蓝宝石的近边精细结构和电子数布居分析

利用透射电子显微镜的电子能量损失谱研究了蓝宝石AlL和OK近边精细结构，给出了Al原子和O原子的电子数布居分析及不同分截面的比较.通过考虑一个原子在均匀固体中的电离来解释近边电离区中的元素效应.应用推广的Hückel分子轨道理论及反映了晶体变换对称性影响的布洛赫定理来计算电子从内层向价层的跃迁，从而解释了近边区域的化学效应.还考虑了附加的化学效应，这来自激发原子附近的原子产生的外行平面波弹性后向散射，由此产生电离区中的所谓延展精细结构.理论计算结果与实验得到的蓝宝石单相区电子能量损失谱符合较好. 关键词：     

Al的能量吸收边缘和电子粒子数布居分析

给出了Al电子能量损失谱吸收边缘的理论解释、电子粒子数布居分析及不同散射分截面计算结果的比较.能量吸收边缘被归一化为每原子每电子伏的散射截面.对散射截面的贡献来自三个方面.第一是来自应用推广的Hückel带模型得到的电子从内层向价层的跃迁;第二是来自利用电子气模型得到的电离末态;第三是来自激发原子附近的原子产生的外行平面波弹性反向散射.理论计算结果与实验得到的电子能量损失谱符合较好. 关键词：     

1 500 eV入射下氦原子的电子碰撞双重微分散射截面测量

本工作使用高分辨快电子能量损失谱仪,在入射电子能量1 500 eV、能量分辨200 meV和散射角度0.5°～ 4.0°的实验条件下,测量了氦原子在电离连续区24.5～28.5 eV的双重微分散射截面.通过与理论及其它入射能量实验结果的比较,认为在入射电子能量为1 500 eV 时一阶Born近似成立.     

电子与锂和铍原子碰撞角分布的理论研究

用模型势方法研究电子与锂和铍原子弹性散射，计算了能量从０．１到１．０ｅＶ散射电子的角分布（微分散射截面），从理论计算中，看到在０．１－１．０ｅＶ能区内，随入射电子能量增加，电子被Ｌｉ和Ｂｅ原子散射的微分截面有相似变化，即小角微分散射截面越来越大     

表面电子能量损失谱

表而电子能量损失谱是表面分析实验技术中较新的一种.这一方法是用具有高度单色性的低能电子束作为入射粒子束,来测量经晶体样品表面散射后的电子的能谱.在入射电子(设其能量为E0)被样品背向散射到真空中去的过程中,有可能激发起若干量子能量分别为 等的振动模,因而在散射谱中会出现能量分别为E1=E0- …等的一系列损失峰.这些振动模或者仅与衬底原子有关(如声子激发),或者同时与吸附在表面上的原子或分子有关.因此,通过对谱的分析可以得到关于表面结构、吸附物种类和吸附位置等许多重要信息. 在表面电子能量损失谱中所用的入射电子的动能…     

氢离子在固体表面掠角散射与能量损失的数值模拟

利用介电响应理论和镜像反射模型对氢离子在固体表面掠角散射和能量损失进行了数值模拟．离子在表面散射时同时受到表面上原子的库仑排斥作用和表面电子气的动力学相互作用,后者是表面电子受运动的正离子扰动所产生,用线性介电响应理论来确定．在高速和低速情况下,分别采用仅与频率有关的局域介电函数和局域场修正介电函数来确定表面电子气产生的动力学相互作用力．计算结果与实验结果作了比较．发现入射速度很低时能量损失随入射角度变化不太明显,而当速度很高时能量损失随入射角度的变大而有所增加. 关键词：     

未被俘获电子对多光子非线性Compton散射能量转换效率的影响

 应用单粒子理论和电子与光子非弹性碰撞模型，研究了未被俘获电子对多光子非线性Compton散射能量转换效率的影响。结果表明，未被俘获电子使该散射的频谱展宽随入射电子速度和与电子同时作用的光子数的增大而增大，随电子与光子非弹性碰撞成分的增大而减小，从而使能量转换效率近乎与电子入射速度正比降低。用低能电子入射，能有效地减小这种损失。     

