共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
《力学学报》2012,44(1)
为了深入理解多因素驱动下风沙颗粒起动的动态演化规律,需要准确地获得沙质床面附近沙粒群起跳的方式、速度和运动轨迹.以连续强激光源为照明的数字高速摄影技术是研究这类问题的有效手段,但由于风沙运动的高速摄影图像具有运动沙粒和静止床面的对比度小、相邻两帧图像相似性小等特点,原始图像叠加算法难以有效实现目标与背景的分割.该文提出了基于相邻的风沙运动图像灰度差值变化原理的图像分割算法.实例显示,只要选择合适的相邻图像灰度差值阈值和自适应二值化处理方法就能实现图像中运动沙粒与床面分割.当起跳沙粒浓度较低情况下,基于MATLAB平台的最小距离匹配的粒子追踪算法(PTV算法)能较为准确地恢复床面附近沙粒的运动轨迹. 相似文献
2.
一种改进的高浓度风沙图像的动态灰度阈值分割算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
风沙跃移是塑造干旱区地貌的最主要的动力,其伴生的粉尘的释放、输送和沉降不但严重地影响了大气环境质量,也引起了全球气候 系统和海洋系统的变化. 单个沙粒轨迹形成是理解粒--床碰撞过程和风沙两相流耦合过程的重要纽带. 高浓度风沙图像处理算法是深入理解沙粒轨迹形成机制的关键技术. 为了实现对高浓度风沙图像精细处理, 本文提出了不依赖于经验参数的动态灰度阈值分割算法,它包括背景模板去噪、绿光通道灰度化处理、图像微分、灰度方差阈值目标检测和 最大类间方差灰度阈值分割等,其中背景模板去噪和灰度方差阈值目标检测等是新算法的主要亮点. 高浓度风沙图像分割实验显示, 扣减背景模板去除了条纹状和斑点状的稳定噪声;图像微分和灰度方差阈值目标检测显著地提高了暗沙粒识别的数量并有效地去除了随机噪声; 改进算法的沙粒有效识别个数(人 机判读坐标一致的沙粒数目)、查全率(计算机提取沙粒数目与人工判读的实际沙粒数比值)和查准率(有效沙粒数目与实际沙粒数目的比值) 分别为461, 71%和86%,显著地高于传统算法对应的85, 13%和82%,这表明新算法对高浓度风沙图像的分割效果良好. 避免单粒子分割和表观重叠问题是进一步完善高浓度风沙图像的分割算法的可能途径. 相似文献
3.
风沙跃移是塑造干旱区地貌的最主要的动力,其伴生的粉尘的释放、输送和沉降不但严重地影响了大气环境质量,也引起了全球气候系统和海洋系统的变化.单个沙粒轨迹形成是理解粒-床碰撞过程和风沙两相流耦合过程的重要纽带.高浓度风沙图像处理算法是深入理解沙粒轨迹形成机制的关键技术.为了实现对高浓度风沙图像精细处理,本文提出了不依赖于经验参数的动态灰度阈值分割算法,它包括背景模板去噪、绿光通道灰度化处理、图像微分、灰度方差阈值目标检测和最大类间方差灰度阈值分割等,其中背景模板去噪和灰度方差阈值目标检测等是新算法的主要亮点.高浓度风沙图像分割实验显示,扣减背景模板去除了条纹状和斑点状的稳定噪声;图像微分和灰度方差阈值目标检测显著地提高了暗沙粒识别的数量并有效地去除了随机噪声;改进算法的沙粒有效识别个数(人机判读坐标一致的沙粒数目)、查全率(计算机提取沙粒数目与人工判读的实际沙粒数比值)和查准率(有效沙粒数目与实际沙粒数目的比值)分别为461,71%和86%,显著地高于传统算法对应的85,13%和82%,这表明新算法对高浓度风沙图像的分割效果良好.避免单粒子分割和表观重叠问题是进一步完善高浓度风沙图像的分割算法的可能途径. 相似文献
4.
