Vitamin K1在水-有机溶剂中单电子还原电位的测定

Vitamin K1(VK1)是一种非常重要的脂溶性维生素,其止血功能已为人们所熟悉.下图显示在生物体内VK参与的止血过程,在这个氧化还原循环过程中,VKH2环氧化变成VKO与－Glu－(谷氨酸蛋白)羧化而转变成－Gla－(γ－羧基谷氨酸蛋白)是同时发生的,但前一过程对后一过程有什么贡献至今还不清楚.     

茶多酚类化合物的单电子还原电位

单电子还原电位是辐射保护和敏化中“电荷转移”的根本判据，此文采用时间分辨脉冲电子辐解瞬态吸收光谱装置，在PH＝7．0的磷酸缓冲溶液中，以杜醌（－244mV）为参比，准确地测定了四种茶多酚类衍生物EGCG、GCG、GC、C的单电子还原电位值分别为－316，－325，－328，－326mV；并通过与DNA碱基胸腺嘧啶的单电子还原电位（－1100mV）作比较，从热力学角度初步评价了这类化合物对DNA碱基的辐射损伤均有良好的保护作用．     

Vitamin K1在水-有机溶剂中单电子还原电位的测定

ＶｉｔａｍｉｎＫ１（ＶＫ１）是一种非常重要的脂溶性维生素,其止血功能已为人们所熟悉．下图显示在生物体内ＶＫ参与的止血过程,在这个氧化还原循环过程中,ＶＫＨ２环氧化变成ＶＫＯ与Ｇｌｕ(谷氨酸蛋白)羧化而转变成Ｇｌａ(γ-羧基谷氨酸蛋白)是同时发生的,但前一?..     

鬼臼毒素及其衍生物的瞬态粒子分析

分析了鬼臼毒素及其衍生物与还原性自由基(氢自由基、水合电子)作用、氧化性自由基羟基自由基和激光等作用后产生的各种瞬态粒子，对各粒子的生成和衰减过程进行跟踪，获得了各瞬态粒子的生成和衰减速率常数，进一步探讨了鬼臼毒素治疗肿瘤的构效关系。     

过硫酸钠氧化鬼臼毒素及其衍生物的机理研究

用激光光解和脉冲辐解技术对过硫酸钠氧化鬼臼毒素及其衍生物水溶液的机理进行了研究。观察了各种瞬态粒子的生成和衰变过程,并测定了各种瞬态粒子的生成和衰变速率常数,发现鬼臼毒素的C-4位,去甲表鬼臼毒素的C-4位和C-1基团的C-4′位都是很活泼的基团,具有强光敏性,并分析其反应机理和分子结构的关系。     

稀有三环核苷衍生物单电子氧化反应的脉冲辐解研究

运用纳秒级脉冲辐解技术研究了稀有三环核苷衍生物6-甲基三环鸟苷(dYt)与一些单电子氧化性自由基的反应, 表征了反应过程中产生的阳离子自由基dYt^•+及其脱质子中性自由基dYt(-H)^• 的瞬态吸收光谱及pKa, 并首次得到该化合物与^• OH自由基及单电子氧化性自由基SO₄^•-, CO₃^•-, N₃^•反应的动力学速率常数, 揭示了反应机理, 为进一步了解该类化合物的氧化反应提供了一定的证据.     

鬼臼毒素及其衍生物热分解反应的动力学研究

The thermal behavior and thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of podophyllotoxin （1） and 4 derivatives, picropodophyllin （2）, deoxypodophyllotoxin （3）, fl-apopicropodophyllin （4）, podophyllotoxone （5） in a temperature-programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC and TG-DTG. The kinetic model functions in differential and integral forms of the thermal decomposition reactions mentioned above for first stage were established. The kinetic parameters of the apparent activation energy Ea and per-exponential factor A were obtained from analy- sis of the TG-DTG curves by integral and differential methods. The most probable kinetic model function of the decomposition reaction in differential form was （1- a）^2 for compounds 1-3,2/3·a^-1/2 for compound 4 and 1/2（1-a）·[-In（1-a）]^-1 for compound 5. The values of Ea indicated that the reactivity of compounds 1-5was increased in the order： 5〈4〈2〈1〈3. The values of the entropy of activation △S^≠, enthalpy of activation △H^≠ and free energy of activation △G^≠ of the reactions were estimated. The values of △G^≠ indicated that the thermal stability of compounds 1-3 with the samef（a） was increased in the order： 2〈3〈1.     

Etoposide的氧化还原反应: 脉冲辐解和激光光解研究

首次用脉冲辐解时间分辨方法研究了etoposide(VP16)在水溶液中与N~3^.,(SCN)~2^.^-和e~a~q^-之间发生的单电子氧化还原反应,测定了VP16的阴离子自由基、脱质子中性自由基的特征吸收谱;测得VP16与e~a~q^-,N~3^.,(SCN)~2^.^-的绝对反应速率常数分别为2.7×10^9,3.2×10^9和2.5×10^8dm^3.mol^-^1.s^-^1。研究表明,水溶液中的VP16可为248nm激光光电离,光电离的瞬态产物为阳离子自由基及脱质子中性自由基,并且测定了其酸碱电离的pK值。测得SO~4^.^-自由基单电子氧化VP16的反应速率常数为2.8×10^9dm^3.mol^-^1.s^-^1。     

Reactions of Hydroxyl Radical with Salicylic Acid Derivatives： A Pulse Radiolysis Study

Based on pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of two salicylic acid derivatives including ethyl salicylate and benzylsalicylate the transient absorption spectra and the rate constants of hydroxyl radical with salicylic acid derivatives were determined for the first time. The results indicated that ethyl salicylate and benzylsalicylate have efficient activities to scavenge hydroxyl radical.     

