聚焦光束大气传输光束扩展定标规律的数值分析

选取多种典型激光传输条件下的计算参量，对平台光束聚焦大气传输湍流热晕相互作用引起的光束扩展进行了数值分析.热畸变的产生是在快速变化的湍流扩束作用之后，在此假定的基础上，建立了描述聚焦光束大气传输光束扩展与大气传输特征物理参量的定标关系.在了解激光发射系统的特征参量和大气传输效应的特征参量之后，即可由定标关系迅速判断激光大气传输的效果，从而为激光工程系统的参量优化设计及其应用效能评估提供依据. 关键词： 湍流效应 热晕效应 光束扩展 定标规律     

不同遮拦比的零级衍射光斑的能量测定

本文从夫琅和费衍射积分公式出发，论述了不同遮拦比的双反射光学系统Ｉ。（环）／Ｉ．（孔）的测量原理和出试方法，通过计算和测量获得了有实用价值的数据．     

湍流大气中反射光束的扩展

本文基于推广的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,利用“平方近似”假设,导得湍流大气中被反射激光束扩展的表达式,并对反射光束的扩展特性作了讨论。证实了平面镜反射光束的扩展存在放大效应,角反射器反射光束的扩展存在自补偿效应。理论公式还表明,利用长波长激光及使用较大的发射、反射孔径,可以减小反射光束的扩展。     

被湍流大气退化的激光光斑：尺度测量与形变特征描述

根据数值方法获得的在湍流大气中传播的激光束的长曝光光斑空间分布特征，确定了ＣＣＤ成像技术中的背景信号的大小，进而解决了光斑尺度的测量问题。从数值分析和实验测量了两方面分析了被湍流大气退化的光斑的形变特征的描述方法，引入了对应于工程应用的高于一定阈值的最大光斑半径和占空比。     

海面大气边界层中聚焦光束漂移各向异性的实验研究

利用位置敏感型光电倍增管（PSPMT）,设计了测量聚焦光束漂移的实验装置。该装置在80 mm的有效探测面内实现了2维位置信号的直接探测,空间分辨率可达1 mm,明显优于四象限探测器和阵列探测器,最高采样频率可达80 kHz,且动态范围很大,优于一般的成像器件。在近海岸海面上5 m处的大气边界层中进行了距离为1 000 m的聚焦激光传输实验。测量结果表明：聚焦光斑的质心漂移具有各向异性,水平方向光斑漂移幅度一般介于5.61 mm和14.83 mm之间,垂直方向光斑漂移幅度介于3.54 mm和7.3 mm之间,两者之比的平均值为1.69;水平方向和垂直方向的光斑漂移功率谱密度（PSD）在低频段也存在差异,垂直方向光斑漂移的PSD比水平方向光斑漂移的PSD下降速率更快。     

海面大气边界层中聚焦光束漂移各向异性的实验研究

 利用位置敏感型光电倍增管（PSPMT）,设计了测量聚焦光束漂移的实验装置。该装置在80 mm的有效探测面内实现了2维位置信号的直接探测,空间分辨率可达1 mm,明显优于四象限探测器和阵列探测器,最高采样频率可达80 kHz,且动态范围很大,优于一般的成像器件。在近海岸海面上5 m处的大气边界层中进行了距离为1 000 m的聚焦激光传输实验。测量结果表明：聚焦光斑的质心漂移具有各向异性,水平方向光斑漂移幅度一般介于5.61 mm和14.83 mm之间,垂直方向光斑漂移幅度介于3.54 mm和7.3 mm之间,两者之比的平均值为1.69;水平方向和垂直方向的光斑漂移功率谱密度（PSD）在低频段也存在差异,垂直方向光斑漂移的PSD比水平方向光斑漂移的PSD下降速率更快。     

