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1.
本文设计、模拟并搭建了一套由22片圆形金属极板组成的离子透镜系统. 离子透镜的引出极板的开孔处贴有金属栅网,用于屏蔽除推斥极和引出极外的所有其他极板的直流高压对离子-分子交叉区域的影响. Simion模拟表明,在合适的电压配置下,离子透镜可以同时实现速度聚焦和时间聚焦. 这使离子透镜系统能够在三个维度上实现较大的离子体积的速度聚焦,这也是用交叉分子束方法研究离子-分子散射动力学的基本要求. 本文建立了具有单帧多粒子测量和多质量测量能力的三维离子速度测量系统,该系统由微通道板(MCP),P47荧光屏,CMOS相机、光电倍增管(PMT)、高速数字化仪组成. 通过CMOS相机测量离子在荧光屏上的位置,得出垂直于飞行轴的两个速度分量;通过PMT测量离子的飞行时间,得出沿着飞行轴的速度分量. 自主编写了Labview程序,可以实时采集和分析CMOS相机与PMT得到的数据,构建离子的三维速度分布. 单帧多粒子测量是根据同一帧中来自CMOS相机和PMT的多个离子的强度不同,分别对其进行排序,并一一对应起来实现的. 本文用304 nm波长处碘甲烷的光解信号对该三维离子速度成像系统进行了测试和速度校订.  相似文献   

2.
本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术对AlO分子在193 nm下的光解反应动力学进行了研究. 实验通过产物Al+的离子速度和角度分布分析,发现了两个光解离反应通道,分别为中性AlO分子的单光子解离生成产物Al(2Pu)+O(3Pg)的通道,和AlO分子吸收两个光子电离产生AlO+进而解离生成产物为Al+(1Sg)+O(3Pg)的反应通道. 每一个解离通道包括了AlO(v=0∽2)振动态的贡献,其中中性解离反应通道与离子解离反应通道相比,产物的各向异性参数对AlO的振动态依赖更大.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术对MgO分子在193 nm下的光解反应动力学进行了研究. 实验通过产物Mg的速度和角度分布分析,发现了三个光解反应路径. 路径一为MgO(X1Σ+)态分子吸收一个光子到MgO(G1π) 态,由于G1π, 33π和15π态之间的自旋轨道耦合作用,反应沿着15π的势能面解离生成产物Mg(3Pu)+O(3Pg). 路径二、三分别为MgO(A1π)态分子吸收一个光子到MgO(G1π)态和MgO(41π) 态,进而解离生成产物Mg(3Pu)+O(3Pg)和Mg(1Sg)+O(1Sg). 光解离路径的各向异性参数与振动能级的寿命以及转动和振动自旋轨道态的耦合有关. 从总动能分析得到D0(Mg-O)=21645±50 cm-1.  相似文献   

4.
用三维离子速度成像方法研究了HNCO分子在210 nm光解下的光解动力学.得到了光解产物CO在不同转动态的角分布和平动能分布.结果表明,HNCO分子在210 nm光解的主要通道是产生NH(a1¢)+CO(X1§+)的通道;碎片CO具有很高的转动激发,而NH的转动激发很小,约50%可资用能转化为平动能,该通道解离能确定为42738 cm?1;解离各向异性参数ˉ 最小为?0.75,且随着NH转动激发增大.该研究首次实验上证实了HNCO分子的快速、直接解离过程.ˉ值随NH的转动变化可以用经典碰撞模型予以解释.  相似文献   

5.
茆锐  肖虹  胡瑜  张群  陈旸 《化学物理学报》2019,32(4):406-410
本文使用时间切片离子速度成像技术结合共振增强多光子电离技术研究了CF2Cl2分子在235 nm附近的光解动力学. 通过测量CF2Cl2分子在235 nm附近单光子解离产生的氯原子影像,直接得到了解离产物的速度分布和角分布. 激发态氯原子的速度分布包含高动能组分和低动能组分,分别对应3Q0电子态的直接解离和由于内转换引起的基态预解离. 基态氯原子的速度分布也包含高动能组分和低动能组分,分别对应3Q01Q1电子态的预解离和由于内转换引起的基态预解离. 自由基解离通道被确认,二次解离通道和三体解离通道被排除.  相似文献   

