取向结构和梯度分布医用材料的制备及应用

组织器官缺损或功能损失是人类健康所面临的重大危害,具有特定结构和组成的再生医学材料是实现组织再生与修复的关键和物质基础。本文对具有取向结构和梯度分布的再生医学材料的制备方法及其生物学性能进行了综述。与传统的再生医学材料相比,取向结构使得细胞在支架中呈取向分布和生长,有利于营养物质及代谢产物的传递,可用于构建具有取向结构的三维组织。具有物理性能、化学组成、生物因子梯度分布的再生医学材料能够调控细胞在梯度方向的黏附、迁移和分化等行为。基于仿生学原理设计的具有取向结构和梯度分布的再生医学材料为缺损组织或器官的再生与修复提供了更适宜的微环境,可望获得更出色的再生修复效果。     

Approaches to Achieve Vertical Orientation of Microdomains in Block Copolymer Thin Films

有序纳米结构薄膜材料是电子、信息等新技术发展的重要材料,嵌段共聚物由于能够自组装形成长程有序的纳米结构因而吸引人们的研究兴趣。如何有效地调控嵌段共聚物薄膜的自组装过程从而获得相畴垂直取向的有序纳米结构是现代材料化学所面临的重大挑战之一。本文综述了对基板进行改性以及外场如温度场、溶剂场等的使用在嵌段共聚物薄膜自组装相畴垂直取向中的调控作用,并结合一些典型的嵌段共聚物,讨论了相畴垂直取向的调控机理。     

透射电子显微镜在聚合物不同层次结构研究中的应用

聚合物材料的性能与功能取决于各级结构,其中化学结构决定材料的基本功能与性能,而不同层次聚集态结构能够改变材料的性能和赋予材料特殊功能,如高取向超高分子量聚乙烯的模量比相应非取向样品提高3个数量级,聚偏氟乙烯的β和γ结晶结构则能赋予其压电、铁电等特殊功能.因此,明确聚合物不同层次聚集态结构的形成机制、实现各层次结构的精准...     

两种取向结构AlN薄膜的场发射测试分析

近年来,由于AlN薄膜具有负的电子亲和势而可能具有良好的场发射特性,其相关研究引起了人们的关注[1,2].为改善薄膜结构场发射特性,可采用材料改性,如重掺杂方法[1,2],完善其能带结构,使得场隧穿电子能力增强.但人们很少关注内在材料原子结构排列方式对于场发射性能的影响.而纳米碳管[3]被发现具有极为优异的场发射特性.最近,研究也发现AlN纳米管具有非常优异的发射性能[4].一般而言,纳米管材料原子结构排列方式具有高度的取向特性,这是否意味着择优取向性材料将可能具有更优异的场发射特性,并且是否可以考虑从完善AlN薄膜取向特性来提高其场发射性能.本文将通过比较两种取向结构的AlN薄膜场对于其发射性能的影响,结果表明,对于单一择优取向的AlN薄膜具有更为优异的场发射特性,这也验证了高度取向性结构对提高AlN薄膜场发射性能是完全可能的.但据我们所知,尚无相关系统研究涉及到材料取向特性对场发射性能的影响,因此,取向薄膜场发射研究将具有较重要的科学意义与发展前景.     

红外二向色性技术在聚合物／无机物纳米复合材料取向结构研究中的应用

红外二向色性技术作为聚合物分子取向结构的一种重要研究方法,近年来已被应用于聚合物／无机物纳米复合与杂化材料的研究。本文结合作者的研究工作,对近年来聚合物／无机物纳米复合材料取向结构的研究进展进行了综述。首先介绍了纳米复合材料的基本概念和红外二向色性技术的基本原理,然后结合实例简要介绍红外二向色性技术在聚合物取向研究中的...     

山嵛酸Langmuir膜结合氨气扩散控制生长碱式硝酸锌的分形结构

以山嵛酸(BA) Langmuir膜为仿生矿化模板, 结合氨气动态扩散控制方法, 在气-液界面上制备了取向单一的Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2•2H2O分形结构材料. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分别对样品形貌及其晶型进行了表征. 结合π-A曲线研究了分形结构生长的驱动力, 并详细分析了分形生长的过程和机理. 认为Langmuir膜的存在导致了材料单一的晶面取向, 而氨气在气-液界面的动态扩散提供了分形结构形成的驱动力. 这有可能为控制合成一系列具有特殊结构的无机晶体材料提供一种可行的方法.     

聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的各向异性导热行为研究与进展

聚酰亚胺薄膜材料在集成电路、光电显示、柔性电子等领域具有广泛应用,然而其较差的导热性能越来越无法满足器件的快速散热需求.在保持耐热、力学等优势性能基础上,发展新一代高导热各向异性的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料成为国内外研究的重点.本文系统总结了聚酰亚胺本征薄膜及聚酰亚胺/导热填料复合薄膜在各向异性导热行为方面的研究进展,重点从聚酰亚胺分子结构设计、各向异性导热机理、填料取向排列、基体相态结构等方面进行了详细介绍.通过对非晶型与液晶型两类聚酰亚胺结构特点的分析,阐述了聚酰亚胺本征薄膜的分子结构与各向异性导热性能的关系;介绍了基于导热填料取向排列和基于基体相分离结构两类复合薄膜的填料取向与导热通路构建方法,深入分析了导热填料在基体中的分散形态对薄膜各向异性导热行为的影响,最后对导热聚酰亚胺薄膜材料面临的挑战进行了总结与展望.     

橫晶与纤维界面的形态观察

在纤维表面的异相成核密度达到足够高的程度时,晶粒的生长由径向转变为沿垂直于纤维表面的方向生长,即横晶生长(transcrystalline growth)。在许多纤维增强的高聚物复合材料中都可以得到横晶结构。横晶的结构和球晶是完全相同的。横晶是球晶的一种特殊情况,即取向球晶。虽然横晶中片晶的生长方向是相同的,但是在横晶与纤维之间,即在纤维表面区域却是非取向的。利用刻蚀剂或离子对材料进行刻蚀处理,控制刻蚀程度,可以使纤维和取向的横晶之间的非取向区首先被刻蚀液或离子刻蚀破坏掉。而取向的横晶结构区域则被保留下来。用扫描电子显微镜就可以观察到这两种结构区。     

铁电高分子聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯的凝聚态结构与性能调控研究进展

高分子的凝聚态结构具有多层次性,在微纳米尺度上有效地控制高分子的凝聚态结构,进而探索在微纳米尺度上凝聚态结构与性能的关系,将为高分子分子层次和宏观层次的结构与性能之间架起桥梁。本文综述了近年来我们课题组在铁电高分子聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物方面的研究及其进展。发展了在纳米尺度上控制高分子片晶取向的新方法并应用到聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯体系,构筑了取向高度有序的铁电高分子纳米结构阵列,分析了片晶取向与聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯微观铁电和压电性能之间的关系,有效降低了以聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯为主要材料的有机铁电非易失性存储器的读写电压。     

新型非线性光学杂化材料结构与性能的研究

由硅烷染料ASD与钛酸四正丁酯在酸性条件下共水解、缩合得到杂化材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)进行分析,结果表明,杂化溶胶粒子是由硅和钛的化合物组成的球形纳米粒子.由一维刚性取向气体模型计算杂化材料膜再极化后的二阶非线性光学系数χ⁽²⁾为1.43×10^-7esu.差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得杂化材料的玻璃化温度可达469K;用紫外-可见光谱对杂化膜在极化前后的取向及取向稳定性进行了研究.用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了材料在极化过程中的结晶行为和微观结构对生色团取向稳定性的影响,初次在这种极化后的膜中观察到了介观结构.     

A review on synthesis of value added products from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste

Many research papers have been contributed by several authors for making PET waste recycling economically and ecologically more viable. Recycling of PET waste was started in last two decades. Most of the authors are devoting their time in getting economically viable solution for development of methods based on either mechanical or chemical recycling. Some success has been obtained in development of chemical recycling methods which provides value added products from PET waste. However, different products developed by chemical recycling have not provided economically enough and reliable methods of recycling of PET waste.     

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of PP/PET/MAPP Blends Filled with Glass Beads

PP/PET/MAPP blends have been filled with 50 wt% of glass beads. The orientation of the PP crystalline phase, the crystallization behavior and the dynamic mechanical response of these materials have been analyzed. The dynamic mechanical response is strongly affected by the presence of the glass beads, being possible to detect the effect of PET and MAPP on the storage modulus and loss factor values. Moreover, the alpha relaxation of the composites is visibly affected by thermal treatments.     

The Effect of Glass Fibre and a Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant on the Flammability of Recycled PET

The availability of scrap poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from post-consumer bottles is increasing as the post-consumer collecting systems are becoming more usual in daily life. PET is well known as a high-performance engineering thermoplastic because of its good thermal stability, chemical resistance, and excellent mechanical properties. Many efforts have been carried out to use this material in housings of electronic applications. However, the flammability of PET is a shortcoming in some of these applications. In this study, our attempt is to incorporate a non-halogenated flame retardant, in form of a phosphorus-containing compound, together with a commercial glass fibre grade to achieve UL94 test V-0 rating for PET. An investigation of thermal stability and flammability (HDT, UL94 V-test) and mechanical (tensile, flexural and impact tests) properties of glass fibre filled PET samples is reported as a function of fraction of flame retardant. This work shows the influence of the filler content and the interfacial filler/matrix adhesion on the flame retardant and the mechanical properties.     

