Modern Michelson-Morley experiment using cryogenic optical resonators

We report on a new test of Lorentz invariance performed by comparing the resonance frequencies of two orthogonal cryogenic optical resonators subject to Earth's rotation over approximately 1 yr. For a possible anisotropy of the speed of light c, we obtain Delta(theta)c/c(0)=(2.6+/-1.7)x10(-15). Within the Robertson-Mansouri-Sexl (RMS) test theory, this implies an isotropy violation parameter beta-delta-1 / 2=(-2.2+/-1.5)x10(-9), about 3 times lower than the best previous result. Within the general extension of the standard model of particle physics, we extract limits on seven parameters at accuracies down to 10(-15), improving the best previous result by about 2 orders of magnitude.     

Atom-interferometry tests of the isotropy of post-Newtonian gravity

We present a test of the local Lorentz invariance of post-Newtonian gravity by monitoring Earth's gravity with a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer that features a resolution of up to 8 x 10{-9}g/sqrt[Hz], the highest reported thus far. Expressed within the standard model extension (SME) or Nordtvedt's anisotropic universe model, the analysis limits four coefficients describing anisotropic gravity at the ppb level and three others, for the first time, at the 10 ppm level. Using the SME we explicitly demonstrate how the experiment actually compares the isotropy of gravity and electromagnetism.     

Search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B0s--> mu(+) mu(-) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV with the D0 detector

We present the results of a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B(0)(s)--> mu(+) mu(-) using a data set with integrated luminosity of 240 pb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV collected with the D0 detector in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We find the upper limit on the branching fraction to be B(B(0)(s)--> mu(+) mu(-)) < or= 5.0 x 10(-7) at the 95% C.L. assuming no contributions from the decay B(0)(d)--> mu(+) mu(-) in the signal region. This limit is the most stringent upper bound on the branching fraction B(0)(s)--> mu(+) mu(-) to date.     

Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks

Over five years, we have compared the hyperfine frequencies of 133Cs and 87Rb atoms in their electronic ground state using several laser-cooled 133Cs and 87Rb atomic fountains with an accuracy of approximately 10(-15). These measurements set a stringent upper bound to a possible fractional time variation of the ratio between the two frequencies: d/dt ln([(nu(Rb))/(nu(Cs))]=(0.2+/-7.0)x 10(-16) yr(-1) (1sigma uncertainty). The same limit applies to a possible variation of the quantity (mu(Rb)/mu(Cs))alpha(-0.44), which involves the ratio of nuclear magnetic moments and the fine structure constant.     

Universal charge-radius relation for subatomic and astrophysical compact objects

Electron-positron pair creation in supercritical electric fields limits the net charge of any static, spherical object, such as superheavy nuclei, strangelets, and Q balls, or compact stars like neutron stars, quark stars, and black holes. For radii between 4 x 10(2) and 10(4) fm the upper bound on the net charge is given by the universal relation Z=0.71R(fm), and for larger radii (measured in femtometers or kilometers) Z=7 x 10(-5)R_(2)(fm)=7 x 10(31)R_(2)(km). For objects with nuclear density the relation corresponds to Z approximately 0.7A(1/3)( (10(8)10(12)), where A is the baryon number. For some systems this universal upper bound improves existing charge limits in the literature.     

Search for electron neutrino appearance in a 250 km long-baseline experiment

We present a search for electron neutrino appearance from accelerator-produced muon neutrinos in the K2K long-baseline neutrino experiment. One candidate event is found in the data corresponding to an exposure of 4.8 x 10(19) protons on target. The expected background in the absence of neutrino oscillations is estimated to be 2.4+/-0.6 events and is dominated by misidentification of events from neutral current pi(0) production. We exclude the nu(micro) to nu(e) oscillations at 90% C.L. for the effective mixing angle in the 2-flavor approximation of sin((2)2theta(microe)( approximately 1/2sin((2)2theta(13))>0.15 at Deltam(2)(microe)=2.8 x 10(-3) eV(2), the best-fit value of the nu(micro) disappearance analysis in K2K. The most stringent limit of sin((2)2theta(microe)<0.09 is obtained at Deltam(2)(microe)=6 x 10(-3) eV(2).     

Complete two-loop electroweak fermionic corrections to the effective leptonic weak mixing angle sin2theta(lept)eff and indirect determination of the Higgs Boson Mass

We present a complete calculation of the contributions to the effective leptonic weak mixing angle, sin((2)theta;(lept)(eff), generated by closed fermion loops at the two-loop level of the electroweak interactions. This quantity is the source of the most stringent bound on the mass M(H) of the standard model Higgs boson. The size of the corrections with respect to known partial results varies between -4 x 10(-5) and -8 x 10(-5) for a realistic range of M(H) from 100 to 300 GeV. This translates into a shift of the predicted (from sin((2)theta;(lept)(eff) alone) central value of M(H) by +19 GeV, to be compared with the shift induced by a recent change in the measured top quark mass which amounts to +36 GeV.     