湍流大气中聚焦平台光束焦移及光斑尺度

通过理论分析和数值模拟,对聚焦平台光束大气传输的焦移问题进行了研究。聚焦平台光束在湍流大气中传输时,湍流将导致光束的束腰向发射点移动,且湍流越强移动的幅度越大;大气湍流强度相同时,聚焦平台光束发射口径越小,其束腰移动的幅度越大。另外,通过调节发射系统的焦距,使聚焦平台光束的束腰正好位于接收探测器处时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度并非最大,只有当发射系统的焦距等于激光的传输距离时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度才会最大。     

湍流大气中聚焦平台光束焦移及光斑尺度

 通过理论分析和数值模拟,对聚焦平台光束大气传输的焦移问题进行了研究。聚焦平台光束在湍流大气中传输时,湍流将导致光束的束腰向发射点移动,且湍流越强移动的幅度越大;大气湍流强度相同时,聚焦平台光束发射口径越小,其束腰移动的幅度越大。另外,通过调节发射系统的焦距,使聚焦平台光束的束腰正好位于接收探测器处时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度并非最大,只有当发射系统的焦距等于激光的传输距离时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度才会最大。     

强湍流效应下激光大气传输短曝光光斑统计分析

利用数值模拟的方法,对强湍流效应下激光大气传输焦平面短曝光光斑的统计特性进行了初步分析,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：在强湍流效应下,焦平面短曝光光斑破碎成一系列的小光斑,这些破碎光斑的等效半径与爱里斑半径近似相等;接收器中心置于光轴轴心处,当接收孔径等于爱里斑直径时,接收的均值光强最大。     

Numerical approach to laser beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere and evaluation of beam quality factor

In this paper, propagation of a Gaussian laser beam through turbulent atmosphere is evaluated numerically. The beam quality factor for the propagated beam has been estimated for different turbulent conditions that are characterized by parameter C_n. The calculations show that the beam quality can be affected dramatically by atmospheric turbulence and the laser beam size and wavelength have major role in the results. Furthermore, the propagation of laser beam in longer distance results in more spatial perturbation of the beam. The results of these calculations and evaluation of beam quality factor M² can be used for estimating the refractive index structure parameter (or atmosphere turbulent parameter) C_n.     

漂移对聚焦高斯光束闪烁影响的数值模拟

 采用非自适应坐标变换对聚焦高斯光束在湍流大气中的传输进行了数值模拟,结果显示轴闪烁指数并没有出现如Rytov理论所预言的随初始光束半径的增大而明显减小的现象,其原因在于Rytov近似理论未考虑大尺度湍涡产生的漂移效应对闪烁的贡献。对比数值模拟结果与漂移理论结果以及相关实验结果,三者相吻合,表明未考虑漂移效应的Rytov近似理论不能完全准确地描述聚焦光束的闪烁特征,在研究聚焦光束的闪烁时,应当考虑漂移的影响。     

Self-assembly of well-ordered and highly uniform nanoripples induced by focused ion beam

Well-ordered and highly uniform nanoripple structures on the surface of single crystal LaAlO₃ (1 0 0), SrTiO₃ (1 0 0) and Al₂O₃ (0 0 0 1) were formed via self-assembly (not by beam writing) by focused ion-beam bombardment. The morphology and topography of nanoripple structures were characterized using in-situ focused ion-beam/scanning electron microscope, as well as ex-situ atomic force microscopy. Under off-normal bombardment without sample rotation, the characteristic wavelength of nanoripples varying from 248 to 395 nm on the LaAlO₃ (1 0 0) surface can be obtained by changing ion fluence and incident angle. When all sputtering parameters except the ion fluence are constant, the wavelength of nanoripples is increased with the enhanced ion fluence. These results demonstrate the potential application of using ion sputtering method for fabricating the well-ordered and highly uniform nanoripples which can be used in nanodevices.     

Influences on the beam propagation ratio M

A beam is described by its transverse power density distribution, its wavefront, and its transverse distribution of coherence. The beam propagation ratio, M², is expressed as the square root of the sum of each of the three beam attributes. The shape of the power density distribution governs the diffraction of the beam. The stronger it is modulated, the higher the M². In comparison to an non-aberrated beam, the M² of a beam with an aberrated wavefront is increased. Similarly, the M² of a partially coherent beam is higher than the one of a fully coherent one. A concise formula is derived. The components of M² of a mixture of Hermite–Gaussian beams and of a spherically aberrated Gaussian beam are given as examples.     

