Inelastic cotunneling through a long diffusive wire

We show that electron transport through a long multichannel wire, connected to leads by tunnel junctions, at low temperatures T and voltages V is dominated by inelastic cotunneling. This mechanism results in experimentally observed power-law dependence of conductance on T and V, in the diffusive regime where usual Coulomb anomaly theory leads to exponentially low conductance. The power-law exponent α* is proportional to the distance between contacts L. The article is published in the original.     

Low frequency impedance of a round superconducting wire

We calculated the electric field E on the surface of a straight superconducting wire with circular cross-section carrying AC transport current I=I_acosωt. Performing the Fourier analysis of E, we found that both components of the first harmonic have the same form: the critical current I_c in prefactor and the rest depending on the ratio F=I_a/I_c. The in-phase component leads to the classical result of loss calculation, while the out-of-phase component was derived for the first time. Thus the wire can be symbolized by a complex self-inductance L₁(I)=L₁′(I)−jL₁″(I) where L₁′ represents the reactive power while L₁″ the losses. When the lock-in amplifier, used to sort out the components of the first harmonic, is utilized in the wide-band mode, it allows one to determine the magnetic flux penetrated in the wire volume at two significant moments of the AC cycle: at zero current (remanent flux) and at the amplitude value of current.     

Noise correlations in three-terminal diffusive superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor nanostructures

We present measurements of current noise and cross correlations in three-terminal superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor (S-N-S) nanostructures that are potential solid-state entanglers thanks to Andreev reflections at the N-S interfaces. The noise-correlation measurements spanned from the regime where electron-electron interactions are relevant to the regime of incoherent multiple Andreev reflection. In the latter regime, negative cross correlations are observed in samples with closely spaced junctions.     

Quantum thermal conductance of electrons in a one-dimensional wire

We use an electron thermometer to measure the temperature rise of approximately 2 x 10(5) electrons in a two-dimensional box, due to heat flow into the box through a ballistic one-dimensional (1D) constriction. Using a simple model we deduce the thermal conductance kappa(Vg) of the 1D constriction, which we compare to its electrical conductance characteristics; for the first four 1D subbands the heat carried by the electrons passing through the wire is proportional to its electrical conductance G(Vg). In the vicinity of the 0.7 structure this proportionality breaks down, and a plateau at the quantum of thermal conductance pi(2)k(2/B)T/3h is observed.     

单线法测量横向阻抗系统设计与模拟计算

 介绍了单线法测量横向阻抗的基本原理、系统设计和初步模拟计算结果。单线法横向阻抗测量系统由待测元件/参考元件、内置导线、导线偏移调节机构、阻抗匹配段和测量仪器构成。调节机构可以精确调整内置导线的横向位置以激励偶极模式。利用微波工作室软件模拟计算待测元件（2 856 MHz“凸型”腔）的偶极模。“凸型”腔横向阻抗的幅值和偶极模频率的计算结果与ABCI程序数值计算的结果基本相符,说明了单线法横向阻抗测量系统理论上的可行性。     

Metallic bolometers with temperature dependent thermal impedance

The paper gives the solution of a bolometer with thermal impedance, which is a general function of the temperature. The general solution is applied to a bolometer cooled by radiation for which the appropriate expressions fo the resistance, sensitivity and dynamic resistance are derived and the expression for the maximum sensitivity of this type of bolometers from nickel, platinum and electrolytical platinum is given. The case of a bolometer cooled by conduction through the air and radiation is solved as the case of a bolometer with several ways of cooling. The paper also gives a graphico-numerical method for determining all the important parameters of the bolometer from the measured dependence of the resistance on the electric power RI²; an example of the application of this method is given for a conduction and radiation cooled bolometer. Deviations from the theoretical course are explained by convection of heat caused by the flow of air along the bolometer due to the increase in temperature of the bolometer over that of its surroundings. The paper also gives the maximum attainable sensitivity of this type of bolometer and metallic bolometers in general.     

The thermal accommodation of helium and argon on a tungsten wire,deduced from the heat lost by the wire

Experimental data are presented on the heat imparted by a polycrystalline tungsten wire of preferred orientation (such that the [110] direction was approximately parallel to the wire axis) to helium and argon at pressures of order 10^?3 torr. Values of the accommodation coefficient (α) are deduced, the temperature of the gases being 300°K and that of the tungsten ranging from 1073 to 1785°K. Over this temperature range the values of α for helium and argon are 0.018 and 0.25 respectively, being virtually independent of the temperature difference between the gases and the tungsten.     

Noise and thermal properties of a submillimeter mixer with the SINS tunnel junction

In this work we present for the first time a low-noise submillimeter receiver with a mixer using Superconductor-Insulator-Normal metal-Superconductor (SINS) junctions. Junctions containing a normal metal layer may be free of the Josephson current and of the related perturbations of mixer operation specific for the standard SIS mixers. This SINS mixer quality is important for the application in the multibeam submillimeter receiver. The SINS mixer stability of operation and independence on the magnetic field have been confirmed in our experiment. Minimum SINS receiver noise in the 290 – 330 GHz band is about 135 K when the junction R_NC is about 30. Noise, conversion gain and thermal properties of the SINS mixer have been studied and compared with the SIS mixers. The limit of SINS mixer operation improvement is discussed at the end of the work.     