New CP-violation and preferred-frame tests with polarized electrons

We used a torsion pendulum containing approximately 9 x 10(22) polarized electrons to search for CP-violating interactions between the pendulum's electrons and unpolarized matter in the laboratory's surroundings or the Sun, and to test for preferred-frame effects that would precess the electrons about a direction fixed in inertial space. We find, /g(P)(e)g(S)(N)//(Planck's constant x c) < 1.7 x 10(-36), and /g(A)(e)g(V)(N)//(Planck's constant x c) < 4.8 x 10(-56) for lambda > 1 AU. Our preferred-frame constraints, interpreted in the Kostelecky framework, set an upper limit on the parameter /b(e)/ 相似文献   

Measurement of the K(L) charge asymmetry

We present a measurement of the charge asymmetry delta(L) in the mode K(L)-->pi(+/-)e(-/+)nu based on 298 x 10(6) analyzed decays. We measure a value of delta(L) = [3322+/-58(stat)+/-47(syst)]x10(-6), in good agreement with previous measurements and 2.4 times more precise than the current best published result. The result is used to place more stringent limits on CPT and DeltaS = DeltaQ violation in the neutral kaon system.     

Test of cosmic spatial isotropy for polarized electrons using a rotatable torsion balance

To test the cosmic spatial isotropy, we use a rotatable torsion balance carrying a transversely spin-polarized ferrimagnetic Dy6Fe23 mass. With a rotation period of 1 h, the period of anisotropy signal is reduced from one sidereal day by about 24 times, and hence the 1/f noise is reduced. Our present experimental results constrain the cosmic anisotropy Hamiltonian H=C(1)sigma(1)+C2sigma(2)+C3sigma(3) (sigma(3) is in the axis of earth rotation) to (C(2)(1)+C(2)(2))(1/2)=(1.1+/-2.0)x10(-20) eV and /C(3)/=(1.1+/-6.0)x10(-19) eV. This improves the previous limits on (C(2)(1)+C(2)(2))(1/2) by 27 times.     

Search for very light CP-odd Higgs Boson in radiative decays of Upsilon(1S)

We search for a non-SM-like CP-odd Higgs boson (a(1)(0)) decaying to tau(+)tau(-) or mu(+)mu(-) in radiative decays of the Upsilon(1S). No significant signal is found, and upper limits on the product branching ratios are set. Our tau(+)tau(-) results are almost 2 orders of magnitude more stringent than previous upper limits. Our data provide no evidence for a Higgs state with a mass of 214 MeV decaying to mu(+)mu(-), previously proposed as an explanation for 3 Sigma(+)-->pmu(+)mu(-) events observed by the HyperCP experiment. Our results constrain NMSSM models.     

Photon-mass bound destroyed by vortices

The Particle Data Group gives an upper bound on the photon mass m < 2 x 10(-16) eV from a laboratory experiment and lists, but does not adopt, an astronomical bound m < 3 x 10(-27) eV, both of which are based on the plausible assumption of large galactic vector potential. We argue that the interpretations of these experiments should be changed, which alters significantly the bounds on m. If m arises from a Higgs effect, both limits are invalid because the Proca vector potential of the galactic magnetic field may be neutralized by vortices giving a large-scale magnetic field that is effectively Maxwellian. If, on the other hand, the galactic magnetic field is in the Proca regime, the very existence of the observed large-scale magnetic field gives m(-1) > or = 1 kpc, or m < or = 10(-26) eV.     

Improved constraints on D0-D0 mixing in D0 --> K+ pi- decays from the Belle detector

We report the results of a search for D0-D0 mixing in D0 --> K+ pi- decays based on 400 fb(-1) of data accumulated by the Belle detector at KEKB. Both assuming CP conservation and allowing for CP violation, we fit the decay-time distribution for the mixing parameters x and y, as well as for the parameter R(D), the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays to Cabibbo-favored decays. The 95% confidence level region in the (x'2,y') plane is obtained using a frequentist method. Assuming CP conservation, we find x'2 < 0.72 x 10(-3) and -9.9 x 10(-3) < y' < 6.8 x 10(-3) at the 95% confidence level; these are the most stringent constraints on the mixing parameters to date. The no-mixing point (0,0) has a confidence level of 3.9%. Assuming no mixing, we measure R(D) = (0.377 +/- 0.008 +/- 0.005)%.     

