超燃火焰稳定凹腔自激振荡特性的数值研究

对超声速冷流条件下用于超燃冲压发动机的凹腔火焰稳定器的自激振荡特性进行研究.采用混合RANS/LES方法对非定常流场进行数值模拟,考虑了凹腔的长深比和后缘角度两个关键参数.混合RANS/LES方法很好的捕捉到流场非定常大尺度结构并揭示了凹腔自由剪切层的演化过程.对凹腔压力振荡历程进行幅频分析,所得到的频率和理论分析结果与文献计算结果符合的很好.结果表明,凹腔的长深比和后缘角度对凹腔自激振荡特性都有很大的影响.随着凹腔长深比的减小,振荡能量趋于集中到某些频率对应的振荡模式上.随着凹腔后缘倾角的减小,大部分频率对应的振荡很快的被削弱;相对于陡后缘凹腔,小角度后缘凹腔只有较高频率对应的振荡模式存在.     

高声压传声器校准器的校准

本文对高声压传声器校准器,腔内声压级受传声器前腔体积的影响进行了计算和测量,并叙述了校准方法。结果表明,保持校准器插入电压不变的条件下,在其工作频率范围内,传声器前腔体积变化,会使校准器腔内的声压级随频率产生不同程度的变化。若不对传声器前腔体积的影响进行修正,会带来多达几分贝的校准误差。本文采用前腔体积已知的标准传声器和激光测振仪测量腔体积,并采用激光测振仪测量活塞振幅的方法来校准高压传声器校准器.校准的声压级范围为124dB—164dB,校准精确度为±0.27dB。     

激光二极管端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO4平凹腔型激光器

理论上分析了端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO4平凹腔型激光器的各项参数;实验上实现了LD端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO4平凹腔型激光器的运转.     

用矩阵方法讨论稳定平凹法布里-珀罗共振腔的失调对光程差影响

本文用矩阵方法讨论了实践中广泛应用的稳定平凹法布里-珀罗共振腔(以下简称平凹腔),失调对光程差的影响。原理上,本方法适用一般球面腔。然而,为分析方便起见,仅讨论了微小调范围内平凹腔,并且经过理论与实验结果比较,得出三个结论:(1)平凹腔准确地调直时,光程差受失调影响最灵敏。(2)平凹腔在微小失调角范围内有“自准直”效应,以及实验得出光程差随失调角增加而涨落。(3)如失调角小于1",失调对光程差的影响小于3×10~(-9),若进一步使失调角小于0.2",则影响将降到10~(-10)以下.     

激光二极管端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO4平凹腔型激光器

理论上分析了端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO₄平凹腔型激光器的各项参数；实验 上实现了LD端面抽运的1.34μm Nd:YVO₄平凹腔型激光器的运转. 关键词： 固体激光 4晶体')" href="#">Nd:YVO₄晶体 平凹腔     

方向稳定He-Ne激光器谐振腔的设计

本文从谐振腔的角度研究He-Ne激光的方向稳定性问题.首先求出共焦腔在反射镜对称倾斜时的本征模式,由此讨论其输出激光的方向飘移.然后借助共焦腔与平凹腔的等价关系从理论上求得方向稳定的平凹腔的凹面镜曲率半径与腔长的比值β应等于1.综合考虑平凹腔的稳定工作区域和强度稳定性的要求,β值应大一些.试制了β=1.2的He-Ne激光器测量结果表明方向稳定性明显提高.     

大口径薄片激光器中的谐振模式及光束质量诊断

基于自再现原理,利用菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分方程,引入腔镜失调、激光介质上的增益分布以及光阑口径,采用本征矢量法分析了大口径平凹腔薄片激光器的本征模式,并计算了相应的光束质量因子M2.建立了千瓦级薄片激光系统和光纤扫描光斑诊断装置,开展了高功率激光输出特性研究.结果表明,在大口径高功率平凹腔中多个本征模式可同时起振,获...     

热透镜效应对半整块腔型中二次谐波过程的影响

二次谐波过程是制备高功率、宽波长范围激光的有效途径.在二次谐波过程中,晶体的热透镜效应是限制转换效率进一步提高的重要因素,热透镜效应对二次谐波转换效率的影响随着基频光功率的增大而加剧.本文理论分析了不同半整块腔型中热透镜效应对转换效率的影响关系;实验上搭建了两种腔型进行高效外腔倍频制备532 nm激光,测量其倍频转换效率随基频光功率的变化关系.对于平凹型半整块腔,在输入光功率为800 mW时,产生747 mW的532 nm激光输出,得到最佳的转换效率为93.4%±3%;对于双凹型半整块腔,在输入光功率为600 mW时,产生529 mW的532 nm激光输出,得到的最佳转换效率为88.2%±3%.研究表明,热透镜效应对双凹型半整块腔的转换效率影响相对较大,且随着腔内损耗的增加而加剧;相比于双凹型半整块腔,平凹型结构可以实现更高效的倍频转换.本文的理论及实验结果可在量子信息科学、光学频率计量以及生物医学等领域的研究中发挥重要作用.     

