Absolute frequency measurement of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions with a femtosecond laser comb

The absolute frequencies of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions at 760 nm are measured to an accuracy of 20 kHz with an optical frequency comb based on a mode-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. The rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions are potential candidates for frequency standards and serve as important optical frequency standards for telecommunication applications. The accuracy of the hyperfine constant of the 7S1/2 state is improved by a factor of 5 in comparison with previous results.     

Efficient two-photon sensitized luminescence of europium （Ⅲ） complex based on hypersensitive transitions

Red frequency-upconversion fluorescence emission is observed in europium(Ⅲ) complex with encapsulating polybenzimidazole tripodal ligands, pumped with 930- and 1070-nm picosecond laser pulses. The lumines- cence of transition 5D0 →7F2 (612 nm) is induced by two-photon absorption of hypersensitive transitions 7F0 →5D2 (465 nm) and 7F1 →5D1 (535 nm). Analysis results suggest that the two-photon excitation strength of these hypersensitive transitions is increased dramatically owing to the C3 symmetry of the coordination field.     

Absolute frequency determination of the 5P3/2-->7S1/2 transition in 87Rb

We report the absolute frequency of the important 5S(1/2)-->7S(1/2) two-photon transition in (87)Rb. We access the upper state using two dipole-allowed transitions via the intermediate 5P(3/2) state. This allows us to use much lower laser intensities compared to directly driving the two-photon transition, thereby avoiding potential errors due to the AC Stark shift. Collisional shifts are also minimized because the atomic density required is several orders of magnitude smaller. Our values are consistent with earlier frequency-comb measurements.     

Observation of rubidium 5S1/2 --> 7S1/2 two-photon transitions with a diode laser

The 5S1/2 --> 7S1/2 two-photon transition of atomic rubidium, which is 100 times weaker than the 5S-5D transition, is observed with an extended-cavity diode laser and a vapor cell. Signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 280 are obtained with a laser power of 10 mW, and the observed linewidth is 3 MHz. The laser wavelength is 760 nm and is locked on the transitions to a stability of 2 x 10(-11). For the first time to our knowledge, the isotope shift of this transition is measured to be 130(4) MHz in atomic frequency.     

利用铷原子双光子跃迁产生420nm蓝光的实验研究

本实验通过饱和吸收方法获得了铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)单光子跃迁光谱,并进一步研究了铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)→5 D_(5/2)的双光子跃迁光谱。使用780nm的控制光和776nm的信号光反向共线作用到铷泡中,通过探测6 P_(3/2)→5S_(1/2)自发辐射产生的420nm蓝光信号得到铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)→5 D_(5/2)双光子跃迁光谱,利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪测量了~(87)Rb和~(85)Rb的5 D_(5/2)激发态超精细能级,详细研究了铷泡温度和776nm信号光功率对~(87)Rb 5S_(1/2)(F=2)→5 D_(5/2)双光子跃迁光谱的影响。该研究工作为基于原子分子精密光谱测量提供了实验基础。     

Two-photon Fourier spectroscopy with femtosecond light pulses

We demonstrate a Fourier spectrometer that uses intense ultrashort laser pulses. By exciting the 6S(1/2) - 8S(1/2) two-photon transition in atomic cesium vapor, we are able to measure the small hyperfine splitting of the 8S(1/2) excited state. This technique, combining a high spectral resolution with the high peak intensities available to femtosecond laser systems, may offer intriguing opportunities for the study of multiphoton transitions and for spectroscopy in the short-wavelength region.     

Frequency stabilization of a frequency-doubled 1556-nm source to the 5S(1/2) ? 5D (5/2) two-photon transitions of rubidium

Improvements in the power level of sources near 1550 nm and in the efficiency of waveguide frequency doublers enabled us to lock a frequency-doubled source directly to the 5S(1/2) ? 5D(5/2) two-photon transitions near 778 nm. We obtained a sufficiently powerful second-harmonic signal, exceeding 2 mW, by doubling an external-cavity diode laser that was amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier in a periodically poled LiNbO(3) channel waveguide. Our experimental scheme can be used for realizing compact, high-performance frequency standards near 1550 nm for fiber-optic communication and sensing applications.     