Particle physics catalysis of thermal big bang nucleosynthesis

We point out that the existence of metastable, tau>10(3) s, negatively charged electroweak-scale particles (X-) alters the predictions for lithium and other primordial elemental abundances for A>4 via the formation of bound states with nuclei during big bang nucleosynthesis. In particular, we show that the bound states of X- with helium, formed at temperatures of about T=10(8) K, lead to the catalytic enhancement of 6Li production, which is 8 orders of magnitude more efficient than the standard channel. In particle physics models where subsequent decay of X- does not lead to large nonthermal big bang nucleosynthesis effects, this directly translates to the level of sensitivity to the number density of long-lived X- particles (tau>10(5) s) relative to entropy of nX-/s less, approximately <3x10(-17), which is one of the most stringent probes of electroweak scale remnants known to date.     

Precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with KamLAND

The KamLAND experiment has determined a precise value for the neutrino oscillation parameter Deltam21(2) and stringent constraints on theta12. The exposure to nuclear reactor antineutrinos is increased almost fourfold over previous results to 2.44 x 10(32) proton yr due to longer livetime and an enlarged fiducial volume. An undistorted reactor nu[over]e energy spectrum is now rejected at >5sigma. Analysis of the reactor spectrum above the inverse beta decay energy threshold, and including geoneutrinos, gives a best fit at Deltam21(2)=7.58(-0.13)(+0.14)(stat) -0.15+0.15(syst) x 10(-5) eV2 and tan2theta12=0.56(-0.07)+0.10(stat) -0.06+0.10(syst). Local Deltachi2 minima at higher and lower Deltam21(2) are disfavored at >4sigma. Combining with solar neutrino data, we obtain Deltam21(2)=7.59(-0.21)+0.21 x 10(-5) eV2 and tan2theta12=0.47(-0.05)+0.06.     

Testing for Lorentz violation: constraints on standard-model-extension parameters via lunar laser ranging

We present constraints on violations of Lorentz invariance based on archival lunar laser-ranging (LLR) data. LLR measures the Earth-Moon separation by timing the round-trip travel of light between the two bodies and is currently accurate to the equivalent of a few centimeters (parts in 10(11) of the total distance). By analyzing this LLR data under the standard-model extension (SME) framework, we derived six observational constraints on dimensionless SME parameters that describe potential Lorentz violation. We found no evidence for Lorentz violation at the 10(-6) to 10(-11) level in these parameters. This work constitutes the first LLR constraints on SME parameters.     

时间分辨激光荧光光谱技术在免疫分析中的应用

本研究以时间分辨激发荧光光谱分析技术为基础 ,进行稀土离子标记的激光激发的时间分辨荧光免疫分析 (TRFIA)研究。实验以自行合成的二乙三胺五醋酸酐 (DTPAA)为双功能螯合剂。用 Eu3+标记兔抗人 (RAH) Ig G抗体 ,依据解离增强原理 (DEL FIA) ,研究了 Eu3+ -β萘甲酰三氟丙酮 (β- NTA)的荧光分辨体系 ,测定了荧光光谱和荧光寿命 ,建立了铕离子分析检出方法 ,其工作曲线范围为 1× 10 - 7～ 1× 10 - 1 1g· m L- 1 ,检测限为 1× 10 - 1 3g· m L- 1 ,相对标准偏差为 6 .4%。结合 TRFIA方法学研究 ,进行了人血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体 (Anti- HCV)检测。并同酶联免疫法 (EL ISA)对比。取得 TRFIA法阳性检测率明显高于EL ISA法的结果。     

Search for the weak decay of a lightly bound H0 dibaryon

We present results of a search for a new form of hadronic matter, a six-quark, dibaryon state called the H0, a state predicted to exist in several theoretical models. Analyzing data collected by experiment E799-II at Fermilab, we searched for the decay H0-->Lambdappi(-) and found no candidate events. We place an upper limit on [B(H0-->Lambdappi(-))dsigma(H)/dOmega]/(dsigma(Xi)/dOmega) and, in the context of published models, exclude the region of lightly bound mass states just below the LambdaLambda mass threshold, 2.194相似文献   

锌(Ⅱ)-氟罗沙星光化学荧光法测定药物制剂中的氟罗沙星

氟罗沙星在紫外光的照射下易发生光解作用。依据氟罗沙星的光解产物与Zn2+离子形成配合物,能显著地增敏氟罗沙星的荧光强度,建立了敏化荧光分析氟罗沙星的新方法。探讨了酸度、[Zn2+]/[PHFLRX]浓度比和光照等对荧光强度的影响。结果表明该方法的线性范围为5.0×10-8～5.0×10-6 mol·L-1,检出限为4.2×10-8 mol·L-1。对浓度为5.0×10-7 mol·L-1的氟罗沙星平行测定20次,计算其相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%。对针剂、片剂和尿样中的氟罗沙星分别进行了测定,其回收率为95.0%～105.0%。并在实验的基础上,对其机理进行了合理的推测。