Dynamics of critical Kauffman networks under asynchronous stochastic update

We show that the mean number of attractors in a critical Boolean network under asynchronous stochastic update grows like a power law and that the mean size of the attractors increases as a stretched exponential with the system size. This is in strong contrast to the synchronous case, where the number of attractors grows faster than any power law.     

Number and length of attractors in a critical Kauffman model with connectivity one

The Kauffman model describes a system of randomly connected nodes with dynamics based on Boolean update functions. Though it is a simple model, it exhibits very complex behavior for "critical" parameter values at the boundary between a frozen and a disordered phase, and is therefore used for studies of real network problems. We prove here that the mean number and mean length of attractors in critical random Boolean networks with connectivity one both increase faster than any power law with network size. We derive these results by generating the networks through a growth process and by calculating lower bounds.     

System size effect on the critical behavior in nuclear multifragmentation

Attempt has been made to examine the role of system size on the traditional signatures of critical behavior from a comparative study of Mg-Em at 4.5 A GeV and Kr-Em at 0.95 A GeV interactions. A number of relevant observables such as fluctuation in the sizes of the largest cluster, reduced variance and the mean value of second moment of charge distribution were estimated with the experimental data. From a comparison of our results with that of EOS collaboration for Au, La and Kr on carbon at 1 A GeV, a definite systematic variation in the heights and positions of the peaks could be observed with the change of fragmenting nuclei thereby confirming the effect of system size on MF mechanism.     

Finite width effect on the upper critical field Hc2 of superconducting networks

A recent prediction for the continuum limit of the upper critical field of infinite superconducting networks H_c2(T)= dH^(bulk)_c2 (d=spatial dimension of the network) is checked experimentally. A direct comparison of the measured critical fields on both samples: film and infinite 2D regular networks, made of the same material, support strongly this theoretical prediction. The deviation of the proportionality coefficient from d=2 is attributed to the finite width of wires. Wires of finite width are shown to be responsible for a renormalization of the diffusion coefficient of Cooper pairs. The expression so obtained for H_c2 as a function of the filling factor is consistent with the measured value.     

The effect of random anisotropy on critical behavior: Search for hysteresis and rounding inFeV using the Mössbauer effect

In the context of recent theoretical work on random anisotropy in Heisenberg-like spin systems, we have searched for possible firstorder effects at the ferromagnetic transition in polycrystalline Fe_1–xV_x, 0FeV may have critical exponents that differ from those of pure Fe.     

The effect of adaptive behavior on risk propagation in industrial symbiosis networks

The complex symbiotic relationship in the industrial symbiosis network (ISN) may cause new risks for firms. In view of this problem, previous studies mainly regard the ISN as a static system, without considering the adaptive behavior of firms. This paper establishes a risk propagation model of the ISN based on the change of firm state, proposes four kinds of reconnection strategies to model the adaptive behavior, and uses numerical simulation to investigate the effect of adaptive behavior on risk propagation. The results demonstrate that all the reconnection strategies play an inhibitory role in the risk propagation. Therein, the effectiveness of PP strategy is the best, followed by RR strategy, and DP (SP) strategy. In any case, the effect of reconnection strategies on risk propagation will improve with the increase of the disconnection probability and network resilience. Additionally, the more decentralized weight distribution will weaken the inhibition of adaptive behavior on risk propagation.     

Microcontact printing of BMP-2 and its effect on human chondrocytes behavior

The present study is to investigate human chondrocytes behavior on microcontact printed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) lines on polystyrene (PS) surface. It was found that the cells aligned with BMP lines and expressed type II and VI collagen. The chondrocytes in vitro cultured on BMP lines were elongated, which resulted in altered cell morphology. Taking all these results into consideration, BMP-2 lines enhance cell adhesion, restrict spreading, and increase type II and VI collagen expression. The results represented in this study may be an approach to the problem of engineering reparative cartilage in vitro.     

Self-organization of a critical state on complex networks

The critical dynamics of a two-threshold system with the law of conservation of the basic quantity z and in the absence of sink on a scale-free network has been studied. It has been shown that the critical state that is a set of metastable states appears in such a system. The structure of the metastable states is a set of stable clusters of nodes at which the z values are close to the positive and negative threshold values. Avalanches transforming the system from one metastable state to another state appear in the system. The absence of sink is effectively replaced by the annihilation process. The statistics of avalanches in such a system has been analyzed. It has been shown that the self-organized critical state can appear in the system.     

Hydrogen absorption and its effect on structure and magnetic behavior of GdNi2

The compound GdNi₂ having the cubic Laves phase structure absorbs hydrogen to from GdNi₂H₄. The x-ray diffraction pattern indicates that there is no long-range atomic ordering in the hydride. Magnetization studies have been carried out on GdNi₂H₄ and the results are compared with those on crystalline and amorphous GdNi₂. The Curie temperature of GdNi₂H₄ is only 8 K, much smaller than 38 K for amorphous GdNi₂ and 81 K for cyrstalline GdNi₂.     

Hydrogen absorption and its effect on structure and magnetic behavior of GdNi2

The compound GdNi₂ having the cubic Laves phase structure absorbs hydrogen to form GdNi₂H₄. The x-ray diffraction pattern indicates that there is no long-range atomic ordering in the hydride. Magnetization studies have been carried out on GdNi₂H₄ and the results are compared with those on crystalline and amorphous GdNi₂. The Curie temperature of GdNi₂H₄ is only 8 K, much smaller than 38 K for amorphous GdNi₂ and 81 K for cyrstalline GdNi₂.     