Time-resolved probing of the ground state coherence in rubidium

We demonstrate the preparation and probing of the coherence between the hyperfine ground states |S(1/2),F=1> and |5S(1/2),F=2> of the Rb87 isotope. The effects of various coherence control techniques, i.e., fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and coherent population return, on the coherence are investigated. These techniques are implemented using nearly degenerate pump and Stokes lasers at 795 nm (Rb D1 transition), which couple the two hyperfine ground states via the excited state |5P(1/2),F=1> through a resonant two-photon process in which a coherent superposition of the two hyperfine ground states is established. The medium is probed by an additional weak laser, which generates a four-wave mixing signal proportional to the ground state coherence and allows us to monitor its evolution in time. The experimental data are compared with numerical simulations.     

Hyperfine splitting,isotope shift,and level energy of the 3S states of (6,7)Li

We study the 2S-3S transition of (6,7)Li by high-precision laser spectroscopy using two-photon Doppler-free excitation and photoionization detection. Interferometric cross referencing to metrologic Rb 3S-5D two-photon transitions allowed measurement of the transition isotope shift and hyperfine splitting in the 3S state with precision at the 30 kHz level. The results are IS=11 453.734(30) MHz, A(3S)(6Li)=35.263(15) MHz, and A(3S)(7Li)=93.106(11) MHz. Combined with recent theoretical work, the isotope shift yields a new value for the change in squared nuclear charge radii DeltaR(2)=0.47(5) fm(2). This is compared with other work and some existing discrepancies are resolved.     

Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy

We analyze several possibilities for precisely measuring electronic transitions in atomic helium by the direct use of phase-stabilized femtosecond frequency combs. Because the comb is self-calibrating and can be shifted into the ultraviolet spectral region via harmonic generation, it offers the prospect of greatly improved accuracy for UV and far-UV transitions. To take advantage of this accuracy an ultracold helium sample is needed. For measurements of the triplet spectrum a magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be used to cool and trap metastable 2³S state atoms. We analyze schemes for measuring the two-photon 2³S →4³S interval, and for resonant two-photon excitation to high Rydberg states, 2³S →3³P →n³S, D. We also analyze experiments on the singlet-state spectrum. To accomplish this we propose schemes for producing and trapping ultracold helium in the 1¹S or 2¹S state via intercombination transitions. A particularly intriguing scenario is the possibility of measuring the 1¹S →2¹S transition with extremely high accuracy by use of two-photon excitation in a magic wavelength trap that operates identically for both states. We predict a “triple magic wavelength” at 412 nm that could facilitate numerous experiments on trapped helium atoms, because here the polarizabilities of the 1¹S, 2¹S and 2³S states are all similar, small, and positive.     

243—263nm S原子Rydberg态的(2+1)共振增强多光子电离

在243—263nm波长范围,测量了S⁺分质量激发谱,得到SO₂分子光解产生的S原子近50条(2+1)共振增强多光子电离谱线．除了来自S原子基态3p⁴³P_2,1,0直至n=10的Rydberg态³P,³D,³F的许多双光子跃迁谱线外,观察到若干新的¹P⁰,⁵S^关键词：     

掺Er3+/Yb3+氟氧玻璃的上转换发光特性

制备了新的Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺氟氧硅酸盐微晶玻璃,测试了材料的荧光光谱和吸收光谱。上转换光谱表明:有红(645 nm)、绿(545,522 nm)、蓝(480 nm)4个发光中心,分别对应Er³⁺的⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2、⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2、²H_11/2→⁴I_15/2、⁴F_7/2→⁴I_15/2 跃迁。发光曲线拟合斜率分别为1.81、2.39、1.95、2.15,均为双光子吸收过程。样品经热处理降低了声子能量,大大提高了上转换效率。采用Judd-Ofelt理论对样品光谱进行了分析,拟合得到了强度参数。     

Laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of argon in the wavelength region 605–740 nm

Two-photon optogalvanic transitions in Ar glow discharge with Nd: YAG laser pumped dye laser excitation in the frequency range 13520–16520 cm⁻¹ has been studied using linear and circular polarization. The intensities of two-photon optogalvanic transitions are very sensitive to changes in the incident laser power which is not the case with one-photon transitions. Intensity ratio for circular and linear polarized light for two photon transitions 6s′[1/2]°1←4s[3/2]°2, 6s′[1/2]°0←4s[3/2]°2, and 5d[1/2]°0←4s[3/2]°2, 5d[1/2]°1←4s[3/2]°2 are quite different from the other two-photon transitions. This has been explained as due to near one photon resonance of 4p′[3/2]1 level for the first pair and 4p′[1/2]1 for the second pair of transitions. The ratio of optogalvanic intensity for circular to linear polarized light has been theoretically estimated and compared with the observed results.     