大激活体积高功率CO_2激光器环状输出稳定腔的研究

本文从理论和实验上研究了具有环状耦合、工作在稳定腔边缘的凹-凸型高功率激光稳定腔.在一台大激活体积万瓦级模流CO_2激光器上进行实验,获得了具有良好方向性的均匀的环状分布近场花样的7kw激光输出.     

沸腾核化的稳定性分析

本文对圆柱形核化凹腔的活化稳定性作了改进分析,考虑了凹腔壁上薄液膜对汽-液界面移动的附加强化作用,得到了凹腔内汽-液界面运动方程的分析解;建立了凹腔活化稳定性判据;讨论了界面移动的特征,比较表明,本文解的准确性比已有的分析解有所改进。     

合成双射流对下游声压级影响试验

在Ma=0.4的来流条件下, 利用安装在主翼后缘处的合成双射流激励器对襟翼上的流动进行控制, 在风洞中开展了合成双射流对下游声压级影响的研究. 基于脉动压力测量结果, 结合油流显示试验, 得到了合成双射流对下游不同流动状态区域声压级影响的一些结论. 对于附着流, 在其峰值频率附近激励会明显提高其声压级; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 恰当的合成双射流控制可以降低声压级, 激励频率较为关键. 在俯仰运动过程中, 对于附着流, 激励提高了声压级, 但不改变其迟滞特性; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 激励对声压级的影响与攻角有关, 能够减弱其迟滞特性, 但激励强度对迟滞特性的影响较小, 减小声压级的最佳激励与运动历程有关.      

均匀流中剪切变形加筋层合板声与振动特性研究

基于一阶剪切变形理论, 建立了分析均匀流中周期加筋层合板声振特性的理论模型. 该模型应用对流波动方程及边界条件精确考虑了均匀流与层合板的耦合作用, 加强筋通过法向线力及扭矩与层合板相互作用, 利用傅里叶波数变换和稳相法, 得到了位移谱和辐射声压的解析表达式. 计算结果与已有公开数据符合良好, 验证了模型的有效性. 数值结果表明, 在高频段不能忽略剪切变形和加强筋扭转运动的影响; 增大均匀流速度可降低结构的辐射声压; 适当调整板厚和加强筋间距可有效避开结构的辐射声压波峰. 关键词： 均匀流 第一阶剪切变形理论 层合板 波数变换     

Vocal intensity in speakers and singers.

Vocal intensity is studied as a function of fundamental frequency and lung pressure. A combination of analytical and empirical models is used to predict sound pressure levels from glottal waveforms of five professional tenors and twenty five normal control subjects. The glottal waveforms were obtained by inverse filtering the mouth flow. Empirical models describe features of the glottal flow waveform (peak flow, peak flow derivative, open quotient, and speed quotient) in terms of lung pressure and phonation threshold pressure, a key variable that incorporates the Fo dependence of many of the features of the glottal flow. The analytical model describes the contributions to sound pressure levels SPL by the vocal tract. Results show that SPL increases with Fo at a rate of 8-9 dB/octave provided that lung pressure is raised proportional to phonation threshold pressure. The SPL also increases at a rate of 8-9 dB per doubling of excess pressure over threshold, a new quantity that assumes considerable importance in vocal intensity calculations. For the same excess pressure over threshold, the professional tenors produced 10-12 dB greater intensity than the male nonsingers, primarily because their peak airflow was much higher for the same pressure. A simple set of rules is devised for predicting SPL from source waveforms.     

The accent method of voice therapy: Effect of accentuations on FO, SPL, and airflow

The effect of the increased flow rate (ΔU) in response to the Accent Method exercises on fundamental frequency (FO) and sound pressure level (SPL) was studied in three subjects (professionally trained, trained, and untrained in this method). In all the subjects, the rhythmic accentuated exercises produced a variable degree of increase in FO (ΔFO) and SPL (ΔSPL). The professionally trained subject showed greater ΔFO and ΔSPL in response to the ΔU in the fastest tempo, which requires higher skills. Both trained subjects showed a greater correlation between ΔU and both ΔSPL and ΔFO, as well as between ΔFO and ΔSPL, as compared to the untrained subject. The effects of the accentuated exercises on FO and SPL in response to the increased airflow rate (ΔU) thus appear to demonstrate the treating effectiveness of the Accent Method.     