电子被HF和HCl分子散射总截面的计算

利用光学势方法计算了能量在１０ｅＶ—１０００ｅＶ范围内电子被Ｈ、Ｆ和Ｃｌ原子散射的总截面，并与已有的实验结果和理论计算进行了比较；又利用可加性规则（ａｄｄｉｔｉｖｉｔｙｒｕｌｅ）计算得到了电子被ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ分子散射的总截面，计算结果也与已有的实验结果和理论计算进行了比较     

氙原子散射截面反常现象的观测分析

加速电子与充氙闸流管中的氙原子碰撞,电子被散射.实验测量了77 K及室温状况下管中的栅极及板极电流.通过计算,得出了散射概率、散射截面与电子能量的关系.结果表明,当电子能量约为1 eV时出现较弱散射概率,散射截面出现极小值,得出了与冉绍尔-汤森效应一致的结论.介绍了实验过程中的补偿和修正方法,并对影响实验结果的因素进行了分析.     

典型甚低频电磁波对辐射带高能电子的散射损失效应

辐射带中高能电子与空间甚低频电磁波由于波粒共振相互作用发生投掷角散射, 进而沉降入稠密大气而损失. 为研究甚低频电磁波对辐射带中高能电子的散射作用机制, 本文基于准线性扩散理论, 利用库仑作用和波粒共振相互作用扩散系数的物理模型, 得到了两组典型甚低频电磁波与高能电子波粒共振相互作用的赤道投掷角弹跳周期平均扩散系数, 并分析了甚低频电磁波共振散射作用与大气库仑散射作用对不同磁壳及不同能量的辐射带电子扩散损失的影响规律. 以磁壳参数L=2.2, 能量E=0.5 MeV的辐射带电子作为算例, 采用有限差分方法数值求解扩散方程, 计算分析了电子单向通量和全向通量随时间的沉降损失演化规律. 研究结果表明: 当电子能量大于0.5 MeV, 磁壳参数大于1.6时, 甚低频电磁波的共振散射作用显著; 随着磁壳参数或电子能量的增大, 斜传播甚低频电磁波引起的高阶共振相互作用越来越大; 电子全向通量近似随时间呈指数函数形式衰减.     

Mutual attraction of laser beams in plasmas: braided light

The energy loss of slow ions during grazing scattering from a LiF(100) surface as a function of the projectile atomic number Z1 is observed to show oscillations similar to those occurring in metals. A model of stopping of ions in an electron gas where screening is calculated from density functional theory reproduces well the experimental data. The same model gives good agreement with the energy loss obtained in transmission experiments performed with H and He projectiles. Analysis of these results allows us to gain new insights in the stopping of slow ions in ionic crystals.     

Inelastic effects in low energy He+ ion scattering from solid and atomic Pb targets

Inelastic energy losses of low energy He ⁺ ions scattered from a solid Pb surface and gas phase Pb are investigated for forward scattering of less than 12°. The gas phase results give rise to loss peaks characteristic of atom-atom collisions, ionization, and/or excitation of the target Pb atom. In comparison, the surface is found to result in a loss peak at an energy which agrees well with the atomic character of the Pb target, although the loss peak is broad. This feature of the surface is explained to be due to excitation of electrons in the 6s or 6p band. Molecular orbital crossing (MO model) is considered to be a reasonable interpretation of the continuous character of the inelastic energy loss.     