Er3+单掺,Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂氟化物中红绿上转换荧光机理实验探索

制备了稀土离子Er^3＋单掺,Er^3＋-Yb^3＋共掺杂氟化物样品。在980nm波长激光激发下,室温时观察到了清晰可见的红（650nm）绿（545nm）上转换荧光,它们分别对应^4S3/2,^2H11/2-^4I15/2和^4F9／2-^4I15/2的发射。同时发现红绿上转换荧光的比值随Er^3＋的浓度增加而减少（对共掺而言）。上换荧光强度与激发光强度的关系表明红绿上转换荧光都是双光子上转换过程,在此基础上,根据能量匹配的原理,讨论了红绿上转换荧光的可能实现机制。     

Tm(0.1)Yb(10.9)氟氧化物玻璃的直接上转换敏化发光

本文首次研究了Tm(0.1)Yb(10.9)氟氧化物玻璃在966nm半导体激光激发下的直接上转换敏化发光现象。测量发现存在很强的^1G4→^3H6的474nm三光子和较弱的^1D2→^3H6的362nm,^1D2→^3F4的452nm,^1G4→^3F4的650nm三光子以及^3F3→^3H6的681nm二光子上转换发光。并对他们的上转换机理做了简要的讨论分析。     

One- and two-photon laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of neon in the 570-626 nm region

Eleven two-photon transitions originating from the 2p⁵3s[3/2]₂, 2p⁵3s′[1/2]_o, 2p⁵3s[3/2]₁, and 2p⁵3s′[1/2]₁ states to the 2p⁵4d configuration states have been investigated in the optogalvanic spectrum of neon in the visible region (570-626 nm) for the first time. The two-photon assignments are confirmed by evaluating the temporal evolution, power dependency, and line widths of the optogalvanic signals. The time evolution of the optogalvanic signals for the two-photon transition originating from the metastable 2p⁵3s[3/2]₂ state to the 2p⁵4d′[3/2]₂ state has also been studied at different discharge currents.     

Ba原子6s5d~3 D与6p5d~3 F态的超精细结构及态间跃迁的同位素移动的直接确定

提出并演示了一种光泵预选态的原子光谱测量方法,并对Ba原子的6s5d3 D态与6p5d3 F态的超精细结构及该跃迁的同位素移动进行了直接测量。首先利用791nm的激光激发Ba原子特定同位素及特定超精细结构的6s6s 1 S0→6s6p3 P1跃迁,并利用6s6p3 P1→6s5d3 D2的自发辐射有选择地分别将这些同位素制备到6s5d3 D2态不同的超精细能级上,再用778nm的激光扫出对应的6s5d3 D2→6p5d3 F2跃迁的荧光光谱,通过这几组光谱之间的对比直接实现了对22条超精细谱线的认定和归属,从而得到了135 Ba和137 Ba的6s5d3 D2能级与6p5d3 F2能级的超精细结构常数及该跃迁的同位素移动。     

Atomic homodyne detection of weak atomic transitions

We have developed a two-color, two-pathway coherent control technique to detect and measure weak optical transitions in atoms by coherently beating the transition amplitude for the weak transition with that of a much stronger transition. We demonstrate the technique in atomic cesium, exciting the 6s(2)S(1/2) --> 8s(2)S(1/2) transition via a strong two-photon transition and a weak controllable Stark-induced transition. We discuss the enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio for this measurement technique over that of direct detection of the weak transition rate, and project future refinements that may further improve its sensitivity and application to the measurement of other weak atomic interactions.     

HoP5O14非晶的上转换荧光现象

本文首次报导使用脉冲DCM染料激光激发,在室温下观察到的HoP5O14非晶的上转换荧光现象,发现蓝移的发射可归结为激发离子对之间的相互作用,本文还对其上转换通道进行了分析。