沙粒跃移运动的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
沙粒在风场作用下形成的风沙运动,直接导致一系列环境问题.现有的数值模拟并没有揭示风沙流的二维性质.本文提出一种合理有效的模拟方法来揭示风沙流时空的变化.气相运动采用大涡模型,而固相(沙粒)处理为高散体系(DEM),并利用已有的沙粒与床面碰撞的激溅函数,以获得整个风沙系统运动特性.结果表明:其发展过程与以往的试验结果相比较符合:风沙流达到稳定后,不同截面输沙率沿高度分布与平均输沙率相比差别很大,并大约在9cm高处,平均输沙率出现极值,单宽输沙率沿风向分布同样具有非均匀性. 相似文献
5.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND-BLOWN SAND MOVEMENT BASED ON SPH 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particles hydrodynamics, SPH)方法对沙粒和气流的相互耦合运动特性进行了分析,研究提出了风沙流的SPH数值方法并进行了数值模拟. 首先提出了风沙流的SPH建模方法和基本理论,建立了风沙流动的SPH数值模拟平台. 其次通过建立风沙流的SPH 模型并施加边界条件,对自然风作用下沙粒的运动情况进行了数值模拟,详细分析了沙粒运动轨迹及特性,最后通过与相关研究成果对比分析,验证了完善后的SPH方法有效性. 通过考虑气流场的可变性,在风沙流SPH计算模型中引入了加载(起风)和卸载(停风)方式,观察并对比分析了沙粒的运动轨迹和特性. 为进一步研究风沙流的实时动态非线性行为提供了SPH理论基础和数值分析方法. 相似文献
6.
风沙运动的沙粒带电机理及其影响的研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
土壤风蚀以及沙尘暴是人类面临的重大自然环境灾害之一,它直接关系着人类的生存环境和生活质量.许多国家和政府以及科学家们对此一直十分关注并开展了大量研究.由于大气和地表条件的多样性以及地表沙粒的运动与风场作用的相互耦合,导致风沙运动问题研究的复杂性.除此之外,伴随着对风沙运动机理的研究和对沙尘暴的观测,人们发现在风沙跃移运动和沙尘暴中的沙粒带有电荷并形成风沙电场.沙粒的运动不仅导致沙粒带电和风沙电场形成,而且也直接受到沙粒带电和风沙电场的影响.为了弄清风沙电的起因以及揭示其影响规律,研究人员对此进行了野外观测、实验室测量和理论推测等.本文将就这一问题重点介绍有关风沙运动中沙粒带电的机理、风沙电场分布规律、沙粒带电对风沙运动的微宏观物理量以及沙尘暴中沙粒带电对电磁波散射的影响等方面的实验和理论研究的基本概况和进展以及作者等人在此方面的研究工作.主要包含内容有:沙粒带电及其电场的基本实验测量,粒带电对风沙运动的影响,沙尘暴对电磁波衰减的影响研究以及有关风沙起电的机理研究等.同时,对这一研究领域中目前关注与存在的主要问题给予评述.图6参81 相似文献
7.
8.
文中将模糊分析的原理应用于分析粒子在一幅PIV图像中的运动情况。聚类由几个相邻的粒子开始,聚类的原则是流体运动的基本规律,随着流体的运动,粒子簇在第二次曝光时改变其形状及位置,通过模糊聚类可获得粒子运动的规律。应用聚类分析方法可改善非标识PIV图像的处理效率,基于这种方法的粒子运动轨迹追踪算法被提出并应用于PIV图像分析。 相似文献
9.
煤体CT图像阈值分割是其三维真实结构重构的前提.基于单轴压缩状态下煤体的CT图像,提出了一种基于图像灰度分布的孔隙度计算方法,结合灰度直方图,利用实测孔隙度反推法对煤体CT图像进行了裂隙-煤基质-煤杂质三值化,同时与最大类间方差法和最大熵法的三值化结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,最大熵法对于煤基质和煤杂质不能较好区分;最大类间方差法对于图像微小区域灰度的突变(裂隙的产生)敏感性低,无法有效区分裂隙与煤基质;本文改进的灰度直方图法避免了最大类间方差法和最大熵法的劣势,具有较好的图像三值化效果,且煤基质与煤杂质间的阈值基于实验结果得到,具有更高的可信度和准确度. 相似文献
10.
