平面强爆震波对运动薄物体的绕射

本文用奇点分布法研究平面强爆震波对运动三维薄物体的绕射问题,并求得解析解。这个解是以前激波绕射问题Ting和Gunzburger解在强爆震波情况的推广。     

环形激波绕射, 反射和聚焦的数值模拟研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦的问题进行了数值模拟研究，研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时，绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减；不同马赫数的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波，导致聚焦效果和位置的差异；另外，环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线，两者有本质不同。     

动力刚化问题的实验研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦 的问题进行了数值模拟研究. 研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在 圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时，绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减；不同马赫数 的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波，导致聚焦效果和位置的差异；另外， 环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线,两者有本质不同.     

一种新的运动激波--非定常边界层相互干扰现象

本文探讨了一种新的激波－非定常边界层相互干扰现象，这种激波－边界层干扰现象既不同于定常激波－边界层干扰现象，又不同于激波在端面反射后与该激波所诱导的边界层之间的干扰现象，而是运动激波与稀疏波和第一激波所诱导的非这常边界层之间的干扰现象，本文对这种现象用微波动力学理论进行分析，并把这种干扰现象看成激波的绕射现象，同时在稀疏波破膜的双驱动激波管中进行实验观察，最后把理论分析与实验观察进行了比较。     

相对论激波的稳定性

本文根据朗道和栗弗席兹给激波稳定性(进化)下的定义,讨论了狭义相对论激波的稳定性,证明了在沿波阵面法向的一维小扰动情况下,当且仅当波前为超声速(M_1>1)而波后为亚声速(M_2<1)时,激波是稳定的。对于包含切向扰动在内的二维扰动,则即使已满足M_1>1,M_2<1的条件,仍存在某种频率和波矢量范围的扰动,使激波不稳定。因此,激波对于二、三维扰动是不稳定的。 小扰动波是入射还是离散若分别用相速度及群速度来定义它们,所得出的稳定的频率和波矢量范围是不同的。 作为两种特例,本文还具体讨论了极端相对论及非相对论两种激波的稳定性,后者的结果与文献[6]的结果同。     

高速运动中激波的近似计算

本文着重分析了Rosciszewski的计算激波的方法和whitham的特征准则,并指出了近似计算激波的途径.作为一个例子,计算了钝头圆柱体在高超声速运动下产生的激波.     

球形气泡实验中肥皂膜运动特性的初步探讨

肥皂膜是激波加载球形气泡的实验研究工作中分隔不同气体的材料,它在激波加栽下的运动发展特征在已有工作中并未受到关注。本文对弱激波加栽球形气泡实验中肥皂膜的运动特性的分析认为,在肥皂膜的运动中存在着由激波和波后气流驱动导致的聚能射流运动现象,并用相关的实验结果进行了验证。由于肥皂膜的这种运动特性,在理论、实验和数值模拟研究中不应忽视它对球形气泡演化发展的影响。     

关于超音速流中运动激波若干问题的研究

研究了在无粘完全气体流中的运动激波 ,讨论了激波运动速度D和来流速度U对激波后气流参数的影响 ,包括对激波后的总焓比值和总压比值以及对流转角的影响。计算结果表明它们不同于通常静止激波下所得到的结果。该内容涉及到超音速射流与障碍物或空腔体相互作用时出现的失稳状态下激波的振动和空腔体底部的反常加热问题。     

IS SONIC-BOOM-CLOUD RELATED TO SONIC BOOM?

"音爆云"实质是飞机飞过高湿度空气时因局部流场加速使温度降低至露点以下而形成的水汽凝结云团,将其称为凝结云更为恰当。将凝结云按飞行速度和不同特征分成3类：低亚声速不规则凝结云、高亚声速锥形凝结云和超声速凝结云。本文分别讨论了3类凝结云的形成机制、不同特点及其与激波、突破"声障"和"声爆"的关系。第1类与"声爆"无关;第2类伴随局部弱激波、未突破"声障",与"声爆"基本无关;第3类则与超声速激波及其"声爆"有关。     

流固偶合运动的边界元法

本文给出了流固偶合运动(包括物体散射辐射及偶合运动)的边界元法理论和应用.对于散射问题,求出了物体引起的散射势及入射波作用于物体的载荷.对于辐射问题,求出了辐射势及物体在流体中运动的附加质量和附加阻尼.偶合问题包括求其中包含的散射势和辐射势以及作用于物体之上的散射力、物体的附加质量、附加阻尼、物体在入射波作用下的运动.在偶合运动问题中,本文采取了边界积分方程与物体在流体中的运动方程联立求解的方法,并将其运用到边界元法的数值过程中.所编制的程序有较高的精度.最后给出了数值计算结果与理论解的比较.     

Flow and heat transfer in a moving fluid over a moving flat surface

In this paper, a numerical analysis of the momentum and heat transfer of an incompressible fluid past a parallel moving sheet based on composite reference velocity U is carried out. A single set of equations has been formulated for both momentum and thermal boundary layer problems containing the following parameters: r the ratio of the free stream velocity to the composite reference velocity, σ (Prandtl number) the ratio of the momentum diffusivity of the fluid to its thermal diffusivity, and E _c (E _ck ) (Eckert number). The present study has been carried out in the domain 0 ≤ r ≤ 1. It is found that the direction of the wall shear changes in such an interval and an increase of the parameter r yields an increase in temperature.      

