双层有机电致发光器件中多成分激发态发射

在结构为ITO/TPD(60nm)/PBD(60nm)/Al的双层器件观察到了单体发射、激基复合物发射和电荷对复合物发射.该器件和TPD∶PBD(等摩尔)混合蒸发薄膜的光致发光光谱研究表明激基复合物仅在TPD/PBD界面形成.电致发光光谱随偏置变化，反映出各激发态的不同形成机理和不同的占有比例及载流子在器件中动态复合的过程. 关键词： 电致发光 激发态发射 激基复合物 电荷对复合物     

混合发光层有机电致发光器件中的多重成分发射

以等摩尔空穴传输材料TPD和电子传输材料PBD组成结构为ITO/TPD/TPD∶PBD/PBD/Al的混合物发光层有机电致发光(EL)器件,观察到了相对于组成材料的荧光光谱红移的宽发射带。通过比较EL光谱,光致发光光谱及EL光谱分解,表明电致发光中同时包含单体发射、激基复合物和电荷对复合物的发射。激基复合物为TPD的激发态TPD*与PBD的基态相互作用形成TPD*PBD类型的复合物,电荷对复合物是带电荷的空穴传输分子(D+)的空穴和电子传输分子(A-)的电子交叉复合而形成的(D+-A-)*复合物。各激发态在电场作用下呈现不同的形成机理和复合过程,并且单体发射和激发态复合物的比例随电场而变化,导致发射光谱随电场增强而蓝移。该器件的最高亮度和最大外部量子效率分别为240 cd·(cm2)-1和0.49%。有机固态界面激基复合物或电荷对复合物的发射常出现宽的红移发射带,是调节发光颜色的有效手段。     

PVK/BCP体系电致激基复合物的研究

在PVK/BCP双层电致发光器件中发现了电致激基复合物的发光,器件的光谱中,除了有与光致发光相同的发光峰,在长波方向还有一个新的发光峰,该发光峰就是电致激基复合物的发光,发光来源于BCP的激发态向PVK基态的跃迁。PVK∶BCP混合型器件由于复合区域扩展,BCP分子可以与PVK充分接触,因此电致激基复合物的发光更强。不论是在双层器件还是在混合型器件中,随驱动电压的增加,电致激基复合物的发光都会增强,而混合型器件更加明显,当电压比较高时,器件只有电致激基复合物的发光了,而没有本征发光。     

稀土有机光伏器件

采用真空气相沉积法制备了结构为ITO／TPD／Gd(DBM)3bath／Mg：Ag的双层结构有机光伏器件，其中，TPD为受体，Gd(DBM)3bath为给体。在4mW／cm^2的365nm波长紫外光从IT0玻璃方向垂直照射下，器件的开路电压Voc，短路电流Isc和填充因子FF分别为3．2V，29．24μA／cm^2，0．286。在实验中发现器件的外量子效率的光谱响应曲线与TPD的吸收光谱曲线基本一致，在紫外光照射下TPD／Gd(DBM)3bath膜层的界面处产生的激基复合物在光伏过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。     

激基复合物给体作间隔层对激子复合区域的调节

为研究激基复合物器件激子复合区域的变化,在TPD/BPhen界面可形成激基复合物发光的基础上,以Ir(pq)2(acac)为探测层,制备器件ITO/Mo O_3(2.5 nm)/TPD((40-x)nm)/Ir(pq)2(acac)(0.5 nm)/TPD(x,x=0,3,6,10 nm)/BPhen(40 nm)/Cs2CO_3/Al,其中靠近BPhen的TPD称之为间隔层。电致发光光谱表明,该组器件的激子复合区域主要位于Ir(pq)2(acac)薄层和TPD/BPhen界面,分别发射595 nm和478 nm的光。随着TPD间隔层厚度的增加和电压的升高,发光区域向激基复合物区域(TPD/BPhen界面)移动,即更多的电子和空穴在TPD/BPhen界面形成激基复合物发光,Ir(pq)2(acac)发光减弱。当间隔层厚度由0 nm增至10nm时,6 V电压下的Ir(pq)2(acac)和激基复合物发光强度的比值由44降至1.5。对于间隔层厚度为6 nm的器件,Ir(pq)2(acac)和激基复合物发光强度的比值由6 V时的2.8降至10 V时的1.0。由此可见,激基复合物给体作间隔层能有效调节激子复合区域。     

有机激基复合物电致发光器件

报导了有机电致发光（ＯＥＬ）器件中激基复合物（ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ）的发光现象．利用简单的结构，获得了ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ型的白色电致发光．结果表明ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ的形成为ＯＥＬ器件获得多色发射提供了一种新途径．     

有机混合薄膜中的Foerster能量转移

通过掺杂不同的染料有机电致发光器件可以得到不同颜色的光发射。掺杂小分子有机材料苝酸四甲酯perylene-3，4，9，10-tetracarboxvlicacid(TMEP)到蓝色发光聚合物poly(N—vinyl—carbazole)聚乙烯基咔唑(PVK)，得到了很好的绿光发射。TEMP掺杂质量分数为0．01时，295．5nm激发波长的荧光光谱可以明显观察到在420nm处PVK和530nm处TEMP的发射峰值；当TMEP掺杂质量分数达到0．05～0．10之间，器件的电致发光光谱和荧光光谱发射峰几乎完全被TEMP的绿光所占据。光谱的转移归因于从聚合物PVK到小分子有机材料TMEP的Foerster能量转移。荧光光谱中随着TMEP掺杂浓度的的增大发射峰值有明显的红移，这种现象被归因于在TMEP高浓度掺杂情况下激基缔合物的形成。激基缔合物的形成从TMEP在薄膜状态下与溶液状态下的荧光光谱的比较中得到证实。     

白色有机电致发光器件中多组份电致激基复合物形成及抑制

从荧光-磷光复合结构的有机电致发光器件的研究入手,采用OXD-7作为蓝色荧光发光层,Ir(MDQ)2acac掺杂在母体材料作为红橙磷光发光层,设计制备了双波段白光有机电致发光器件。研究中发现,OXD-7,Alq3和NPB的三组分协同作用可以导致电致激基复合物的产生,以及由此导致的光谱红移,并使得器件发光效率降低。通过插入TDAF中间层可以有效地抑制激基复合物的产生,同时,通过控制载流子传输的平衡,以及磷光材料的掺杂浓度,可以获得器件发光亮度、效率的提升。     

电子传输层PBD对Alq_3∶DCJTB电致发光器件的影响(英文)

以PBD为电子传输层制作了一组掺杂型有机电致发光器件,并研究了掺杂器件中PBD对器件的光谱、亮度等的影响。发现PBD与NPB和DCJTB分别掺杂的器件的光谱与其它的器件不同,然后运用了载流子的注入、传输及PBD的传输特性等方法对光谱做出了合理的解释,并运用高斯截谱的方法分析了各个发光峰的产生原因。     

电子传输层PBD对Alq3：DCJTB电致发光器件的影响

以PBD为电子传输层制作了一组掺杂型有机电致发光器件,并研究了掺杂器件中PBD对器件的光谱、亮度等的影响。发现PBD与NPB和DCJTB分别掺杂的器件的光谱与其它的器件不同,然后运用了载流子的注入、传输及PBD的传输特性等方法对光谱做出了合理的解释,并运用高斯截谱的方法分析了各个发光峰的产生原因。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.