organischen Phase bestimmt werden.

     

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(iv) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

Titanium(IV) in sulphuric, perchloric and hydrochloric acid media reacts with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) to give a complex which is extractable into chloroform. The composition of the extractable complex depends on the acidity of the aqueous phase and on which mineral acid is used. The mixed titanium-perchlorate-HY complex which is formed in the presence of excess of perchlorate is the most suitable for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.6×10⁴1·mole^–1·cm^–1 at 355 nm. The optimum titanium concentration range is 0.5–6,g/ml. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of titanium in samples of bauxite and alumina refractory.     

Extraction,complex formation and spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) with 2-carbethoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

Summary The extraction of iron(III) from aqueous HCl, H₂SO₄, HClO₄, HNO₃ solutions by 2-carbethoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HA) dissolved in CHCl₃ has been studied. Quantitative extraction of iron(III) is achieved if the concentration of the acids does not exceed 1N. The composition of the iron (III)—HA complex formed in the organic phase was investigated spectrophotometrically, radiometrically and by analysis of the isolated species. In the aqueous phase iron (III) and HA form three different complexes, depending on the initial iron: HA concentration ratio and the pH of the solution. They are the violet FeA²⁺, the orange-red FeA₂ ⁺ and the orange-yellow FeA₃. The latter is identical with the complex found in the organic phase, which was isolated as a solid crystalline material and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. A spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron(III) in the aqueous phase and in the chloroform solution, by extraction with HA, is described.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Fe(III) aus wäßrigen Lösungen von HCl, H₂SO₄, HClO₄ oder HNO₃ mit 2-Carbäthoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridon (HA) in chloroformischer Lösung wurde untersucht. Sie verläuft quantitativ, wenn die Konzentration der Säure nicht größer ist als 1-n. Die Zusammensetzung des Fe(III)-HA-Komplexes in der organischen Phase wurde spektrophotometrisch, radiometrisch und durch Analyse der isolierten Substanz untersucht. In wäßrigem Milieu bilden Eisen(III) und HA drei verschiedene Komplexe je nach dem anfänglichen Konzentrationsverhältnis Fe(III): HA und je nach dem pH der Lösung. FeA²⁺ ist violett, FeA₂ ⁺ ist orange-rot und FeA₃ orangegelb. Diese Verbindung ist mit dem in der organischen Phase gefundenen Komplex identisch, der in kristallisierter Form isoliert und durch Elementaranalyse und IR-Spektrometrie charakterisiert wurde. Eine spektrophotometrische Methode zur Eisen(III)-Bestimmung in wäßriger Phase und in chloroformischer Lösung durch Extraktion mit HA wurde beschrieben.

     

Solvent extraction and separation of zirconium,niobium and tantalum by 2-carbethoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

Summary Extraction of zirconium, niobium and tantalum from oxalic and hydrofluoric acid solutions, by 2-carbethoxy-5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HA) dissolved in chloroform was studied. Extraction mechanism for the extraction of zirconium from oxalate solutions and of niobium from fluoride solutions is proposed. Separation of zirconium and niobium from oxalate solution as well as from fluoride solution and tantalum and niobium from fluoride solution is described. Back-extraction of these metals is possible by hydrofluoric and oxalic acid. Results obtained show that the efficiency of extraction by HA decreases in the sequence tantalum > niobium > zirconium.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Zirkonium, Niob und Tantal aus oxalsauren und fluorwasserstoffsauren Lösungen mit Hilfe einer chloroformischen Lösung von 2-Carbäthoxy-5-hydroxy-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridon wurde untersucht. Ein Extraktionsmechanismus für Zirkonium aus Oxalatlösungen und für Niob aus Fluoridlösungen wurde vorgeschlagen. Die Trennung von Zirkonium und Niob aus einer Oxalatlösung oder aus einer Fluoridlösung sowie von Tantal und Niob aus einer Fluoridlösung wurde beschrieben. Die Rückextraktion dieser Metalle mit Flußsäure und Oxalsäure ist möglich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Effizienz der Extraktion in der Reihenfolge Tantal > Niob > Zirkonium abfällt.

     

Rearrangement of 5-hydroxy-1-(4-tolyl)-4-N-methylcarbamoyl-1,2,3-triazole to 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-N-(4-tolyl)-carbamoyl-1,2,3-triazole

Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, p. 2875, December, 1989.     

Spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry -     

Solvent extraction of molybdenum(VI) with 1-Phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone

Summary The extraction of molybdenum(VI) from aqueous hydrochloric or perchloric acid solution by 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HX) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. Molybdenum(VI) is quantitatively extracted from aqueous solution in the range 0.001–1M hydrogen ion concentration. Outside this range, the extraction of molybdenum decreases and at 10M acid concentration or at pH>6 practically all the molybdenum remains in the aqueous phase. Molybdenum can be stripped with 10M HCl. The composition of the extracted molybdenum(VI) species was found to be MoO₂X₂. This complex, dissolved in chloroform, has a maximum absorbance at 317 nm and a molar absorptivity of 2.5×10⁴ 1 · mole^–1 · cm^–1. Owing to this property, molybdenum can be determined spectrophotometrically directly in the organic phase.

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Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Mo(VI) aus wäßriger Salzsäure oder Perchlorsäure mit 1-Phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridon (HX) in chloroformischer Lösung wurde untersucht. Sie erfolgt quantitativ bei 0,001–1-molarer H-Ionenkonzentration. Außerhalb dieses Bereiches fällt die Extraktionsrate ab und aus 10-m Säure bzw. bei pH>6 bleibt praktisch alles Molybdän in der wäßrigen Phase. Mit 10-m Salzsäure kann man Mo abtrennen. Die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten Mo-Verbindung entspricht der Formel MoO₂X₂. Dieser in Chloroform gelöste Komplex hat ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 317 nm und eine molare Extinktion von 2,5 · 10⁴l · Mol^–1 cm^–1. Demzufolge läßt sich Molybdän unmittelbar in der organischen Phase spektrophotometrisch bestimmen.

     

Extractive spectrophotometric determination of niobium(V) with 3-hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one

A coloured complex of niobium (V) with 3-hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HTC) is produced in perchloric acid medium (4 mol/L); it is quite stable and extractable into dichloromethane. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.0–1.9 g Nb(V) mL^–1. The molar absorptivity at _max=420 nm is 5.0357×10⁴ L mol^–1 cm^–1. Using Job's method and the mole ratio method, the ratio of metal to ligand (Nb:HTC) in the extracted species has been found to be 1:2. The effect of anions and foreign metals is described.     

Spectrophotometric determination of tungsten as a mixed thiocyanate-1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone complex

Spectrophotometric determination of tungsten with thiocyanate was described. Tungsten(VI) was reduced with tin(II) chloride in hydrochloric acid solution, complexed with thiocyanate ions, and the complex formed was extracted with 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HX) in chloroform. The extracted complex had the ratio W:SCN:HX 1:3:2. The method described is sensitive, selective, and reproducible. The color of the tungsten-thiocyanate complex in the organic phase is stable. Few metals interfere; the separation of the interfering elements was discussed.     

Structure and chemistry of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone

The structure of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone formed by the reaction of 6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione and ammonia is characterized. A method is discussed for the structure determination of pyridone type compounds. Reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone with an equivalent amount of benzenesulfonyl chloride gives 4-benzenesulfonyloxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone. With two equivalent amounts of benzenesulfonyl chloride, 2,4-dibenzenesulfonyloxy-6-picoline is formed. 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone is preferentially attacked by electrophiles at the 3 position.     

Preparation of substituted 4-(3-methyl-3-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2-ethoxy-1,3-dioxolanes

A method has been developed for the preparation of 4-(3-hydroxy-1-alkynyl)-substituted 2-ethoxy-1,3-dioxolanes (which are novel flotation reagents for coal) based on the reaction between acetylene 1,2,5-triols and orthoformic ester in the presence of catalytic quantities of benzoic acid.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 770–771, June, 1987.     

Synthesis and spectral analysis of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide and (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide

Treatment of (±)-cis-N-(3-methyl-4-piperidyl)-N-phenylpropanamide (2) with styrene oxide (1) yielded a mixture of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (3) and (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (4) . The structure of compound 3 was confirmed by an unambiguous synthesis via (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (6) . The proton and carbon-13 resonances of compounds 3 and 4 were assigned with the aid of two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation experiments.