双线法测量横向阻抗中双线间距及线径的影响

 根据双线法测量横向阻抗的原理,从理论和模拟计算两方面对双线间距、线径因素造成的系统误差进行讨论。给出谐振腔近似下双线法测量横向阻抗的等效电路,通过此等效电路对双线间距、线径因素造成的系统误差进行讨论。通过模拟计算的方法分析了双线法测量类腔体TM110模式横向阻抗时,不同双线间距、不同线径带来的系统误差,模拟计算的结果与等效电路结果分析得到的定性结果一致。模拟计算分析表明,对于管道半径为50 mm的类腔体结构,线径小于6 mm及双线距离小于50 mm时,双线间距及线径引入的横向阻抗系统误差小于8%。     

Interfacial properties of a driven diffusive system

A study is made of the low-temperature interfacial properties of a driven system with a single conserved density whose bulk properties were first analyzed, using computer simulations, by Katz, Lebowitz, and Spohn in 1983. The system corresponds to a nearest neighbor interacting lattice gas of charged particles (henceconserved order parameter), which are acted upon by a uniform, constant external electric fieldE. Starting from a bulk kinetic equation, an integral equation for the interface is derived. Nonlocal coupling between different parts of the interface arises from local particle conservation. The interface at any angle is shown to be stable against small deformations ofall wavelengths that are large compared to the interfacial width. However, the relaxation rate(k) for the interface exhibits a strongorientational dependence, which can be understood in terms of the modification of nonlocality byE. The wandering of the interface is considered. Also, the possible stabilizing effect of periodic boundary conditions on the orientation toward the direction ofE is discussed.     

Electromechanical noise in a diffusive conductor

Electrons moving in a conductor can transfer momentum to the lattice via collisions with impurities and boundaries, giving rise to a fluctuating mechanical stress tensor. The root-mean-squared momentum transfer per scattering event in a disordered metal (of dimension L greater than the mean-free path l and screening length xi) is found to be reduced below the Fermi momentum by a factor of order l/L for shear fluctuations and (xi/L)(2) for pressure fluctuations. The excitation of an elastic bending mode by the shear fluctuations is estimated to fall within current experimental sensitivity for a nanomechanical oscillator.     

低温温度计标定装置中测量引线传热分析

介绍了低温温度计标定装置中的热沉问题;建立了数学模型;找出了计算与热沉接触电引线长度的方法;并给出了实例计算。为解决低温装置中的热沉问题提供了理论依据。     

Noise in the wire: The real impact of wire resistance for the Johnson(-like) noise based secure communicator

We re-evaluate the impact of wire resistance on the noise voltage and current in the Johnson(-like) noise based secure communicator, correcting the result presented in [J. Scheuer, A. Yariv, Phys. Lett. A 359 (2006) 737]. The analysis shown here is based on the fluctuation-dissipation and the linear response theorems. The results indicate that the impact of wire resistance in practical communicators is significantly lower than the previous estimation.     

Phase slips in a one-dimensional superconducting wire: Crossover from quantum tunneling to thermal hopping

We carry out quantum Monte Carlo simulations for the finite temperature behavior of a chain of coupled superconducting grains, whose T = 0 characteristics have been presented by Matveev et al. [K.A. Matveev, A.I. Larkin, L.I. Glazman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 096802]. Quantum phase slips at low temperatures and the crossover to thermal hopping at elevated temperatures are observed. The effect of phase slips on persistent currents is numerically demonstrated.     

利用弹性模量实验装置测定金属丝的热膨胀系数

对弹性模量实验装置进行改造,在金属丝上包裹加热装置,并增加了温度显示及控制器,实现了金属丝热膨胀系数的测量.     

像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下噪声频谱分析

利用自行设计的CMETS005型检测与光谱测试系统对微光瞄准镜进行测试,完成了像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下的噪声频谱特性测试。试验与分析结果表明:像增强器经过温度冲击后的噪声功率谱在0~1kHz范围内随频率增加而变化较大,呈1/f噪声特性。当环境温度升高时,光电阴极中的热致电流密度增大,从而导致微光瞄准镜观察景物图像时的对比度与鉴别率降低,最后引起夜视系统探测目标性能的下降。     

Transition in the dynamics of a diffusive running sandpile

A running sandpile is shown to undergo a dynamical transition as diffusion is increased from zero. The transition takes place after the local diffusion has become so large as to erase the local inhomogeneities, caused by the intermittent rain of sand, before they can trigger avalanche activity. The system then undergoes an abrupt change with the self-similar structure of the dynamics being replaced with quasiperiodic, near system-size transport events. These results may have significant implications for many of the driven physical systems for which self-organized criticality based dynamical models have been proposed.