KT—5C边缘等离子体湍流性质的实验研究

利用四探针方法系统地研究了ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克边缘等离子体的湍流性质。实验结果指出，在限制器内０．５ｃｍ处，有一自然产生的径向电场剪切层，由Ｅｒ×Ｂ引起的等离子体整体的极向旋转在剪切层外沿着离子逆磁漂移方向，而在剪切层内则是沿着电子逆漂移方向的。     

KT—5C托卡马克离子伯恩斯坦波功率发射系统

本文概述了在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上研究非线性离子伯恩斯坦波用的新型射频波功率发射系统，给出了工作频率选择和稳定、射频功率的传输调节、脉冲响应、耦合网络及其阻抗变换、移动式天线等实验结果，还给出了测量天线真空负载阻抗的一种简便方法，讨论了有关结果。     

KT－5C托卡马克离子伯恩斯坦波功率发射系统

本文概述了在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上研究非线性离子伯恩斯坦波用的新型射频波功率发射系统，给出了工作频率选择和稳定、射频功率的传输调节、脉冲响应、耦合网络及其阻抗变换、移动式天线等实验结果，还给出了测量天线真空负载阻抗的一种简便方法，讨论了有关结果。     

KT—5C托卡马克射频波加热实验用回路天线的负载阻抗测量

针对ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克装置等离子体的射频离子回旋波加热实验，本文给出一种回路天线负载阻抗的简便测量方法和测量结果。该方法的特点是，只涉及射频电流相对比值的测量，不要求专用设备，因此使物理量的标定、数据记录和处理都变得简单易行。     

KT—TC托卡马克上不同限制器偏压下等离子体p约束改善的实验研究

在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上，采用多块组合的可偏压限制器控制等离子体边缘电场，进行了改善等离子体的边缘参数及其机制的研究。实验显示，限制器的正、负偏压都能改变等离子体电位，但正偏压更胶儿，能有效地建立边缘电场，进而抑制边缘扰动改善等离子体约束。利用可移动静电探针，测得正偏压期间边缘电子温度Ｔｅ（ｒ）、电子密度ｎｅ（ｒ）、空间电位Ｖｐ（ｒ）分布变陡，与计算得到的边缘粒子通量Г（ａ０）减少，整体粒子约束时间     

中国科技大学KT—5C托卡马克的实验运行

本文简述中国科技大学ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克装置实验运行的主要特点－无需专职操作作人员，有背景音响程序指示，使用悬浮传输隔离器，具有抗干扰和误操作保护等。     

用静电探针反馈控制KT—5C托卡马克边缘湍流

在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上，利用两组边缘静电探针分析作为控制探针和探测探针进行了反馈控制边缘湍流的实验，在适当的回路增益下的，当系统相移为９０°时，反馈使湍动幅度明显地抑制，电子密度和电子温度扰劝均降低了约２５％，横向粒子输运通量也相应地降低了２５％，而相移为０°，１８０°和－９０°的反馈却使湍动幅度增强，这显示反馈是基于一种非线性机制而作用于湍动的，在一定意义上，这正体现了湍流本身的非线性特征。     

用偏压限制器控制KT－5C托卡马克等离子体边缘电场的实验研究

在托卡马克ＫＴ－５Ｃ上，我们首次采用可灵活组合的多块限制器进行了施加偏压以控制等离子体边缘电场的实验，结果表明，在本装置上限制器加正偏压优于加负偏压，正偏压改变等离子体边缘电场效果更明显。偏压限制器收集面积、纵场和偏置电压的大小对偏压效果的影响都是敏感的。改变限制器收集面积和偏压导致的边缘电场的变化最终将趋于饱和，另外发现，偏压限制器与等离子体柱的相对位置对等离子体边缘电场的影响也是重要的。     

中国科技大学KT－5C托卡马克的实验运行

本文简述中国科技大学ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克装置实验运行的主要特点──无需专职操作人员，有背景音响程序指示，使用悬浮传输隔离器，具有抗干扰和误操作保护等。     

托卡马克等离子体边缘梯度和杂质辐射驱动的湍流理论

本文考虑了托卡马克等离子体边缘的物理性质，由电子连续性方程和离子动量平衡方程导出了电子密度演变方程。分析了各种驱动源在线性和非线性发展过程中的作用。电子密度梯度直接影响密度涨落，并通过杂质辐射与温度涨落相互耦合，进而影响静电势涨落。理论结果能够分别与高、低密度装置上的实验较好地相符合。     

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在一次稳定放电过程中利用快速扫描气动探针系统得到电子温度、密度、等离子体电位、极向电场以及它们的涨落、粒子通量、能量通量在径向的分布。研究了HL-2A装置边缘的静电涨落及其输运。实验结果指出,在等离子体边缘涨落量不服从玻耳兹曼关系,存在由于等离子体空间电位的梯度所产生的径向电场剪切层。分析了涨落对边缘约束的影响。     

Study of density and potential fluctuations in the TEXT tokamakwith a heavy ion beam probe

A heavy ion beam probe was used to study the characteristics of density and potential fluctuations in the TEXT tokamak. Fluctuations of density and space potential are nearly Boltzmann like, n˜/n~φ˜/kT_e, near the edge of the plasma (0.80.9). The turbulent E&oarr;×B&oarr; radial particle flux is sufficient to account for all of the particle loss from the tokamak. No poloidal asymmetries, within a poloidal angle range of about 70°, are observed in the fluctuation levels. The fluctuation spectral shape, the density potential phase angle, and the fluctuation propagation speed show a strong radial dependence     

