Stability of two-phase gas-solid particle flow in a boundary layer

The stability of a boundary layer above a flat plate with a pressure gradient in the case when a gas flow carries suspended particles of an admixture is considered on the basis of the equations for the aeromechanics of heterogeneous media [1, 2]. The investigation is carried out in the framework of the same assumptions as in [3], where the stability of Poiseuille flow in a channel was studied. The velocity profile of the unperturbed flow is selected from the Falkner-Skan family. The Chebyshev spectral element method is used for the calculations.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 60–64, March–April, 1987.     

气固两相流介尺度LBM-DEM模型

LBM-DEM耦合方法通常是指一种颗粒流体系统直接数值模拟算法,即是一种不引入经验曳力模型的计算方法,颗粒尺寸通常比计算网格的长度大一个量级,颗粒的受力通过表面的粘性力与压力积分获得,其优点是能描述每个颗粒周围的详细流场,产生详细的颗粒-流体相互作用的动力学信息,可以探索颗粒流体界面的流动、传递和反应的详细信息及两相相互作用的本构关系,但其缺点是计算量巨大,无法应用于真实流化床过程模拟。本文针对气固流化床中的流体以及固体颗粒间的多相流体力学行为,建立了一种稠密气固两相流的介尺度LBMDEM模型,即LBM-DEM耦合的离散颗粒模型,实现在颗粒尺度上流化床的快速离散模拟。该耦合模型采用格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)描述气相的流动和传递行为,离散单元法(DEM)用于描述颗粒相的运动,并利用能量最小多尺度(EMMS)曳力解决气固耦合不成熟问题,以提高其模拟精度。通过经典快速流态化的模拟,验证了介尺度LBM-DEM耦合模型的有效性。模拟结果表明介尺度LBM-DEM模型是一种探索实验室规模气固系统的有力手段。     

Hydrodynamic and thermal fields analysis in gas-solid two-phase flow

The present work aims to investigate numerically the flowfield and heat transfer process in gas-solid suspension in a vertical pneumatic conveying pipe. The Eulerian-Lagrangian model is used to simulate the flow of the two-phases. The gas phase is simulated based on Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) with low Reynolds number k-ε model, while particle tracking procedure is used for the solid phase. An anisotropic model is used to calculate the Reynolds stresses and the turbulent Prandtl number is calculated as a function of the turbulent viscosity. The model takes into account the lift and drag forces and the effect of particle rotation as well as the particles dispersion by turbulence effect. The effects of inter-particles collisions and turbulence modulation by the solid particles, i.e. four-way coupling, are also included in the model. Comparisons between different models for turbulence modulation with experimental data are carried out to select the best model. The model is validated against published experimental data for velocities of the two phases, turbulence intensity, solids concentration, pressure drop, heat transfer rates and Nusselt number distribution. The comparisons indicate that the present model is able to predict the complex interaction between the two phases in non-isothermal gas-solid flow in the tested range. The results indicate that the particle-particle collision, turbulence dispersion and lift force play a key role in the concentration distribution. In addition, the heat transfer rate increases as the mass loading ratio increases and Nusselt number increases as the pipe diameter increases.     

An analytic solution of dense two-phase flow in a vertical pipeline

According to a mathematical model for dense two-phase flows presented in theprevious paper,a dense two-phase flow in a vertical pipeline is analytically solved,and theanalytic expressions of velocity of each continuous phase and dispersed phase arerespectively derived The results show that when the drag force between two phases dependslinearly on their relative velocity,the relative velocity profile in the pipeline coincides withDarcy’s law except for the thin layer region near the pipeline wall,and that the theoreticalassumptions in the dense two-phase flow theory mentioned are reasonable.     

On the hyperbolicity of one-dimensional models for transient two-phase flow in a pipeline

Characteristic properties of one-dimensionalmodels of transient gas-liquid two-phase flows in long pipelines are investigated. The methods for studying the hyperbolicity of the systems of equations of multi-fluid and drift-fluxmodels are developed. On the basis of analytical and numerical studies, the limits of the hyperbolicity domains in the space of governing dimensionless parameters are found, and the impact of the closure relations on the characteristic properties of the models is analyzed. The methods of ensuring the global unconditional hyperbolicity are proposed. Explicit formulas for the eigenvelocities of the system of the drift-flux model equations are obtained and the conclusions about their sign-definiteness are drawn.     

