脉冲放电等离子体对La2O3催化剂组成的影响

 选用稀土La2O3催化剂对CO进行了催化还原脱硫反应. 考察了在脉冲放电等离子体协同催化作用下,催化剂组成随反应温度和放电电压的变化规律以及其与常规催化作用下的不同之处. 结果表明,反应温度较低(＜377 ℃)时,脉冲放电等离子体对催化剂组成的影响作用明显; 反应温度较高(＞377 ℃)时,脉冲放电等离子体仅影响催化剂各组分的含量. LaOOH的生成是La2O3催化剂活性组分生成的关键步骤,并受温度的影响较大; 存在一最佳放电电压效应.     

低温等离子体结合乙醇胺船舶尾气脱硫脱硝研究

采用自行设计的介质阻挡耦合电晕放电等离子体反应装置进行了模拟船舶尾气同时脱硫脱硝的研究.分别考察了尾气中各气体组分及乙醇胺用量、放电电流和气体流量等因素对NOx和SO2脱除的影响,探究了放电脱除NOx的机理.结果表明,在模拟船舶尾气(N2/O2/SO2/NOx/CO2/H2O)中,保持放电电流为1.67 A和气体总流量...     

流光放电等离子体液相氧化亚硫酸铵

在氨-硫铵法烟气脱硫中, 一个关键环节是将副产物的四价硫S(IV)氧化为六价硫S(VI). 采用可规模化的流光放电液相氧化技术, 通过交直流叠加(AC/DC)电源, 激发气体放电产生等离子体对氨法脱硫高浓度的亚硫酸铵进行氧化. 实验测量了该氧化过程与溶液浓度、放电功率密度、溶液pH值、温度以及传质效率因子等各种参数的关系. 研究表明, 在亚硫酸铵摩尔浓度为3 mol·L-1时, 可以获得有实用价值的反应速率, 摩尔能耗减低到50 Wh·mol-1以下, 显示出很好的应用前景.     

高频介质阻挡放电烟气脱硫研究

采用高频介质阻挡放电的方式产生低温等离子体,研究在不加入NH₃的情况下流动态SO₂的去除情况.实验表明,在输入电压为12 kV,SO₂浓度为5400 mg/m³,气体流量为0.36 m³/h,相对湿度为55%时,脱硫率可达到70%以上;水气的存在对SO₂的去除有较大的促进作用,升高电压和增加O₂量对脱硫率的促进作用有限.对实验结果进行了解释,并提出了反应机理.     

(SO_2,N_2)气体中脉冲放电SO发射光谱测量实验研究

采用ＳＯ２、Ｎ２混合气体和纳秒级脉冲电源在常温、常压下测量了ＳＯ２产生的碎片ＳＯ（Ａ→Ｘ）发射光谱,从微观上研究了ＳＯ２的去除过程,为脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫的深入研究提供了实验依据．     

吸附-微生物脱硫原位耦合工艺的吸附剂选择

吸附-生物原位耦合脱硫工艺是耦合了吸附脱硫的速率快和生物脱硫的选择性高的优点的新型油品脱硫工艺. 该耦合工艺通过在脱硫微生物表面组装脱硫吸附剂来实现. 比较了常用脱硫吸附剂γ-Al₂O₃、Na-Y分子筛和活性炭在与德氏假单胞杆菌R-8进行吸附-微生物催化原位耦合脱硫工艺中的应用效果. 其中, Na-Y分子筛抑制细胞的脱硫活性, 活性炭吸附了底物二苯并噻吩(DBT)之后难以解吸, 因此, 二者均不适用于耦合脱硫工艺. γ-Al₂O₃由于能够快速地从油相中吸附DBT, 然后将DBT解吸下来传递给R-8细菌进行生物降解, 加快了DBT的传质速率, 从而有效地提高了脱硫速率. 研究还发现纳米结构的γ-Al₂O₃与R-8耦合脱硫的效果优于普通尺寸的γ-Al₂O₃, 所以认为纳米γ-Al₂O₃是原位耦合脱硫较好的吸附剂选择.     

空气中电晕放电高能电子密度沿反应器分布的光谱研究(英)

利用目前在等离子体特性诊断方面较为先进实用的发射光谱法,在常温常压下测量了正脉冲电晕放电空气中的Ｎ２（Ｃ３ Πｕ →Ｂ３ Πｇ） 发射光谱相对强度沿线－ 筒式反应器的径向分布,由此得到了正脉冲电晕放电等离子体中高能电子（ ≥１１ ．０３ｅＶ） 的电子密度沿线－ 筒式反应器的径向分布．随径向距离增大高能电子密度呈非线性递减,对于不同放电电压这种递减规律相同．     

柴油等离子体催化氧化-离子液体萃取脱硫的实验研究

随着环境法的日益完善,柴油的低硫化成了亟待解决的问题。本文采用浸渍法制备了Cu2+负载型酸化改性Al2O3型催化剂,对市售0#柴油进行了等离子体催化氧化脱硫实验研究,后又用自制的新型离子液体(BMIMDBP)对氧化脱硫后的柴油进行萃取脱硫。实验结果表明:在使用板-板式石英反应器,催化剂质量分数为w(catalyst)=5%,空气流速为200 mL/min,放电时间为15min,离子液体与柴油的体积比为1∶1和萃取5次的条件下,脱硫率可以达到52.1%。本方法的实施为柴油脱硫开辟了一条新的途径。     

应用需盐脱硫弧菌的微生物燃料电池发电研究

本文提出了基于需盐脱硫弧菌以含乳酸盐的海水培养基为电解液的微生物燃料电池.微生物接种后电池即开始放电,在20天中,培养基COD降低了61.7%,其中有9.81%转化为电能.     

柴油脱硫的机理研究以及反应中的溶剂效应

柴油的脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫。在非加氢脱硫的研究中,氧化脱硫技术具有反应条件温和、不使用昂贵的氢气、投资和操作费用低等优点日益受到重视。文章介绍了柴油的脱硫技术的机理方面的研究进展。其中包括加氢脱硫的反应网络;以及氧化脱硫研究中,光化学氧化体系和有机过氧化物氧化体系中DBT的氧化机理。在不同的反应体系中,溶剂对含硫化合物的脱除也有很大的影响.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.