Probing the quantum critical behavior of CeCoIn5 via Hall effect measurements

We present highly sensitive Hall effect measurements of the heavy fermion compound CeCoIn5 down to temperatures of 55 mK. A pronounced dip in the differential Hall coefficient | partial differential rho(xy)/ partial differential H| at low temperature and above the upper critical field of superconductivity, H(c2), is attributed to critical spin fluctuations associated with the departure from Landau Fermi liquid behavior. This identification is strongly supported by a systematic suppression of this feature at elevated pressures. The resulting crossover line in the field-temperature phase diagram favors a field induced quantum critical point at mu(0)H(qc) approximately 4.1 T below H(c2)(T=0) suggesting related, yet separate, critical fields.     

Conformal invariance and surface critical behavior

Conformal invariance constrains the form of correlation functions near a free surface. In two dimensions, for a wide class of models, it completely determines the correlation functions at the critical point, and yields the exact values of the surface critical exponents. They are related to the bulk exponents in a non-trivial way. For the Q-state Potts model (0 Q 4) we find η_<|; = 2/(3v − 1), and for the O(N) model (−2 N 2), η_<|; = (2v − 1)/(4v − 1).     

Coulomb gap,its critical behavior,and the metal-insulator transition in doped semiconductors

To measure a density of localized states in the vicinity of the Fermi level variable range hopping spectroscopy procedure has been established. As a result the parabolic Coulomb gap has been discovered on a set of the series of doped and compensated semiconductors. The gap has a single- or multielectron origin for the case of strong localization when a compensation degree is close to unity or moderate correspondingly. All the gaps turned out to be collapsing in the critical point for the metal-insulator transition. One can consider the transition as Coulomb gap collapsing phenomenon in a frame of the scaling theory describing it as a second order phase transition. The critical indices for a localization radius and for a metallic conductivity are nearly equal to unity.     

Effects of magnetoelastic coupling: critical behavior and structure deformation

We study a 3D crystal where each atom interacts with neighbors via elastic and magnetic interactions by Monte Carlo simulation. The distance dependence of both interactions is supposed to be the Lennard–Jones potential and the spins are of the Ising type. When the magnetic interaction strength is much smaller than the elastic one, the magnetic transition remains in the 3D Ising criticality. With larger magnetic interaction, the critical exponents get very close to those of the 3D XY universality and not far from Fisher renormalized Ising exponents. For strong magnetic interaction, we show that as the temperature increases the crystal is broken into ferromagnetic domains separated by domain walls consisting of contracted antiferromagnetic spin pairs.     

Deep reduction behavior of iron oxide and its effect on direct CO oxidation

Reduction of metal oxide oxygen carrier has been attractive for direct CO oxidation and CO₂ separation. To investigate the reduction behaviors of iron oxide prepared by supporting Fe₂O₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ and its effect on CO oxidation, fluidized-bed combustion experiments, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out. Gas yield (γCO₂) increases significantly with the increase of temperature from 693 K to 1203 K, while carbon deposition decreases with the increase of temperature from 743 K to 1203 K, where temperature is a very important factor for CO oxidation by iron oxide. Further, it were quantitatively detected that the interaction between CO and Fe₂O₃, breakage of O-Fe bonds and formation of new C-O bonds, and effect of reduction degree were quantitatively detected. Based on adsorptions under different temperatures and reducing processes from Fe³⁺ into Fe²⁺, Fe⁺ and then into Fe, it was found that Fe²⁺ → Fe⁺ was the reaction-controlling step and the high oxidation state of iron is active for CO oxidation, where efficient partial reduction of Fe₂O₃ into FeO rather than complete reduction into iron may be more energy-saving for CO oxidation.     

The effect of topology on organization of synchronous behavior in dynamical networks with adaptive couplings

We study the influence of the initial topology of connections on the organization of synchronous behavior in networks of phase oscillators with adaptive couplings. We found that networks with a random sparse structure of connections predominantly demonstrate the scenario as a result of which chimera states are formed. The formation of chimera states retains the features of the hierarchical organization observed in networks with global connections [D.V. Kasatkin, S. Yanchuk, E. Schöll, V.I. Nekorkin, Phys. Rev. E 96, 062211 (2017)], and also demonstrates a number of new properties due to the presence of a random structure of network topology. In this case, the formation of coherent groups takes a much longer time interval, and the sets of elements that form these groups can be significantly rearranged during the evolution of the network. We also found chimera states, in which along with the coherent and incoherent groups, there are subsets, whose different elements can be synchronized with each other for sufficiently long periods of time.     

Scaling in ordered and critical random boolean networks

Random Boolean networks, originally invented as models of genetic regulatory networks, are simple models for a broad class of complex systems that show rich dynamical structures. From a biological perspective, the most interesting networks lie at or near a critical point in parameter space that divides "ordered" from "chaotic" attractor dynamics. We study the scaling of the average number of dynamically relevant nodes and the median number of distinct attractors in such networks. Our calculations indicate that the correct asymptotic scalings emerge only for very large systems.