6.
离子速度成像方法研究CF3I分子光解反应动力学   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立一套离子速度成像系统,这套系统通过采用最新的“速度映像”技术克服了离子源空间分布对速度分辨率造成的模糊。利用这套系统得到了CF3I在277nm附近光解反应产物I^*(^2P1/2)和I(^2P3/2)的速度和角度的高分辨率分布,首次利用重构的I(^2P3/2)碎片三维空间速率分布揭示了其两个不同的解离通道。  相似文献   

7.
用离子速度成像方法研究了乙烯酮分子在218 nm光解下的光解动力学,得到了光解产物CO的共振多光子电离谱,以及在不同振转态的角分布和平动能分布。得出如下结论:(1)CO(X~1∑~ )在v=0和v=1两个振动态都具有较热的转动激发,而且在v=0振动态的转动激发要比在v=1振动态的转动激发高;(2)乙烯酮分子在218nm光解的主要通道是产生CH_2((?)~1A_1) CO(X~1∑~ )产物通道,同时产生CH_2((?)~1B_1) CO(X~1∑~ )和CH_2((?)~3B_1) CO(X~1∑~ )产物通道也可能存在。(3)光解产物CO在不同振转态的各向异性参数β都大于零,对于不同的振动态观察到的现象没有明显地不同。  相似文献   

8.
运用离子速度成像技术研究了2-溴戊烷分子在~234 nm处的光解离动力学. 通过分析光解产物Br(2P3/2)(简称Br)和Br(2P1/2) (简称Br*)的速度影像,分别得到其速度分布和角度分布. Br和Br*的速度分布可以用两个高斯分布拟合,分别对应于2-溴戊烷在~234 nm处两个独立的光解离反应通道. 高能的高斯分量对应于C-Br伸缩振动模式的直接解离,低能的高斯分量对应于弯曲振动和C-Br伸缩振动耦合所导致的解离. 确定出光解离产物Br的相对量子产率为0.892,结合Br和Br*碎片的各项异性参数和溴原子的相对量子产率,讨论了3Q03Q11Q1激发态分别对产物Br和Br*的贡献. 通过对比溴代戊烷4种同分异构体光解离过程的差异,讨论了分子烷基分支化对光解机理的影响.  相似文献   

9.
原子团簇的激发温度可由反应产物(出射电子或碎片)的初始平动能这一可观测量间接获得,为了提高原子团簇激发温度的测量精度,设计并搭建了一套具有高动能分辨的离子速度成像谱仪。本谱仪的高动能分辨性能首先借助Simion8.0软件优化静电透镜和分子束限束装置的几何结构来实现,然后通过理论模拟证明本套谱仪具有预期好的动能分辨能力。设备搭建完成后,研究了C60分子束在纳秒激光场中发生的延迟电离过程,获得了C60+离子随延迟时间增加而逐渐变窄的二维时间切片图像。分析表明,激光脉冲产生的多个C60+离子间的库仑耦合作用将会扩展二维切片图像的横向分布,提取库仑耦合作用对C60+离子初始平动能的影响,并通过分析C60+离子间的库仑耦合随延迟时间增加而逐渐变弱的定量依赖关系,证实了本套谱仪具有了设计预期的高动能分辨能力。这一工作为下一步基于离子速度成像技术细致研究分子热力学的相关课题提供技术参考。Excitation temperature of fragmenting atomic clusters can been extracted from the initial kinetic energies of ionic products. To improve the accuracy of the temperature measurements, we have designed an ionic velocity map imaging spectrometer with high kinetic energy resolution. Firstly, based on the simulations using Simion8.0 software, the high resolution is obtained by adjusting the structure of the electrostatic lenses and collimation of molecular beam. According to theoretical analysis, it is proved that the spectrometer has a well defined kinetic energy resolution. Then, we have studied the delay ionization processes of C60 induced by nanosecond laser. A series of narrowed two-dimensional time-sliced velocity images of the C60+ with increasing the delayed time were recorded. Analysis revealed that Coulomb force between C60+ clusters in same laser shots will broadening the transverse distribution of 2D image. Considering the influence of Coulomb force on initial kinetic energy of C60+ clusters, the high resolution has been proved by analysing the negative relationship between Coulomb force and delayed time. It indicates that the establishment of the spectrometer builds up a good basis for next experiments on the studies for molecular thermodynamics in atomic clusters.  相似文献   