两相流显微PIV/PTV系统的开发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
开发了一个能同时测量两相流中两相速度和细颗粒尺寸分布的显微PIV/PTV系统,其硬件系统包括大功率连续激光器、显微镜、高速摄像机;软件系统由改进的球形颗粒图像识别算法、各种图像处理算法和各种先进的PIV/PTV算法组成。其中改进的圆弧识别算法能够进行更准确地进行曲线分割而能对充满噪音并相互重叠的颗粒图像给出较好的识别结果。应用该PIV系统,可以在微秒和微米数量级上捕获细颗粒/气泡图像,并能较准确地同时得到两相速度、颗粒尺寸和浓度分布。对焚香可吸入颗粒物进行了速度和尺寸的同时测量,得到了较满意的结果。 相似文献
11.
Background extraction from double-frame PIV images 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study presents a simple image pre-processing scheme to extract background information from double-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) images. Everything that stays stagnant in the image (e.g., image background and light reflections from stationary objects) is assumed to be a source of disturbance and is removed by subtracting the second frame of the image pair from the first frame. This yields a single frame difference image, which is transferred back to a background extracted double-frame image. After the procedure the background in the image does not correlate with itself anymore and therefore a bias error in PIV analysis towards zero displacement is avoided. The simulations show that the procedure conserves the profile of tracer particle images when a displacement between the frames is larger than a particle image size. The performance of this procedure is emphasized with various examples, and extensions of the procedure are introduced. The extended procedure extracts background objects that move between the image frames, e.g. dispersed phase particles in a two-phase flow or laser light sheet reflections from moving objects. 相似文献
12.
煤体CT图像阈值分割是其三维真实结构重构的前提. 基于单轴压缩状态下煤体的CT图像,提出了一种基于图像灰度分布的孔隙度计算方法, 结合灰度直方图,利用实测孔隙度反推法对煤体CT图像进行了裂隙--煤基质--煤杂质三值化,同时与 最大类间方差法和最大熵法的三值化结果进行了对比分析. 结果表明, 最大熵法对于煤基质和煤杂质不能较好区分; 最大类间方差法对于图像微小区域灰度的突变(裂隙的产生)敏感性低,无法有效区分裂隙与煤基质; 本文改进的灰度直方图法避免了最大类间方差法和最大熵法的劣势,具有较好的图像三值化效果,且煤基质与煤杂质间的阈值基 于实验结果得到,具有更高的可信度和准确度. 相似文献
13.
A new method called direct measurement of vorticity (DMV) for digital particle images is described in this paper. Unlike
previous methods for calculating the vorticity in particle image velocimetry (PIV), the vorticity is determined directly from
the average angular displacement of rotation between two matched patterns. In order to improve the stability and precision
of the angular displacement, polar coordinates are used instead of Cartesian coordinates to depict gray level patterns. The
results of a Monte Carlo simulation of an Oseen-vortex flow indicate that the accuracy of the DMV method is independent of
the spatial resolution of the velocity sampling, and the errors in the velocity field will not be propagated into the vorticity
field as occurs with some finite difference methods. Therefore, the DMV method is a good method to be used to extract the
vorticity field from velocity data that has higher levels of uncertainty.
Received: 26 November 1999/Accepted: 30 October 2000 相似文献
14.
15.
