探究性教学过程的组织与学习兴趣的激发--物理实验教学的改革与实践

根据物理实验的知识内涵和教学要求，挖掘实验中贴近日常生活、靠近技术应用的内容，在实验课上精心组织探究性的教学过程，使学生觉得内容更有趣，实验技术更有用。     

基于Internet/Intranet的大学物理实验系统

利用计算机技术、传感技术和校园网，将现代教育技术引入大学普通物理实验教学中，实现实验数据的自动采集，基于网络的实验预习和实验报告写作、递交、批改及管理等功能．     

基于Web的ICF物理实验数据查询系统

随着“神光”-Ⅱ的运行和“神光”-Ⅲ原型的即将建成，物理实验数据、实验参数以及各探测器的实验记录也将越来越多。为了方便物理实验人员对实验数据进行后续处理，必须建立有效的数据管理和查询系统。系统建立的ICF物理实验数据查询系统，实现了对实验参数和数据有效的管理和利用，该系统应用计算机网络技术及数据库技术，并用Web网页浏览的方式．以方便相关物理实验人员对实验参数和实验数据的查询和调用，即时全面了解实验状况，从而有利于对实验数据进行分析，指导下一步的具体实验。     

反光电发射谱技术及其应用

本文介绍了反光电发射谱技术的基本原理，实验设备和实验方法，并详细综述了这种技术在表面科学，磁性材料，强关联复杂系统和高分子聚合材料等方面最新的研究进展。     

基于MATLAB的傅里叶光学实验的计算机模拟

计算机模拟技术广泛应用在教学和科研当中，在傅里叶光学实验中引入计算机模拟技术能更生动和深入地揭示光学现象的物理内涵，文章提出利用MATLAB模拟傅里叶光学实验的方法，该方法的优点是操作简单灵活，能完成一般光学实验中较难实现的操作，并给出了光学滤波实验的结果。     

微重力燃烧实验落塔技术改进

上抛工作模式是一种有效的地基微重力实验技术．它能在基本上不增加落塔高度的情况下，成倍地增加微重力实验时间．本文将简要介绍在工程热物理所25米落塔设施上由实时过程控制技术和数控全速同步泛能换能技术组成的牵引式上抛技术的工作原理，基本组件，微重力状态下蜡烛火焰实验的初步结果，以及与NASA落塔和航天飞机实验结果的对比．     

在气垫导轨上利用压电技术设计“爆炸过程动量守恒实验”

在气垫导轨上利用压电技术设计“爆炸过程动量守恒实验”姜源，王震，金宅浩（沈阳工业大学１１００２３）爆炸过程动量守恒是力学中的典型问题，本文介绍了在气垫导轨上采用压电引爆技术设计爆炸实验，从而定量验证爆炸过程动量守恒的实验设计和实验结果．一、实验装置１...     

面对现实增强基础循序渐进全面提高--北大物理实验教学改革的思路和实践

面对科学技术的飞速发展和培养跨世纪人才的需要，我们重新审视了什么是物理实验的基本知识，方法和技能，安排了新的教学计划，淘汰落后的无实用的价值的实验，增加具有重要近代物理内容和近代物理实验技术的实验，开设了将物理内容与传感器和计算机有机结合的实验选修课。     

冲击波作用下物质发射光谱实验装置

 利用OMA-Ⅲ光学系统和二级轻气炮，采用门控同步触发技术，成功建立了物质冲击压缩发射光谱实验系统。同步触发是实验技术研究的中心。     

ITER中国氦冷固态氚增殖剂实验包层模块中子学设计

实验包层模块（Test Blanket Module，TBM）是将在ITER装置上进行实验的关键部件，它放在ITER装置中子流强最高、热流密度最大的赤道面位置，直接面对等离子体。TBM是为将来发展DEMO聚变堆包层技术而进行模拟和测试未来聚变电站相关材料和技术的重要实验平台。     

不同材料和不同能通量条件下电子束喷射冲量的实验研究

 介绍了采用直接测量特定时间间隔系列和微型红外通光式传感技术的探头原理,在“闪光二号”电子束装置上进行的喷射冲量随不同材料和不同能通量而变化的实验研究。实验结果表明,在能通量大体相同时,A和B这两种特种材料的喷射冲量耦合系数分别只有LY-12铝的1/3和1/2左右。这说明此两种特种材料在受辐照条件下具有良好的降低喷射冲量的性能。     

Surface structure determination with X-ray standing waves

The X-ray standing-wave technique is reviewed in its application to surface investigations. Element- specific, structural analysis can be performed with high spatial resolution even for low surface coverages. We present several examples. Interface structure determination is discussed briefly. The fundamental principles and possible variations of the technique, the experimental requirements and the quality of structural information obtained from standing-wave measurements are described in detail.     