10.
利用新建激光溅射交叉分子束装置,结合时间切片速度成像技术开展了金属原子态-态反应动力学的相关研究. 超声金属原子束是由激光溅射金属棒产生,结合无气体溢流通道的自由扩散设计,得到了质量很好的金属原子超声束. 本文选择Al+O2反应体系来测试新建金属交叉分子束实验装置的性能. 通过(1+1) 共振多光子电离技术,以AlO(D2+)为中间态来探测特定转动态的产物AlO自由基. 相同波长下可以同时得到反应产物AlO(X2+,v=0,NN+14)两个转动态的速度成像,分别对应着Δv=1的P(N)和R(N+14)跃迁. 在244.145 nm同时探测到P(15)和R(29)的跃迁,形成的两个环在切片成像图中可以完全区分开,这两个跃迁分别对应着反应产物AlO(v=0,N=15)和AlO(v=0,N=29)两个转动态. 对应此两个转动态的能级差为403 cm-1. 这两个反应产物转动态的区分表明了该实验装置与最近的一篇研究报道[J. Chem. Phys. 140, 214304 (2014)]相比较,具有较好的碰撞能量分辨率.  相似文献   

11.
最近随着精细实验技术和先进理论计算方法的发展,化学反应动力学领域己达到可以在理论-实验上对A+BC经典体系进行定量比较的程度.而随着反应体系变得越来越大,自由度的增加导致实验计算复杂程度呈几何性增长.不过,多原子反应体系的多面性也为观察许多新的化学机理和新现象提供了可能性,这是一片充满机遇之地,在过去的15年里,本人在原子与分子科学研究所的实验室深入研究了甲烷+X(X:F,Cl,O(~3P)和OH)等的反应动力学.这些努力使甲烷+X所示复杂反应体系成为反应动力学领域的新参照体系.本文将揭示之前介绍的一些关键概念和方法背后的研究思路,以及如何从某些意外发现引到了其他未知领域的研究过程.这些发现不仅丰富了在最基础的水平上对特定反应的理解,启迪了理论发展,也塑造了思考方式,为未来探索多原子反应性多方面性质的不同方面奠定了基础.  相似文献   

12.
The photodissociation of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane was studied at 234 and 265 nm using ion velocity imaging technique. Bromine fragments in this study were produced via direct dissociation of C-Br bond. The speed and angular distributions of Br and Br were measured. The appearance of chlorine fragments at 234 nm was assigned to a secondary dissociation process. The contributions of three excited states: 1Q1, 3Q0 and 3Q1 were estimated at each wavelength. Comparing with previous results, the study reveals more details about the dynamics of molecules with multichromophores.  相似文献   

13.
本文通过时间切片离子速度成像技术在201 nm附近研究了HNCO分子在S1电子激发态的光解动力学. CO产物通过共振增强多光子电离的方法进行了选态探测,获得了CO产物的振动基态和激发态切片影像. 从CO的影像得到了解离产物的能量分布和空间角分布,确定了NH(a1Δ)产物的振转态分布信息. 研究发现1NH的振动分支比(v=1/v=0)随CO(v=0)转动能的增大先增大后下降,展现了1NH与CO之间特殊的态态相关性. 大约一半的可资用能分配给解离产物的平动自由度. 负的各向异性参数表明HNCO的光解是个快速的直接解离过程.  相似文献   

14.
高汉宾 《波谱学杂志》1988,5(4):357-366
本文提出了强偶合系统的弱偶合方法处理。利用么正变换,把强偶合系统的哈密顿变成弱偶合系统哈密顿的形式,射频脉冲也作相同的变换,这样强偶合系统的多脉冲实验就能在弱偶合空间{φ}中计算。以AB体系的COSY和2D-J谱为例作了计算和讨论。  相似文献   

15.
    
The sum of the rate constants for solvolysis and scrambling of carbon bridging and nonbridging oxygen-18 at 4-MeC(6)H(4)CH(CF(3))OS((18)O(2))Tos in 50/50 (v/v) trifluoroethanol/water, (k(solv) + k(iso)) = 5.4 × 10(-6) s(-1), is 50% larger than k(solv) = 3.6 × 10(-6) for the simple solvolysis reaction of the sulfonate ester. This shows that the ion pair intermediate of solvolysis undergoes significant internal return to form reactant. These data give a value of k(-1) = 1.7 × 10(10) s(-1) for internal return of the carbocation-anion pair to the substrate. This rate constant is larger than the value of k(-1) = 7 × 10(9) s(-1) reported for internal return of an ion pair between the 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl carbocation and pentafluorobenzoate anion to the neutral ester (4-MeC(6)H(4)CH(CH(3))O(2)CC(6)F(5)) in the same solvent. The partitioning of ion pairs to the 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl carbocation and to the highly destabilized 1-(4-methylphenyl)2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbocation is compared and contrasted.  相似文献   

