微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海藻中的微量元素

利用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了大连产5种海藻样品中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 4种微量元素的含量.对微波消解条件和原子吸收光谱测定的条件进行了优化.实验结果表明,微波消解法操作简便快速、样品消解完全,空白值低、环境污染小;火焰原子吸收光谱方法选择性好,准确度高,回收率为91%-105%.样品测定结果显示...     

电热板消解法与微波消解法测定大气颗粒物Cu、Pb元素的对比

采用电热板消解法与微波消解法两种前处理消解方法,测定了青岛小麦岛环境监测站大气颗粒物滤膜样品的Cu、Pb含量,并对测定结果进行了分析对比.发现两种消解方法测定的Cu、Pb含量的分析精密度均较好,只是微波消解法测定值略小于电热板消解法,测定Cu元素时,两种方法不存在显著性差异,可等效使用,而测定Pb元素时,两种方法略存在差异.     

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定电池中汞

建立了微波消解 冷原子吸收光谱快速测定电池中汞的分析方法。采用密闭微波酸湿法消解电池样品 ,优化了微波消解条件和仪器测定条件。以HNO3 H2 SO4(φ =4∶1)混合酸作消解液、微波加热 3min ,以0 5mol·L-1H2 SO4为反应介质在室温下测定。方法的特征浓度为 0 2 5 μg·L-1。测定了 5种电池样品 ,回收率在 99 9%～ 113%之间 ,相对标准偏差为 4 9%～ 11 9%。与传统法相比 ,该法具有快速、省试剂、消解完全、汞丢失少等优点。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定生物体中的Hg和As

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定生物体中Hg和As的方法,在最佳的实验条件下,经过平板加热和微波消解样品多次实验比较,常压消解法和微波消解法对标准样品分析的结果均符合要求;其中常压消解法Hg、As的相对标准偏差分别为6.2％和4.0％;微波消解法Hg、As的相对标准偏差分别为4.6％和3.4％.两种方法都能满足海洋生物体中Hg和As含量的测定要求,具有分析速度快、操作简便、检验效率高等特点.     

玫瑰花矿质元素测定中3种不同消解方法的比较

采用微波消解、电热板法和干灰化法对玫瑰花样品进行预处理比较,ICP-AES测定9种矿质元素的含量,检测结果表明,微波消解优于其他的两种方法,具有处理时间短、准确度高、消解完全、污染少等优点.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定汽油中的锰

用微波消解方法处理汽油样品,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定汽油中锰含量,建立了用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定汽油中锰含量的新方法。用正交试验法考察了消解时间、温度、微波功率和酸度对消解效果的影响,确定了最佳微波消解条件。研究结果显示：测定汽油样品中锰含量时相对标准偏差（n=11）≤4.12%,加标回收率在96.5%—110.2%之间。方法具有测定精密度好、样品用量少、操作简单、环境友好等优点,可用于汽油样品中锰含量的测定。     

微波消解-AAS法测定新疆罗布麻叶中的微量元素

微波溶样技术是近年来产生的一种崭新的极有前途的溶样技术.采用微波消解溶样,利用原子吸收法对新疆罗布麻叶中多种微量元素含量进行测定,优化了消化条件.结果表明高压微波消化法具有消解完全、结果准确的优点.     

微波消解-CTAB增敏-HG-ICP-AES法测定中药黄芪中的痕量铅

采用微波消解技术处理样品,建立了CTAB增敏-氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(HG-ICP-AES)测定中药黄芪中痕量铅的分析方法。讨论了微波消解试剂、微波消解参数对消解效果的影响,系统地研究了氢化物发生的最佳条件。采用HNO₃+H₂O₂+H₂O为微波消解最佳试剂,在选定的最佳氢化物发生条件下,铅的线性范围为0.23～800 μg·L-1, 相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.23 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.02%, 样品加标回收率为98.8%～100.1%。结果表明,微波消解法处理中草药,具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬

采用微波消解技术,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.研究了消解程序和消解试剂,建立了塑料样品的微波消解方法.测定了多种浓度范围多种不同基体的塑料,RSD为1.8%-2.4%,回收率为97.3%-98.8%.通过测定有证参考物质和国际水平测试,证明该方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,适合同时测定各种塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.     

ICP-AES法测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的研究

研究了用微波消解处理样品，ICP－AES法直接测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的新方法，该方法简便，快速，准确，准确，对实际样品测定，结果令人满意。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.