The incipient motion of sand particle from sand bed plays a very important role in the prediction of windblown sand.In this paper,we proposed a new method for predicting the incipient motion of sand particle based on wind speed fluctuation as follows,when the wind speed is larger than the critical wind speed,if the total impulse on sand particle is larger than the critical impulse,incipient motion of sand particle would take place,otherwise if not.Furthermore,from the analysis of entrainment in the rolling and lifting modes,we come to the following conclusion.When the average wind speed is smaller than the critical wind speed,if the average wind speed is used to judge the incipient motion of sand particle,one will underestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed,if the instantaneous wind speed is used to judge incipient motion of sand particle,one will overestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed;When the average wind speed is larger than the critical wind speed,either the average or the instantaneous wind speeds is used to judge the incipientmotion of sand particles,one will overestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a study on measuring rotation speed of moving glass beads with an average diameter of 500 p.m in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with a high-speed digital imaging system. Two methods have been developed to calculate particle rotation speed from the particle images. The first method consists of a fully automated algorithm based on cross-correlation of gray distribution of particle images for particles whose rotation axes are (nearly) perpendicular to the imaging plane, and the second method calculates the speed of particle rotation by identifying its rotation axis using two or more characteristic points on its surface. The reliability of the two methods is verified by using a small sphere with known speed and direction of rotation. The first method is shown to be capable of measuring accurately the rotation speed for the particle with a rotation axis (nearly) perpendicular to the imaging plane and filtering off other particles using an appropriate threshold of correlation coefficient. The second method is shown to be capable of yielding both the speed and direction of particle rotation, with a measurement error of less than 10%. Results of both methods on real glass beads in a CFB riser are compared against each other. 相似文献
17.
Shubhra K. Misra M. Thomas C. Kambhamettu J. T. Kirby F. Veron M. Brocchini 《Experiments in fluids》2006,40(5):764-775
This paper describes a method for the estimation of the instantaneous air–water interface directly from particle image velocimetry (PIV) images of a laboratory generated air entraining turbulent hydraulic jump. Image processing methods such as texture segmentation based on gray level co-occurrence matrices are used to obtain a first approximation for the discrete location of the free surface. Active contours based on energy minimization principles are then implemented to get a more accurate estimate of the calculated interface and draw it closer to the real surface. Results are presented for two sets of images with varying degrees of image information and surface deformation. Comparisons with visually-interpreted surfaces show good agreement. In the absence of in-situ measurements, several verification tests based on physical reasoning show that the free surface is calculated to acceptable levels of accuracy. Aside from a single image used to tune the set of parameters, the algorithm is completely automated to process an ensemble of images representative of typical PIV applications. The method is computationally efficient and can be used to track fluid-interfaces undergoing non-rigid deformations. 相似文献
18.
A method for simultaneous determination of the particle size and velocity in a supersonic, two-phase luminescent jet consisting of a gas phase and the particles is considered. The jet is subjected to external transverse blowing by a hypersonic gas stream in two modes under whose effect it separates into the gas phase and a particle stream. The particle trajectories were determined by photography. A comparison between the theoretically computed and the experimental trajectories permits determination of the particle diameter and velocity. The particle distribution function over the diameters was found by means of the light intensity emitted by the stream of particles. 相似文献
19.
An experimental study on unsteady two phase flow is conducted in a vertical shock tube. Shock Mach numbers range from 1.3
to 1.5 in 1 bar. The particles are initially positioned in horizontal beds of various thicknesses. Our research covers a large
domain of void fraction from 1 (single particles) to 0.35 (compact beds). The experiments provide shadowgraph images for the
recording of particle trajectories (effect of the gas on the particles) and side-wall pressures (action of the particles on
the gas). A dense two phase flow model has been elaborated and numerically solved using a finite difference scheme with pseudoviscosity.
The simulated shock-induced fluidization of a 2 cm thick bed of 1.5 mm diameter glass particles is compared to the experiment.
Received 10 September 1996 / Accepted 4 January 1997 相似文献
20.
适用于SR-CT技术的新算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
SR-CT(Synchrotron Radiation Computed Tomography)技术中有多种重建算法,其典型算法有滤波反投影算法和迭代算法,这两类算法各有其特点。综合考虑重建结果的质量和重建运算的时间,本文提出了一种新的算法混合算法。通过不同算法重建图像的分析比较,结果表明混合算法包含了前两类算法的优点,而且避免了它们的缺点,是一种行之有效的算法。同时对混合算法中的一些重要参数如初始解系数、迭代步长也进行了详细讨论,并给出了这些参数对重建图像质量的影响关系。 相似文献