16.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides information about the spatial metabolic heterogeneity of an organ in the human body. In this way, MRSI can be used to detect tissue regions with abnormal metabolism, e.g. tumor tissue. The main drawback of MRSI in clinical practice is that the analysis of the data requires a lot of expertise from the radiologists. In this article, we present an automatic method that assigns each voxel of a spectroscopic image of the brain to a histopathological class. The method is based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), which has recently been shown to be a robust technique for tissue typing. In CCA, the spectral as well as the spatial information about the voxel is used to assign it to a class. This has advantages over other methods that only use spectral information since histopathological classes are normally covering neighbouring voxels. In this paper, a new CCA-based method is introduced in which MRSI and MR imaging information is integrated. The performance of tissue typing is compared for CCA applied to the whole MR spectra and to sets of features obtained from the spectra. Tests on simulated and in vivo MRSI data show that the new method is very accurate in terms of classification and segmentation. The results also show the advantage of combining spectroscopic and imaging data.  相似文献   

17.
The computer code developed in recent years at Argonne National Laboratory for the investigation of the energy and structure of interfaces in ionic crystals has been extended to permit the consideration of neutral intrinsic and extrinsic point defects in such interfaces. As examples, bound Schottky pairs as well as substitutional Fe2+ and Ca2+ impurities are considered in the (100) surface and surface region. The role of isovalent impurities in the free (110) surface region and in a coincident-site twist grain boundary are also investigated. Wherever possible our results are compared and found in agreement with results obtained by means of the HADES program.  相似文献   

18.
    
The collisional history of ionized molecules in a molecular beam mass spectrometric flame experiment is target of our present investigation. Measurements in a double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (i2PEPICO) were performed at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) of the Paul Scherrer Institute to use the ion imaging device for separating the molecular beam ions from rethermalized ions. This enables the precise composition study of the individual types of ions. Results show clearly for the OH radical that the complete signal is obtained from the molecular beam, while the signal from other combustion compounds features additional rethermalized molecules. As for OH radicals, the mole fraction is reduced by sampling effects and contact with the ionization vessel walls significantly. Consequently, this leads to signal loss and lower mole fractions, when using ionization cross sections for the quantification. To improve on this, a beam fraction (BF) factor is presented. The factor describes the ratio of the separated beam signal without rethermalized ions with the total ion signal, consisting of the mass to charge ratio from the molecular beam and additional rethermalized ions. Since the detected OH radicals are solely from the molecular beam, a new method of comparing two molecular beam alignments using the OH to H2O signal ratio is presented. This method has a decent potential for the optimization of the quality of molecular beams. Finally, the separated beam signal (without the rethermalized ions) was used to determine mole fraction profiles for the OH radical using ionization cross sections. These profiles are in good agreement with model predictions of the USC-II and the Aramco Mech 2.0 mechanisms, while the total signal leads to factor of 12 smaller OH mole fractions.  相似文献   

19.
用交叉分子束试验探讨氯原子与C?H 键激发的CHD3化学反应,并用(2+1)共振多光子电离及离子影像法来侦测CD3基态生成物.发现所得的影像对电离光子的波长极为敏感.这表明,与基态反应比较,C?H激发反应较易产生转动激发的CD3.实验结果也证明CD3D的转动与HCl的振动激发有相反的关联性.  相似文献   

20.
    
《Physics letters. A》2020,384(3):126083
Optical time stretch imaging (OTSI), providing the capability of capturing the dynamics of fast single-shot or random events, overcomes the fundamental trade-off between imaging speed and sensitivity in ultrafast imaging regions. Lying at the heart of the OTSI is dispersive Fourier transformation, being capable of using large chromatic dispersion to map the spectrum of a broadband ultrashort optical pulse into a stretched time-domain waveform. Dispersive grating pair (DGP) is a unique solution to generate large chromatic dispersion for dispersive Fourier transformation at the wavebands, in which dispersion compensation fibers commonly suffer from high dispersion-to-loss ratio. Here we characterize the performances of DGP-based OTSI modality and analyze the crucial parameters that strongly impact on the temporal as well as spatial resolutions, and further discuss its merits and challenges. Our results demonstrate DGP-based OTSI, allowing creation of high resolution images, is an effective modality compared to fiber-based OTSI.  相似文献   

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