One-electron reduction of thionine studied by pulse radiolysis

One-electron reduction of thionine has been studied by using the technique of nanosecond pulse radiolysis and kinetic spectrophotometry. H,e _aq ⁻ as well as radicals derived from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, THF, dioxane andt-butanol by H atom abstraction were used as reductants. The rate constants for the transfer of electrons from these radicalts to thionine were directly determined from the pseudo first-order formation rates of the product, semithionine and the one-electron reduction potential of thionine estimated. The absorption spectrum of semithionine in its different conjugate acid-base forms was found to be in agreement with previously reported spectra and the decay of the species was second order. By monitoring transient absorbance changes as a function of pH, twopK _a values were observed and, based on the effect of ionic strength on the second-order decay constants of the species were assigned to the equilibria described.     

Redox reactions of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) in aqueous solution

Pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to study the reactions of oxidizing (^√OH, N₃^√) and reducing radicals (e⁻_aq, CO₂^√−, acetone ketyl radical) with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) at different pH. Hydroxyl radicals react mostly by addition reaction forming radical adducts (λ_max=420 nm) and the oxidation is only a minor process even in the alkaline region. The reaction with azide radicals produced phenoxyl radicals (λ_max=340 nm), which are formed on fast deprotonation of solute radical cation. Using PMZ^√+/PMZ and ABTS^√−/ABTS²⁻ as the reference couple, different methods are employed to determine the one-electron reduction potential of o-vanillin and the average value is estimated to be 1.076±0.004 V vs. NHE at pH 6. The phenoxyl radicals of o-vanillin were able to oxidize ABTS²⁻ quantitatively. The e_aq⁻ is observed to react with o-vanillin with rate constant value of 2×10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. CO₂^√− and acetone ketyl radical are also observed to react with o-vanillin by electron transfer mechanism and showed the formation of transient absorption bands with λ_max at 350 and 390 nm at pH 4.5 and 9.7, respectively. The pK_a of the one-electron reduced species was determined to be 8.1. The results indicate that the aldehydic group is the most preferred site for electron addition.     

胞嘧啶水溶液体系辐解的瞬态产物研究

Using the ns pulse radolysis, we studied the characteristic absorption spectrum and kinetic decay of cytosine anion radical (Cyt-). Results showed that the characteristic absorption of Cyt- was located at λ=355±5 nm, and decayed following the first order kinetics with τ1/2=265 ns at pH=7.0. The decay became slower and τ1/2 rapidly rised with the increment of pH value, Cyt- protonated at C6 in acidic solution, and the characteristic absorption was located at λ=310±5 nm, and decayed following the second order kinetics: Cyt- protonated at N3 in aqueous solution of pH≥7, and the characteristic absorption was located at λ=295±5 nm, and decayed following the second order kinetics.     

自由基诱导的水溶液中氟西汀的降解:脉冲辐解及稳态辐照研究

The reactions of the pharmaceutical fluoxetine (FLX) with different radicals were investigated by pulse radiolysis. The reaction of hydroxyl radical (·OH) with FLX formed hydroxylated adduct of the aromatic ring, while oxidation of FLX by sulfate radical anion (SO₄^·-) formed benzene radical cation that further reacted with H₂O to yield the ·OH adduct. The determined rate constants of ·OH, hydrated electrons (e_aq^-), and SO₄^·- with FLX were 7.8×10⁹, 2.3×10⁹, and 1.1×10⁹ mol·L^-1·s^-1, respectively. In the steady-state radiolysis study, the degradation of FLX in different radiolytic conditions by electron beam irradiation was detected by HPLC and UV-Vis spectra techniques. It was found that FLX concentration decreased by more than 90% in both N₂O and air-saturated solutions after 1.5 kGy irradiation. In contrast, only 43% of FLX was decomposed in N₂-saturated solution containing 0.1 mol·L^-1 tert-butanol. The degradation rates of FLX in acidic and neutral solutions were higher than those in alkaline solutions. Our results showed that the degradation of FLX is optimal in air-saturated neutral solution, and ·OH-induced degradation is more efficient than SO₄^·- oxidation of FLX. The obtained kinetic data and optimal conditions give some hints to understand the degradation of FLX.     

脉冲辐解研究喹啉和异喹啉与瞬态粒子的反应

通过合理控制反应条件, 使体系在电子束脉冲作用后只剩下所需要的一种瞬态粒子, 用脉冲辐解研究了喹啉、异喹啉分别与水合电子、羟基自由基、氢自由基等几种典型的氧化还原瞬态粒子的反应过程, 研究了各种瞬态产物的吸收光谱及其变化规律, 测定了相关反应的速率常数. 喹啉、异喹啉与水合电子的反应速率常数分别为7.1×10⁹和3.4×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1, 与羟基自由基的反应速率常数分别为7.2×10⁹和3.4×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1, 与氢自由基的反应速率常数分别为5.7×10⁹和3.6×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1. 这一结果表明, 喹啉、异喹啉均能够非常迅速地与水合电子、羟基自由基、氢自由基发生反应, 喹啉比异喹啉的反应速率更快. 运用电子理论分析了瞬态反应产物结构的稳定性差异, 结果表明, 喹啉的反应产物比异喹啉的稳定, 从而揭示了喹啉比异喹啉反应速率快的原因.     

水溶液中金属团簇的脉冲辐解研究进展

介绍了以脉冲辐解技术为手段研究水溶液中单金属团簇的形成机理,并对团簇的性质及其反应进行了简要的概括,对今后团簇的发展趋势进行了展望.