Freeze-coating on a continuous moving sheet and on an axially moving cylinder

This paper considers one-dimensional heat transfer model for the freeze-coating of a polymeric substance on a continuously moving sheet and on an axially moving cylinder. Analytical expressions are obtained for the freeze-coat thickness; also presented the solutions for an upper bound on the thickness of the frozenlayer using thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Effect of Stefan number on freeze-coat thickness is briefly discussed and also the application of the present results with an example.     

Boundary layer on the moving surface of a cylinder

A study is made of the problem of the boundary layer on a cylinder with a moving surface when the cylinder moves with constant velocity in an incompressible fluid. Expressions are obtained for the distributions of the frictional stress on the surface of the cylinder and the coordinate of the singular point in the solution of the boundary layer equations that indicates the appearance of a region of reverse flow for different values of the relative velocity of the motion of the surface of the cylinder. Numerical calculations have been made of the work of the force of friction associated with displacement of the cylinder, the work expended on the motion of its surface, and, in the case of flow separation, the work of the pressure forces (it being assumed here that the pressure and friction on the wall behind the singular point are constant and equal to the pressure and friction at the singular point).     

Heat generation at the tip of a moving crack

The high energy concentration at the tip of a moving crack causes irreversible deformations and produces heat as a consequence. The resulting temperatures were calculated by consideration of the crack tip as a moving heat-source of rectangular shape. In brittle materials with very small plastic zones and high crack velocities, these temperatures are predicted to be higher than 1000 K. For the experimental verification of these calculations, a very sensitive radiation thermometer was developed. It registers the intensity of the radiation at four wavelengths. By comparison of these intensities with that of black body radiation, the temperature was determined as 3200 K for glass and 4700 K for quartz.     

Viscoelastic layer under the action of a moving load

Recently, problems concerning the dynamic behavior of imperfect continuous media under various types of actions have been widely investigated. The method of Laplace transformation is very convenient for describing physical processes concerning unsteady phenomena. In viscoelastic media two complications are added: the representation of the properties of a medium depending on time, and the inversion of the obtained solutions containing this additional complication. Certain approximate methods of inversion in the analysis of viscoelastic stresses are discussed in [1]. In [2, 3] a discussion is given for an effective method of constructing the solution of unsteady problems for finite and for infinite imperfect media using auxiliary functions, and a solution is presented for a half-space. Making use of the idea of the inversion of transforms, discussed in [4], in [5] a solution is obtained and a complete picture is presented for the dynamics of the variation of the stress field in a viscoelastic half-space. In the present study we consider the action of a normal moving load that is suddenly applied to the free surface of a viscoelastic layer. By Laplace and Fourier integral transformations we obtain a solution in the form of a uniformly converging series based on longitudinal and transverse waves reflected in the layer. By means of inverting the transforms by the method discussed in [4, 5], we obtain an exact solution for the stress field in the medium under investigation. We consider the special case of a viscoelastic medium of Boltzmann type, for which we obtain a numerical realization of the solution on a digital computer.     

On the flow around a moving plate by a traveling shock

The incidence of a weak shock on a plate moving at supersonic speed is examined theoretically. The shock overtakes the plate. Cases with constant stream parameters behind the shock front and with a nonuniform stream are considered. Formulas are obtained for the time dependence of the plate lift.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1972.     

On the motion of a material point on a moving surface

Summary Sufficient conditions are given for the stability and instability of the equilibrium position x=y=z=0 in the mechanical system consisting of a material point constrained to move on the moving surface z=−λ(t)(x²+y²) (λ(t)>0) in a constant field of gravity (the axis 0z is directed vertically upward) under the action of viscous friction of total dissipation.

---

Sommario Si danno condizioni sufficienti per la stabilità e la instabilità della posizione di equilibrio x=y=z=0 nel sistema meccanico che consiste di un punto materiale vincolato a muoversi sulla superficie mobile z=−λ(t)(x²+y²) (λ(t)>0) in un campo di gravità costante (l'asse 0z è diretto verticalmente e orientato verso l'alto) sotto l'azione di attriti viscosi con dissipazione completa.

     

Kinetic cooling of a moving gas

A study is made of the effects that arise when a moving gas absorbs electromagnetic radiation whose frequency is in resonance with the frequency of the center of a spectral line of a vibrational-rotational transition of molecules of the mixture. It is shown that the variation of the gas-dynamic parameters depends on the relationships between the rates of the stimulated transitions, intramolecular V — V exchange, and V — T relaxation, and the maximal effects are attained in the neighborhood of the sonic point.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 127–138, May–June, 1982.     

Instability of a moving plane-parallel layer

A study is made of infinitely small perturbations of a moving plane-parallel layer. It is shown that, in distinction from an isolated tangential discontinuity, a layer is unstable with any given values of the projection of the velocity of the layer on the wave vector of the perturbation. The instability of an isolated tangential discontinuity has been repeatedly investigated in detail (see, for example, [1–4]). The instability of a moving layer has remained almost unanalyzed. It is of importance to make such an analysis, the more so since the results for a layer differ qualitatively from the results for an isolated tangential discontinuity.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 11–14, May–June, 1972.