Classical theory of atom–surface scattering: The rainbow effect

The scattering of heavy atoms and molecules from surfaces is oftentimes dominated by classical mechanics. A large body of experiments have gathered data on the angular distributions of the scattered species, their energy loss distribution, sticking probability, dependence on surface temperature and more. For many years these phenomena have been considered theoretically in the framework of the “washboard model” in which the interaction of the incident particle with the surface is described in terms of hard wall potentials. Although this class of models has helped in elucidating some of the features it left open many questions such as: true potentials are clearly not hard wall potentials, it does not provide a realistic framework for phonon scattering, and it cannot explain the incident angle and incident energy dependence of rainbow scattering, nor can it provide a consistent theory for sticking. In recent years we have been developing a classical perturbation theory approach which has provided new insight into the dynamics of atom–surface scattering. The theory includes both surface corrugation as well as interaction with surface phonons in terms of harmonic baths which are linearly coupled to the system coordinates. This model has been successful in elucidating many new features of rainbow scattering in terms of frictions and bath fluctuations or noise. It has also given new insight into the origins of asymmetry in atomic scattering from surfaces. New phenomena deduced from the theory include friction induced rainbows, energy loss rainbows, a theory of super-rainbows, and more. In this review we present the classical theory of atom–surface scattering as well as extensions and implications for semiclassical scattering and the further development of a quantum theory of surface scattering. Special emphasis is given to the inversion of scattering data into information on the particle–surface interactions.     

Total backscattering of keV light ions from solid targets in single-collision approximation

The reflection of light ions from heavy random targets has been calculated within the single-collision approximation on the basis of essentially the same physical model as Schiøtt's adaptation of the LSS range theory to light ions. An accurate effectivepower approximation has been utilized to evaluate a number of physical quantities relating to reflected ions under the assumption of Thomas-Fermi scattering. Analytical results as well as universal curves are presented for reflected-energy spectra integrated over ejection angle, particle and energy reflection coefficients, and quantities derived from these. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained for ε?, where ε is Lindhard's energy parameter. The results are compared with those from previous calculations on the basis of transport theory and computer simulation. An estimate is given of the single-collision tail of the light-ion range profile. Qualitative corrections for beam attenuation and recoil energy loss are presented in appendices.     

Density functional calculation of stopping power of an electron gas for slow ions

We describe the first calculation of the stopping power of an electron gas for slow ions using the density-functional formalism. We evaluate the nonlinear self-consistent potential around the ion and from scattering theory determine the energy loss directly. Comparison with the results of linear theory is made.     

Rainbows with a Si thin crystal

This study is devoted to the transmission of Ne¹⁰⁺ ions through a Si thin crystal. The ion energy is 60 MeV and the crystal thickness is varied from 159 to 478 atomic layers, i.e. within the first rainbow cycle. The analysis is performed by the theory of crystal rainbows. The angular distribution of the transmitted ions is generated by the computer simulation method. Then, the rainbow lines in the scattering angle plane are determined. These lines ensure the full explanation of the angular distribution. Received 11 May 2000     

Simple method for obtaining electron scattering phase shifts from energies of an atom in a cavity

We present a simple method for obtaining elastic scattering phase shifts and cross sections from precise ab initio many-body perturbation theory energies of atoms in variable cavities. This method does not require calculations of wave functions of continuum states, can be generalized to many atoms and ions, and is extremely convenient because existing codes developed for energy calculations can be used without modification. The high precision of the method and close agreement with experiment are illustrated on examples of e-Ar and e-Kr scattering. Correlations as well as relativistic corrections are systematically considered.     

Ion scattering (Me+ → Me) by monatomic films

Discusses the results of computer simulation of the scattering of metal ions low energy (E ₀ = 2–530 eV) films those metals (Me⁺ → Me) with thickness of few atomic layers on a crystalline substrate, conducted in the framework of the model of multi-particle interactions. The effect of conservation for scattered ions with large values of energy, depending from the film crystal structure, has been realized as in the case of scattering on monocrystalls [1]. It has been determined, that the 3–5 atomic layers coating can save the substrate surface from its interaction with bombarding ions in the energy region E ₀ up to 500 eV.     

Multiple scattering and neutralization aspects of low energy noble gas ions incident on a Cu (110) crystal

Experiments have been done with 1 keV Ne⁺ ions bombarding a Cu (110) single crystal in a (111) plane. From the measured energy spectra of the scattered ions the minimum and maximum scattering angles for multiple scattering on the surface are determined. These minimum and maximum scattering angles were also calculated using a computer model. The parameters for an interatomic potential function between ion and metal atom are determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated scattering angles. A neutralization model for an energetic ion at an atomic surface is given. The reliability of this model is tested by comparison of the results of computer calculations and the measured peak intensity distributions as a function of the scattering angle.