同位旋效应对中能重离子反应中轻粒子产物的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两反应系统在不同入射能量、不同碰撞参数、不同势场和不同核子-核子碰撞截面下的粒子发射特征.阐述了发射体系的同位旋对轻粒子产额比的影响.发现轻粒子产额比是同位旋的敏感观测量.另外,还发现中快度区发射的粒子有更高的丰中子程度.同时,轻粒子的比不敏感于核子核子碰撞截面,而敏感于核态方程,这使得从轻粒子比提取同位旋相关的核态方程变成一种可能. 关键词： 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学 同位旋效应 轻粒子产额比     

轻粒子产额及其关联的同位旋效应

用晶格气体模型系统地研究了热发射体的粒子发射特性,阐述了发射体系的同位旋对轻系统的中子、带电粒子和轻粒子产额,以及对轻粒子产额比和双产额同位素比的影响.发现轻粒子产额和产额比是复合系统同位旋的敏感观测量,而双产额同位素比几乎不依赖于体系的同位旋.     

同位旋标度规律的动力学和统计衰变效应

通过同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型和统计级联衰变模型, 计算了两个相似的同位旋不同的反应系统的同位旋标度规律, 计算的结果表明对于轻粒子碎片, 同位旋标度系数α随反应时间的增加有所变大, 而对于重的余核产物, α随反应时间的增加有所减小; 轻粒子碎片的α基本上保持不变化, 中等质量和重的余核, α与产物的大小相关, 产物越重α越大. 统计级联衰变可以稍微增加同位旋标度参数α, 但是不改变α对于轻粒子和重产物的变化规律.     

同位旋对轻系统裂变前粒子发射的影响

在Smoluchowski方程的框架内,研究了同位旋对轻裂变同量异位素源¹¹⁰Tc,¹¹⁰Pd,¹¹⁰In和同位素源^110,117,124In裂变前粒子发射的影响.计算结果表明:断前粒子发射对裂变源的同位旋有很强的依赖性,随着同位旋的增加,中子发射增强,而轻带电粒子则减弱;对一个高同位旋的系统,质子和α粒子不适合作为提取核耗散强度的实验观测量;核耗散强度的大小不改变同位旋对粒子发射的影响规律     

重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏对碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋分馏现象及其对于碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性.计算结果表明:在碰撞系统膨胀的低密度区, 气相(发射核子)与液相(碎片)的中子-质子比出现不均等分配现象,即同位旋分馏. 同位旋分馏的强弱明显地依赖于碰撞系统的中子-质子比,其强度随着系统中子-质子比的增大而增大. 丰中子碰撞系统产生丰中子的气相和缺中子的液相,而缺中子碰撞系统产生缺中子的气相和丰中子的液相.在丰中子的碰撞系统中同位旋分馏强度敏感地依赖于对称势,而对于两体碰撞的同位旋效应并不敏感，但对于缺中子的碰撞系统,同位旋分馏强度对于对称势不敏感， 同时发现动量相关作用对于同位旋分馏过程的作用不明显. 关键词： 中能重离子碰撞 同位旋分馏 同位旋效应 对称势     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋相关核子–核子碰撞截面的灵敏探针

基于重质量弹核(放射性核或稳定核)打轻质量靶核的逆运动学效应,即反应产物主要集中在小角度的优点,利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,探寻了对于中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋效应灵敏的物理观测量.计算表明,在入射能量约大于80MeV/u能区,中等质量碎片多重性随发射带电粒子总数之间的演化是提取介质中同位旋相关的核子–核子碰撞截面的灵敏物理量.     

中能重离子同位旋分馏对系统质量和能量的依赖性

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学理论,研究了中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏强度(N/Z)n/(N/Z)frag对于碰撞系统质量和能量的依赖关系.这里(N/Z)n和(N/Z)frag分别是核子发射 （气相）和碎片发射多重性（液相）的中子-质子比.研究结果表明同位旋分馏强度是反应 系统质量和能量的灵敏函数.当系统同位旋（中子-质子比）入射能量和碰撞参数都固定时, 同位旋分馏强度随系统质量的增加而减少.因为随系统质量的增加与较轻系统比较.重系统具 有大的压缩能,小的热能和大的液-气相变的临界温度.故核子输运过程和同 关键词： 同位旋分馏 对称势     

库仑作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞中库仑作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响.研究结果表明,在所研究的能区,无论是丰(缺)中子碰撞系统或者轻(重)反应系统,库仑作用都使同位旋分馏过程减弱,而这种影响主要来自于库仑作用对质子的排斥作用,使更多的质子发射,从而降低了气相中子–质子比所导致     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋相关核子–核子碰撞截面的可能观测量

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学研究和寻找提取中能重离子碰撞多重碎裂中同位旋相关核子–核子碰撞截面的可能观测量.计算结果表明,在多重碎裂过程中中等质量碎片多重性与带电粒子总数之间的关联是在所选能区提取介质中同位旋相关核子–核子碰撞截面的灵敏观察量.应用重质量弹核打轻质量靶核具有反应产物向前角发射这一逆反应效应,可以在有限探测器条件下与实验相结合提取介质中同位旋相关的核子–核子碰撞截面.     