基于五阶WENO格式的燃气在药床中流动过程二维两相流研究

为研究内弹道初始阶段中心点火管燃气在膛内药床中的流动特性和传播规律,设计了可视化点传火实验平台,并进行了膛内假药床的点传火实验。基于加权本质无震荡(weighted essentially non-oscillatory, WENO)格式,构造了膛内轴对称二维内弹道两相流模型,对膛内燃气在假药床中的流动过程进行数值模拟。计算结果与可视化实验结果符合较好,全局压力平均误差为5.35%。表明数值计算准确地描述了燃气流动特性,完整地呈现了点火管燃气在假药床中的发展过程。在点火初始阶段,膛内压力径向效应明显,气相沿径向传播较快,药床药粒基本不会发生运动;随着燃气逐渐在膛内传播,膛内压力呈现径向一致、轴向梯度分布的特征,在压力梯度作用下,气相轴向速度开始占据主导,径向速度在膛底和中部区域减小为零,而固相速度随气相速度变化而变化;气相在到达弹底前,由于固相颗粒的壅塞,会提前出现速度反向波动现象。     

Statistical characteristics of two-phase gas-liquid flow in a vertical microchannel

This paper presents an experimental study of the structure of an upward gas-liquid flow in a vertical microchannel with a cross-sectional dimension of 0.67 × 2.00 mm and a length of 0.5 m. The tests were performed in the ranges of reduced rates of nitrogen 0.04–11.00 m/sec and water 0.07–0.41 m/sec. Using the method of two-beam laser scanning, we identified the main flow regimes (slug-bubble, slug, transient, emulsion, and annular) and determined the statistical characteristics of the two-phase flow. A map of flow regimes was constructed, the dependence of slug velocity on the reduced mixture velocity was obtained, and the friction factor for an upward gas-liquid flow in a microchannel was measured.     

Transients in a two-phase medium flowing in a pipeline

The paper examines a water hammer in an elastic pipeline through which a liquid containing solid particles flows. The effect of the particle phase on the pressure jump in the liquid-particle mixture is studied. S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 35, No. 10, pp. 80–86, October, 1999.     

Air-lift pumps characteristics under two-phase flow conditions

Air-lift pumps are finding increasing use where pump reliability and low maintenance are required, where corrosive, abrasive, or radioactive fluids in nuclear applications must be handled and when a compressed air is readily available as a source of a renewable energy for water pumping applications. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the performance of a pump under predetermined operating conditions and to optimize the related parameters. For this purpose, an air-lift pump was designed and tested. Experiments were performed for nine submergence ratios, and three risers of different lengths with different air injection pressures. Moreover, the pump was tested under different two-phase flow patterns. A theoretical model is proposed in this study taking into account the flow patterns at the best efficiency range where the pump is operated. The present results showed that the pump capacity and efficiency are functions of the air mass flow rate, submergence ratio, and riser pipe length. The best efficiency range of the air-lift pumps operation was found to be in the slug and slug-churn flow regimes. The proposed model has been compared with experimental data and the most cited models available. The proposed model is in good agreement with experimental results and found to predict the liquid volumetric flux for different flow patterns including bubbly, slug and churn flow patterns.     

Investigation of slug flow characteristics in the valley of a hilly-terrain pipeline

The objective of this study is to improve the current phenomenological understanding of slug flow characteristics over an entire hilly-terrain section, and in particular, the slug initiation mechanism at the lower dip.The experimental part of this study revealed that five possible flow behavior categories exist along a hilly-terrain section. In these categories, the flow behavior at the dip is coupled with flow conditions of the upstream downhill section. This qualitative classification was superimposed on steady-state flow pattern maps for the upstream downhill section in an attempt to relate the qualitative flow behavior at a dip to the flow pattern maps through the flow behavior in the downhill section.Statistical analyses of mean slug length, maximum slug length, slug frequency, and slug length variation across the hilly-terrain pipeline revealed that slug length distribution characteristics change across a symmetrical hilly-terrain pipeline. Physical modeling of the slug initiation mechanism and the characteristics of initiated slugs at the lower dip indicated two main mechanisms, namely, wave growth and wave coalescence initiation mechanisms. The initiated “pseudo slugs” or slug characteristics of each mechanism differ significantly with respect to frequency, length, liquid holdup and velocity. It was observed that pseudo slugs initiated by the wave coalescence mechanism have velocities less than the mixture velocity due to gas blowing through the slug body.     

Fluctuation characteristics of two-phase flow splitting at a vertical impacting T-junction

In order to investigate the fluctuation characteristics of two-phase flow splitting at a T-junction, particular attention was paid on Churn flow which had the strongest fluctuation comparing with bubble flow and annular flow. The main tube of the T-junction was vertical and the two branches were horizontal. All three pipes connecting to the junction were of 15 mm inner diameter. A statistical analysis based on Root Mean Square (RMS) was applied to temporal differential pressure signals and gas flow rate signals. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) was also employed to reveal their peculiar features in frequency domain as well. The effects of the extraction flow ratio and the gas and liquid superficial velocity upstream on fluctuation characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow splitting at the T-junction were investigated in detail. It is found that there is a wide fluctuation in both differential pressure and gas flow rate downstream at every extraction ratio (W₃/W₁) and the fluctuation intensity increases as W₃/W₁ increasing. It is also made clear that increasing either water superficial velocity or gas superficial velocity in inlet causes fluctuation to become more intensive.     