可调制润湿性和力学性能的电纺纤维膜的制备与性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术分别制备了无规排列和高度取向排列的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和PET/CA(柠檬酸)4种纤维膜,对它们的润湿性能和力学性能进行了研究,同时研究了纤维膜厚度对膜的力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,与无规排列的PET纤维膜相比,取向排列的PET纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能有了很大的提高,而断裂伸长率略有下降;加入柠檬酸(CA)后,PET/CA复合纤维膜的表面水接触角从132.3!减少到0!,且取向排列的纤维膜比无规排列的纤维膜更易润湿;无规排列的复合纤维膜的力学性能因加入CA而大幅下降,取向排列的PET/CA纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能下降较小,而无规排列的PET/CA纤维膜的断裂伸长率从284.1%增加到444.5%.无规排列纤维膜的力学性能随膜厚度的增加先提高,后来又下降,而取向排列的纤维膜沿纤维取向方向的力学性能随膜厚度增加而单调增加.     

不同拉伸比PET／PBT共混纤维的热行为及力学性能

不同拉伸比ＰＥＴ／ＰＢＴ共混纤维的热行为及力学性能尹秀丽（天津纺织工学院材料科学系天津３００１６０）关键词聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，共混纤维，热行为，力学性能不同配比聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＥＴ）／聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（ＰＢＴ）共混...     

非晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄片在低温退火过程中的声发射现象

从熔体淬火得到的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄片在室温下呈非晶玻璃态,已经证明这是一种非平衡态。很多文献曾报道,在T_g以下对它进行退火处理后虽然观察不到明显的结晶,但是它的延伸性能及抗冲性能会迅速变坏。不少文献的实验表明这退火过程是试样的分子链从非平衡态转变到更     

非晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄片在低温退火过程中的声发射现象

Acoustic emission during sub-Tg annealing fort amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet quenched from melt has been observed. The mechanical properties, texture and glass transition of annealed specimens have been studied. It is shown that some of PET chains change from non-equilibrium state to equilibrium state during sub-Tg annealing, which leads to stress concentration in specimen. When the level of internal stress approaches to the limit, the acoustic waves are emitted due to sudden releasing of stress and the micro-defects are for-med. This is one of the important reasons,the causes the loss of mechanical properties to an-nealed specimens.     

Chain folding in oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, yarns have been heated for 1 min in silicone oil. The resulting samples were studied by x-ray diffraction and mechanical properties were measured. The results suggest that drawn PET consists of highly extended molecules essentially parallel to one another, with few folds present. On heating, chain folding occurs. This model is very similar to that proposed by Dismore and Statton for drawn nylon 66 yarns.     

Industrially produced PET nanocomposites with enhaced properties for food packaging applications

Gas permeation of polymers is one of the important factors to be considered in the selection of materials for many packaging applications, such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for foods. Poly (ethylene therephthalate) (PET) is known to exhibit very low gas permeation compared with most polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene. However, MAP applications require better barrier performance than that of PET. In the present work PET trays reinforced with organically modified sepiolite, fibrillar nanoclay, have been produced at industrial processes. Permeability to water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide has been studied in PET nanocomposites as well as their microstructure through transmission electron and scanning electronic microscopy (TEM and SEM), and their mechanical properties. Results show a better performance in barrier properties as well as an increase in tensile strength, and impact resistance when the sepiolite content is lower than 2.5%.     

Oriented noncrystalline structure in PET fibers prepared with threadline modification process

The development of an oriented noncrystalline phase in a semicrystalline polymer filament has been studied via X-ray scattering. These unique PET fibers contain a relatively high noncrystalline content and also have high tenacity, high modulus, and low breaking elongation. Fiber properties were found to be very responsive to the oriented amorphous phase content. This phase was utilized for interpreting noncrystalline orientation in PET fibers produced by a new extrusion technique. Here, the oriented noncrystalline regions in a series of PET fibers varies from 6% to 63%, depending strongly on the production conditions. In particular, samples produced with a newly developed threadline modification process possess a high content of oriented noncrystalline polymer. Measurements such as dynamic and static mechanical properties have been performed on various samples, and these properties are related to the oriented noncrystalline phase. The results provide direct evidence for the existence of highly oriented noncrystalline material in these unique PET fibers spun with a threadline modification process. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.