Suppression effect of jet flow on pulsating pressure of cavity using scale-adaptive simulation model

The suppression of the aerodynamic noise in the cavity has a great significance to solve relevant puzzles of weapon bays.Acoustic field of the standard cavity model is simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics technology based on scale-adaptive simulation(SAS)model.The results obtained by the proposed method in this paper show reasonable agreement with experiments.On the basis of this,effect of different jet flow rates on the time-averaged variables,turbulent kinetic energy,root mean square(RMS)of sound pressure,sound sources distribution and the pulsating pressure distribution in the cavity is studied.The analysis shows that the jet flow has great influence on the cavity flow field and the distribution of pulsating pressure RMS by changing the morphology of the shear layer.The most obvious of these measures is spout4 configuration,the influence mainly in the form of reducing the pulsating pressure of the whole cavity and changing the sound pressure level in the far field.The results show that different jet flow rates have different control effects on pulsating pressure in the cavity and sound pressure level in the far field.Furthermore,the jet flow rates and the suppression effect on the pulsating pressure have no linear relation.     

An Exploration of Skin Acceleration Level as a Measure of Phonatory Function in Singing

Two kinds of fluctuations are observed in phonetogram recordings of singing. Sound pressure level (SPL) can vary due to vibrato and also due to the effect of open and closed vowels. Since vowel variation is mostly a consequence of vocal tract modification and is not directly related to phonatory function, it could be helpful to suppress such variation when studying phonation. Skin acceleration level (SAL), measured at the jugular notch and on the sternum, might be less influenced by effects of the vocal tract. It is explored in this study as an alternative measure to SPL. Five female singers sang vowel series on selected pitches and in different tasks. Recorded data were used to investigate two null hypotheses: (1) SPL and SAL are equally influenced by vowel variation and (2) SPL and SAL are equally correlated to subglottal pressure (P(S)). Interestingly, the vowel variation effect was small in both SPL and SAL. Furthermore, in comparison to SPL, SAL correlated weakly to P(S). SAL exhibited practically no dependence on fundamental frequency, rather, its major determinant was the musical dynamic. This results in a non-sloping, square-like phonetogram contour. These outcomes show that SAL potentially can facilitate phonetographic analysis of the singing voice.     

Behavioral vocal response thresholds to mating calls in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Male bullfrogs will vocalize in response to playbacks of the mating (advertisement) calls of conspecifics. This behavior was studied in response to playbacks of bullfrog mating calls presented at six different sound intensity levels. The lowest sound intensity level tested (50 dB SPL) was insufficient to evoke calling from any of the animals. Calling was evoked by playback levels of 60 dB SPL and higher. The data suggest that behavioral evoked calling thresholds lie between 50-60 dB SPL for these animals. Playback intensity levels of 80 dB SPL were more effective in evoking responses than were intensity levels up to 20 dB higher or lower. This was true both in terms of the total number of evoked responses and the trial number at which responding ceased. Moreover, significantly less habituation of evoked calling occurred at levels of 80 dB SPL than at higher or lower levels. The data suggest that a sound pressure level of 80 dB represents a behaviorally preferred intensity level for evoked calling in the bullfrog. Field recordings of bullfrog choruses show that the intensity produced by an individual calling male reaches a level of 80 dB SPL at a distance of 1 m. This intensity level is identical to that producing maximal evoked calling in the laboratory.     

Influence of in situ, sound-level calibration on distortion-product otoacoustic emission variability

Standing waves can cause errors during in-the-ear calibration of sound pressure level (SPL), affecting both stimulus magnitude and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) level. Sound intensity level (SIL) and forward pressure level (FPL) are two measurements theoretically unaffected by standing waves. SPL, SIL, and FPL in situ calibrations were compared by determining sensitivity of DPOAE level to probe-insertion depth (deep and "shallow") for a range of stimulus frequencies (1-8 kHz) and levels (20-60 dB). Probe-insertion depth was manipulated with the intent to shift the frequencies with standing-wave minima at the emission probe, introducing variability during SPL calibration. The absolute difference in DPOAE level between insertions was evaluated after correcting for an incidental change caused by the effect of ear-canal impedance on the emission traveling from the cochlea. A three-way analysis of variance found significant main effects for stimulus level, stimulus frequency, and calibration method, as well as significant interactions involving calibration method. All calibration methods exhibited changes in DPOAE level due to the insertion depth, especially above 4 kHz. However, SPL demonstrated the greatest changes across all stimulus levels for frequencies above 2 kHz, suggesting that SIL and FPL provide more consistent measurements of DPOAEs for frequencies susceptible to standing-wave calibration errors.