Wave pattern characteristics of a two-phase nozzle flow by shock propagation

In this paper, the wave pattern characteristics of shock-induced two-phase nozzle flows with the quiescent or moving dusty gas ahead of the incident-shock front has been investigated by using high-resolution numerical method. As compared with the corresponding results in single-phase nozzle flows of the pure gas, obvious differences between these two kinds of flows can be obtained. Received 14 June 1996 / Accepted 19 October 1996     

Estimation of solid concentration in solid-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal pipeline using inverse-problem approach

In this study,an inverse-problem method was applied to estimate the solid concentration in a solid-liquid two-phase flow.An algebraic slip mixture model was int...     

Effect of humidity on the flow characteristics of a two-phase medium in a diffuser

The effect of the initial humidity of a two-phase flow on the aerodynamic characteristics of a diffuser is considered. A series of calculations is carried out which permit the pressure distribution in the diffuser to be investigated in the case of change of the initial flow velocity, coefficient of slip of the phases, and the initial humidity of the flow. It is shown that, with increase of the initial humidity in the diffuser, there appears a sharply expressed region which has a negative pressure gradient, where the steam velocity can reach the critical value. The numerical solution is compared with the experimental results.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 44–49, November–December, 1973.     

Laser velocimetry measurements in a horizontal gas-solid pipe flow

This paper presents laser measurements of particle velocities in a horizontal turbulent two-phase pipe flow. A phase Doppler particle analyzer, (PDPA), was used to obtain particle size, velocity, and rms values of velocity fluctuations. The particulate phase consisted of glass spheres 50 m in diameter with the volume fraction of the suspension in the range _p=10^-4 to _p=10^-3. The results show that the turbulence increases with particle loading.List of symbols a particle diameter - C _va velocity diameter cross-correlation - d pipe diameter - Fr ² Froude number - g gravitational constant - p(a) Probability density of the particle diameter - Re pipe Reynolds number based on the friction velocity - T characteristic time scale of the energy containing eddies - T _L integral scale of the turbulence sampled along the particle path - u, U, u characteristic fluid velocities: fluctuating, mean and friction - v characteristic velocity of the paricle fluctuations - f expected value of any random variable f - f¦g expected value of f given a value of the random variable g - _p particle volume fraction - _p particle response time - absolute fluid viscosity - v kinematic fluid viscosity - _p, _f densities, particle and fluid - _a ² particle diameter variance - _va ² velocity variance due to the particle diameter variance - _vT ² total particle velocity variance - _vt ² particle velocity variance due to the response to the turbulent field     

Separated two-phase flow in a nozzle

This work was performed to extend and further test the method of handling separated two-phase flow by studying each phase separately and, particularly, by placing emphasis on the study of the gas phase with interface transport expressions showing the influence of the liquid phase on it. A one-dimensional flow model for accelerating flows was used in conjunction with experimental data to obtain the pressure distribution and velocity distribution in a converging nozzle for several values of flow quality and nozzle inlet stagnation pressure. The results tend to support the use of the model (which includes the assumption that the gas is in critical flow when the two-phase mixture is in critical flow) and give some insight regarding the nature of the liquid distribution near the nozzle throat.     

Influence of a sudden expansion on slug flow characteristics in a horizontal two-phase flow: a pressure drop fluctuations analysis

Experimental investigations were conducted to study the evolution of air/water slug flow characteristics through a horizontal sudden expansion having a ratio of \(\sigma_{A}\)?=?0.444. A series of acquisition of differential pressure upstream and downstream were carried out leading to statistical as well as spectral analyses. The influences of both liquid and gas superficial velocities on flow behavior as well as standard deviation were studied. Substantial modifications of two-phase flow distribution were reported downstream the singularity with a quantitative reduction in standard deviation. Besides the fact that the slug flow regime didn’t persist downstream the singularity for low values of superficial phasic-velocities, the latter (\(J_{\ell }\) and \(J_{g}\)) seem to have no noticeable effects downstream the expansion. Reduction of slug frequency between upstream and downstream the singularity was also observed.     

Drag of a cylinder in a two-phase flow

The paper reports an experimenta! investigation of the drag of a circular cylinder in the transverse flow of a gas suspension. The drag of a cylinder in an airflow has been fairly well studied [1, 2], It has been shown experimentally [3] that the presence of small numbers of solid particles in a gas flow can significantly change the aerodynamic properties of the body. A cylinder was chosen for the present study because it is a classical body, and the results obtained in investigations of it can, in a certain sense, be extrapolated to other bodies, for example, airfoils.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 123–129, January–February, 1992.     

Experimental study on the two-phase flow pattern and transformation characteristics of a flow mixing nozzle under a moderate flow rate

Meccanica - A flow mixing nozzle can produce satisfactory atomization for heavy oil. However, the study of the internal flow pattern of this nozzle, along with the spray morphology and its...