放射性核束引起反应中轻带电粒子发射的同位旋效应

研究了69MeV/u³⁶Ar轰击Be靶的碎裂产物与Si靶反应引起的前角区轻带电粒子的发射产额与原子核同位旋、原子核序数的关系.发现前角区轻带电粒子发射产额对于丰质子核的结构非常敏感,与同位旋存在一种指数关系.因此可以把前角区轻带电粒子发射产额作为探测丰质子核结构的一种手段,也是一种新的验证一个核是否具有质子晕结构的实验证据.     

稠苯芳杂环及其烷基质子化学位移的计算

本文提出了予测稠苯芳杂环及其烷基链上质子化学位移的计算方法。 将稠苯芳杂环化合物用凯库勒式表示,计算式为为需考虑的苯环内的乙烯基效应。σ_mi,ci为各苯环的环流效应。σ_1,Hc为各芳杂环的屏蔽效应,对杂环上质子它就是该单独芳杂环上相应质子的δ值,对苯环上质子要将它分解为各结构因素的效应,即:σ_1,He=(1/2)^d-1δ_x=y(或σ_z)+σ_c-c·σ_m,H. σ_x-y与σ_z为杂原子或其基团的屏蔽效应,σ_c=c为存在于芳杂环中的乙烯基的效应,σ_m,Hc为芳杂环的环流效应,d为对不同质子所考虑的键数。有取代基时需考虑取代基的效应。计算环上烷基质子的公式为:δ=σ_p,CH3+ασ_c,CH3+βσ_t,CH3+σ_l,G σ_l,G为稠苯芳杂环基的某级效应。     

Structural phase transitions at clean and metal-covered Si(111) surfaces investigated by RHEED spot analysis

Structural phase transitions between various kinds of superlattice structures formed on a Si(111) surface have been investigated by spot analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Reversible transitions induced by temperature changes and irreversible ones induced by metal depositions were observed. Detailed discussions on the dynamics of the phase transitions are made by quantitative analyses of integrated spot intensity and profile. For a phase transition of 7′7  1′1 structures on a clean Si(111) surface, a hysteresis with temperature difference of 5°C. between in heating and cooling processes was found in the spot intensity change, indicating a first-order transition. Hysteresis was hardly recognized, on the other hand, for transitions of Au-induced superstructures (5×2-Au or ×-Au)  1×1-Au. The spot profiles were found to be broadened during the transition of Si(111)-×-Au  1×1-Au, which was a signature of a continuous transition, while the profiles remained unchanged during the transitions of the 7×7  1×1 and 5×2-Au  1×1-Au phases. Structural conversions induced by In adsorption on the Si(111) surface kept at constant temperatures were also analyzed. The conversions at room temperature were totally dependent on the initial substrate surface structures; the 7×7 surface did not show any structural conversion with In adsorption, while the ×-In surface successively converted to a 2×2 and a × phase with coverage increase. The structural transitions at elevated temperatures were sensitively dependent on the temperatures. Sequences of transitions among the 7×7, 4×1, ×, 1×, and ×4 were quantitatively revealed as changes in RHEED spot intensity.     

ErP5O14非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁

研究了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄铒非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁现象. 从吸收谱和激发光谱的计算比较中肯定了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶 玻璃的1537.0 nm红外荧光为多光子量子剪裁荧光. 从Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃的可见和红外荧光发射光谱中发现激发²H_11/2, ⁴G_11/2和⁴G_9/2能级所导致的⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2量子剪裁红外荧光很强;基于自发辐射速率、无辐射弛豫速率和能量传递速率等参数的计算,对其量子剪裁机理进行了分析.发现起源于基态的强下转换能量传递{²H_11/2→⁴I_9/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2},{⁴G_11/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2},{⁴G_9/2→⁴F_7/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2}和{⁴G_9/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2}是导致Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃具有强的三光子和四光子量子剪裁红外荧光的原因.研究结果对改善太阳能电池效率有一定意义.     

1-forms over the moduli space of irreducible connections defined by the spectrum of Dirac operators

Let (P) be the moduli space of irreducible connections of a G-principal bundle P over a closed Riemannian spin manifold M. Let D_A be the Dirac operator of M coupled to a connection A of P and f a smooth function on M. We consider a smooth variation A(u) of A with tangent vector ω and denote T_ω:= (D_A(u)−f) (u=0. The coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of trace (T_ω · e^-t(D_A−f)2) near t=0 define 1-forms a^(k)_f, K=0, 1, 2, … on (P). In this paper we calculate aa⁽⁰⁾_f, a⁽¹⁾_f, a⁽²⁾_f and study some of their properties. For instance using the 1-form a⁽²⁾_f for suitable functions f we obtain a foliation of codimension 5 of the space of G-instantons of S⁴.     

Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B-type Nd16Co76B8−xCx alloys and their hydrides

An attempt is made to synthesize Nd₂Co₁₄C compound by mechanical alloying Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x8) alloys and subsequent annealing. Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x alloys and their hydrides are investigated. The Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase with Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is formed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys, while NdCo₇C_δ phase with TbCu₇-type structure is observed in Nd₁₆Co₇₆C₈ alloy. The lattice parameter c of the Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase decreases with increasing the carbon content. A limit volume of the unit cell to form the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is estimated to be 0.870 nm³. The spin-reorientation temperature T_SR increases with increasing the carbon content, due to an enhancement of magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by carbon substitution for boron. After hydrogenation, the lattice expansion is observed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys. The spin-reorientation temperature of Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_xH_y (0x7) is much lower than that of the host alloys. Some structural and magnetic properties of hypothetic Nd₂Co₁₄C and Nd₂Co₁₄CH_y compounds are estimated by extrapolation.