100MeV质子双环双散射体扩束方案设计

为满足质子单粒子效应实验对大面积、均匀化质子束流的需求,针对中国原子能科学研究院100 MeV质子回旋加速器提供的100 MeV质子进行了双环双散射体扩束方案设计.Geant4模拟表明该方案可在2.4 m位置产生一个均匀性为±1.89%、半径为8 cm的照射野,在5 m位置产生一个均匀性为±5.32%、半径为20 cm的照射野.此外,利用Geant4对双环双散射体扩束方法的基本原理进行了进一步探索,并对第二散射体后加速器管道、初始束斑尺寸、照射野形成距离、改变入射质子能量等实际中各种可能因素对该方案扩束效果的影响进行了讨论.     

Comparative study on the propagation performance of coherently combined and incoherently combined beams

Taking phase error, turbulent atmosphere, jitter, vacancy factor and tilt error into consideration, we propose a general propagation formula for both coherent and incoherent combined beams with different kinds of aberrations. Comparative study on the propagation performance of coherent and incoherent combined beams is presented. Beam propagation factor (BPF) defined as laser output power in a specified far-field bucket divided by the total output power radiating from the effective near-field exit aperture of the laser beam is introduced as the beam quality factor to give a quantitative study. It is revealed that the coherent combined beam has great advantage when propagating in free-space compared with the incoherent combined beams. However, the coherent combined beam is more sensitive to the environmental aberrations, and the beam quality degrades faster with an increase in the aberrations’ intensity. Scintillation index as the high moments of the combined intensity field is also studied. It is revealed that both coherent and incoherent combined beams exhibit less scintillations compared with a single-aperture beam, and the incoherent combined beam demonstrates better scintillations reducing the performance. Our methodology offers an all-round performance evaluation on the two kinds of laser systems.     

大气湍流对多抖动法相干合成技术中相位调制信号的影响

分析了大气湍流对采用多抖动法实现的相干合成阵列光束中相位调制信号的影响. 文章首先根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用折射率结构函数对大气湍流进行描述,推导了多抖动法相干合成中阵列光束通过大气湍流后相位调制信号的一般表达式. 在此基础上进行数值模拟,分析了传输距离、湍流强度、光束阵列占空比和光斑尺寸等因素对相位调制信号的影响. 研究发现随着传输距离的增大,相位调制信号强度会先增大后减小,存在一个极大值点;随着湍流强度的增强,相位调制信号强度极大值点的出现距离不断缩短;当光束阵列占空比一定时,随着光斑尺寸的增大 关键词： 大气湍流 相干合成 多抖动法 相位调制     

Numerical analysis for smoothing of CW multimode beam transformed by time-varying random phase plate

The numerical analysis of CW multimode laser beam transformed by time-varying random phase plate is presented in this paper. The method is based on diffraction integral formula. The dependence of the intensity distribution on the element size, changing frequency and duty ratio is discussed in detail. The numerical results account for the experimental results satisfactorily.     

聚焦高阶Bessel-Gauss光束重建的理论和实验研究

提出利用薄透镜元件对聚焦后的高阶Bessel-Gauss光束进行重建. 基于衍射理论, 分析了高阶Bessel-Gauss光束聚焦后的重建行为, 数值模拟高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经薄透镜聚焦再通过另一薄透镜重建的三维光场分布和截面光强分布图. 结果表明, 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经单个薄透镜后产生中空的局域空心光束, 在焦点位置处为圆环, 尔后迅速发散; 在焦点后合适位置处放入另一薄透镜可矫正焦点后发散的光束, 使得其后光场不变, 仍满足Bessel分布; 实验结果与理论分析相符合. 研究结果对光镊、粒子捕获与操控具有一定的指导意义. 关键词： 衍射理论 传输矩阵 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束 重建