Automatic optical activity measurement system

The present note proposes a simple, fast and accurate experimental technique to measure the specific optical activity coefficients in fibre-like crystals. The system is based on the automatic electronic phase shift detection by a lock-in amplifier in a dynamic polarimetric system.     

Thermal wave photopyroelectric characterization of advanced materials: State of the art

This article reviews the history, background, theoretical basis, development, attempts to optimize, and experimental performance of the photopyroelectric technique for the optothermal characterization of advanced materials such as semiconductors, superconductors, pure metals and alloys, quantum wells, liquid crystals, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, as well as solar cells. The state of the art in the experimental processes in this field is also reviewed. This new photothermal technique can be used after a careful optimization, as a highly sensitive method for photopyroelectric spectroscopy and general thermal wave measurements. It has been shown to be a highly sensitive spectroscopic method for the nondestructive evaluation of advanced materials. This review presents the main photopyroelectric theoretical models that have been used for the extraction of some important optoelectronic properties such as the optical absorption coefficient and the nonradiative quantum efficiency spectra, as well as some thermal properties such as the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. The applicability of the general basic theoretical model with its many special cases is also described in detail. This review demonstrates how photopyroelectric spectroscopy can be complementary to the conventional spectroscopic methods. The different experimental modes of the technique are also discussed. Moreover, some ideas concerning future perspectives of applying the technique to other scientific fields are outlined. This article does not aspire to an in-depth analysis of the experimental results in the field; rather, it focuses on the technique itself.     

Experimental search for universality of the specific heat in Ni-Cu ferromagnetic system. part I.

In these papers (Part I and Part 11) the results of a detailed experimental study of the specific heat near the Curie temperature are reported for the Ni-Cu ferromagnetic alloy system. The measuring technique and specimen preparation have allowed high enough resolution of specific heat for critical exponent analysis in the 0–10 weight per cent concentration range. A simple data analysis without higher corrections gives very unsatisfactory results in respect of symmetry (α = α′) and universal behaviour of specific heat. The problem of rounding and the regular background term to the specific heat is analyzed.     

Canonical ensemble and nonequilibrium states by molecular dynamics

We present a new technique to simulate the contact of a molecular dynamics system with a thermal wall. A canonical ensemble is obtained, and its statistical and thermodynamic fluctuations are studied. The values of the specific heat found by simulation agree with the experimental data. By means of thermal walls at different temperatures, thermal gradients are obtained. The values of the thermal conductivity are consistent with the experimental data.This work was supported in part by the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (France).     

3 ω线法测量液体热参数影响因素分析

首先给出基于谐波探测技术测量液体导热系数和热扩散系数的3ω线法的基本原理.采用实验和理论分析相结合的方法,分析了加热丝结构参数和自身热参数对温度波动和测量结果的影响.给出了加热丝直径和长度的合理范围.液体导热系数比较小时可以利用三次谐波的实部和虚部的交点测量液体的比热容.     

The thermoelectric power of Ni and Ni−Cu alloy near the Curie temperature measured by an ac method

An ac technique for the measurement of the thermoelectric power is introduced. This technique has the advantage, that it can be applied parallel with the heat capacity measurement on the same sample. The principle of the method and some technical details are presented. The method was used to measure the thermoelectric power (and specific heat) of single crystal Ni and Ni-1.5 w% Cu alloy near their Curie temperatures. The experimental data are compared with the resistive anomaly and specific heat and it is concluded that the behavior of the Seebeck coefficient is very similar to the resistive anomaly around the critical temperature.This work was carried out partly at the Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Illinois, and supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant GH-33634     

Dual hologram interferometry

This report describes dual hologram interferometry, a new electro-optic technique used to calculate two-dimensional density distributions from measurable changes in index of refraction. Using this technique, two scenes recorded at different times are stored in separate holograms. One hologram contains reference data depicting the subject in an undisturbed state and the other hologram describes the same subject in a test or disturbed condition. Desired interference patterns are obtained by super-imposing the two separate scenes which are simultaneously reconstructed from each hologram. Specific interferograms, infinite fringe and various finite fringe patterns, are obtained by carefully regulating the optical attitude between the holograms and the reference beam during reconstruction of the scenes. In this project, dual hologram interferometry is used to describe quantitatively free convection from a uniformly heated right circular cylinder. Temperature distributions through the boundary layer and local heat transfer coefficients are determined at different azimuth positions. The results are compared both to experimental data obtained from another holographic technique and to a theoretical prediction of this specific test. This investigation shows that dual hologram interferometry accurately records changes in index of refraction which means the technique can be used to accurately measure experimental fluid flow data.