Transport in the plasma edge of a tokamak with high MHD activity

Summary Electrostatic turbulence and various aspects of magnetic fluctuations have been investigated, in the edge region of the TBR-1 tokamak, by using a set of Langmuir and magnetic probes, and a triple probe. Measurements of plasma parameters such as plasma potential, density, temperature and magnetic field were taken in order to elucidate, the effect on transport of the electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations in the edge. The fluctuations levels are found to be higher than in most tokamaks. The particle flux is outward and slightly higher than that calculated from Bohm diffusion, and occurs in the frequency region typical of the macroscopic MHD oscillations. The Mirnov-oscillation frequencies in TBR-1 are higher than those observed in other tokamaks and, consequently, there is an uncommon superposition between the Mirnov and turbulent density fluctuations spectra. This fact and the presence of high MHD activity may contribute to elucidate the possible influence of the magnetic oscillations on the electrostatic transport observed in the plasma edge. Work partially supported by FAPESP and CNPq.     

KT-5B托卡马克装置上离子伯恩斯坦波激发条件的实验研究

本文介绍了在KT-5B托卡马克装置上,线性离子伯恩斯坦波的激发与边缘离子密度涨落、托卡马克放电参数以及发射天线位置之间关系的实验研究结果。实验表明,边缘离子密度涨落过大,将使离子伯恩斯坦波激发变得困难;正常的托卡马克运行的放电参数范围与有效激发离子伯恩斯坦波的参数范围一致;对纵环电流天线,可能存在静电模转换激发和直接激发这两种离子伯恩斯坦波激发方式共存的情况。 关键词：     

Electrostatic Probes for Studying Transport Properties in Tokamak Plasmas

Electrostatic probes for measuring the boundary plasma in tokamaks are reviewed and presented. Transport properties in JFT‐2, the ion temperature and the magnetic surface in JFT‐2M and floating potential fluctuations during the strong additional heating in JT‐60 are measured by several types of electrostatic probe the above‐mentioned purposes. The Langmuir probe including the double probe is applied to measure the spatial profile of boundary plasma in JFT‐2. The ion sensitive probe, the rotating cylindrical double probe, the asymmetric double probe and the differential double probe are applied to measure the ion temperature and magnetic surface in JFT‐2M. The reciprocating Langmuir probe applied to JFT‐2M observes the potential and density fluctuations and a new type probe is proposed for the quick diagnostic of core hot plasmas as a development of this probe. The fluctuation observed in JT‐60 is identified to be the ion cyclotron instability of the hot plasma caused by the strong anisotropy of the ion distribution function (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Edge Particle Flux with Temperature Fluctuation in the HL-2A Tokamak

Electron temperature, density, plasma potential and their fluctuation profiles at edge plasmas are measured simultaneously with a reciprocating probe system in HL-2A. The analysis results of four-tip data indicate that the temperature fluctuation has relative amplitude of 10-15%, gives more contribution to particle flux in lower （0- 25 kHz） and higher frequency （50-250 kHz） ranges. The coherence between temperature fluctuations and density or potential fluctuations implies that their coupling will impact anomalous transport. The measured diffusion coefficient is about three times of the Bohm diffusion coefficient when considering the temperature fluctuation. The particle flux with temperature fluctuation is discussed in HL-2A for the first time.     

PIC/MCC Simulation of Electron and Ion Currents to Spherical Langmuir Probe

The Particle In Cell/Monte Carlo Collisions (PIC/MCC) simulation was used for the calculation of electron and ion currents to a spherical Langmuir (electrostatic) probe. This simulation took into account the collisions of collected charged particles with neutral gas particles around the probe and it can calculate the probe currents at higher neutral gas pressures. The improvements of usual simulation techniques enabled to speed up the simulation and to calculate the probe current even for neutral gas pressures above 1 kPa. The simulations were carried out for two cases: i) probe with radius of 0.5 mm in non‐thermal plasma with high electron temperature, ii) probe with radius of 10 µm in afterglow plasma with low electron temperature. The influence of probe radius on electron probe current was also studied. The simulations showed that thick sheath limit of OML theory provides incorrect values of probe current for probes with radii larger than 200 µm at plasma parameters considered even at very low neutral gas pressures. The probe characteristics were calculated for probe with 0.5 mm radius for pressures up to 500 Pa and for probe with 10 μm radius for pressures up to 3 kPa. The influence of collisions on electron and ion probe current was demonstrated and the procedure for determination of electron and ion densities from the probe measurement at higher pressures was developed. The results from PIC/MCC simulations were compared with results from continuum theory. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

高温非平衡条件下氟原子亲电动力学的激波管研究

用激波管方法研究了氟原子亲电动力学.利用反射激波加热获得离子化气体,随后经冷却速度达106K/s的强稀疏波冷却,离化气体将经历以电子复合为主的非平衡过程.用Langmuir静电探针监测反射激波后离子浓度随时间的演变,分析了探针工作状态,引入了探针鞘层内的弹性散射修正.测定了温度在1200～2200K以氩气为碰撞第三体的F原子与电子复合速率系数,讨论了温度依赖关系.     

Core electrostatic fluctuations and particle transport in a reversed-field pinch

Potential and electron-density fluctuation profiles, phi(r) and ?(e)(r)/n(e), are measured for the first time in the core of a reversed-field pinch using a heavy ion beam probe. It is found that the fluctuations are broadband and correlated with the core resonant m/n=1/6 tearing mode. The electrostatic-fluctuation-induced particle transport in the core of standard RFP plasmas, estimated from measured , is small compared to the total particle flux. Measurements of fluctuations and estimates of fluctuation induced particle transport in improved confinement RFP discharges are also presented.