5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯与钴显色反应的研究及应用

研究了新合成试剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-F-PADAT)与钴(Ⅱ)的显色反应。实验表明,在pH4.7~9.0范围内,钴与试剂形成紫红色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于506 nm。该配合物在无机酸作用下,可转化为另一具有较高吸收特性的质子化型体,最大吸收波长红移到565 nm,适宜的酸浓度范围分别为:0.24~3.6 mol/L HClO4、0.16~3.84 mol/L H2SO4、0.48~2.4 mol/L HCl、0.64~3.84 mol/L H3PO4。配合物表观摩尔吸光系数ε565=9.1×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钴(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0~0.5μg/mL内符合比尔定律。所拟方法已应用于维生素B12针剂中微量钴的测定。     

一类新的不对称变色酸双偶氮氟膦型试剂与铋显色反应的研究

对5种新的偶氮氟膦型试剂与铋(Ⅲ)的显色反应的条件进行了研究,考察了反应酸度、配合物的最大吸收峰的位置、配合物的稳定性、反应灵敏度及选择性等,结果表明:5种偶氮氟膦型试剂与铋配合物的最大吸收波长位于622～664nm之间,摩尔吸光系数在(0.72～0.98)×105L·mol-1·cm-1范围内。方法已用于实际样品胃必治中铋的测定。     

钪-稀土-对乙酰基偶氮氯膦体系共显色效应的研究

钪－稀土－对乙酰基偶氮氯膦体系共显色效应的研究刘双成,徐钟隽,潘教麦（华东师范大学化学系,上海,２０００６２）关键词钪,稀土,对乙酰基偶氮氯膦,共显色效应不则称偶氮氯膦试剂与稀土元素的β型显色反应,已被广泛用于稀土的测定［１,２］．但是当多种稀土或某...     

新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镉的显色反应

报道了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镉的显色反应。在表面活性剂OP存在下,pH 11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂与镉发生显色反应,生成4∶1型的红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于525 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.02×105L.mol-1.cm-1。Cd2+的线性范围为1~0.6μg/mL。用拟定方法测定废水中微量镉,结果令人满意。     

三溴偶氮溴膦与稀土元素显色反应的研究与应用

研究了新试剂三溴偶氮溴膦（4－BPA－TB）与稀土元素的显示反应。0．96mol.L^-1HNO3介质中，稀土元素与4－BPA－TB的显色反应灵敏度一致。利用此反应性质，测定钢铁中稀土总量获得满意结果。     

新显色剂对(间)氟偶氮氯膦与稀土元素的显色反应

目前,已研究过氯、溴和碘取代基对偶氮氯膦类试剂显色性能的影响,而对于氟取代基的影响尚未见报道。我们新合成了对(间)氟偶氮氯膦显色剂,并研究了该试剂与稀土元素的显色反应及测定钢中稀土元素的方法。 试验采用的仪器为UV-3000型分光光度计,721型分光光度计。主要试剂为0.05％的     

二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺双波长分光光度法测定钢铁中铈组稀土

在0.24~0.72 mol/L HCl介质中,镧、铈、镨、钕等轻稀土元素均与二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺(DBM-MSA)发生高灵敏度的显色反应,生成稳定的蓝色配合物,配合物的摩尔组成比均为1∶2。其λmax均为640 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为0.80~1.5×105L.mol.cm-1。轻稀土与DBM-MSA二元配合物在波峰640 nm和波谷530 nm(试剂的最大吸收波长)的工作曲线均呈良好的线性关系,可采用双波长叠加的方法测定钢中的轻稀土,重稀土不干扰。双波长法的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.5~2.6×105L.mol-1.cm-1,灵敏度较单波长法提高75%。已用于钢中轻稀土总量的测定,RSD<5%。     

1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与锌的显色反应

报道了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氰-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成。在pH 10~12的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,NP-40表面活性剂存在下,该试剂与锌发生显色反应,生成3∶1的红色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于530 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.52×105L.mol-1.cm-1。Zn2+质量浓度在0~0.48 mg/L范围内遵守比尔定律。用该法测定人发中微量锌,结果令人满意。     

1-偶氮苯-3-(3-硝基-5-氯-2-吡啶)三氮烯的合成及其与镍(Ⅱ)离子的显色反应

合成了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(3-硝基-5-氯-2-吡啶)三氮烯(ABNCPDT),并研究了它与镍的显色反应.在pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,TX-100表面活性剂存在下,试剂与镍生成4∶1型红色配合物.配合物的最大吸收峰位于540 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.86×105L.mol-1.cm-1.N i2+浓度在0~480μg/L范围内符合比尔定律.用拟定方法测定铝合金中微量镍,结果满意.     

新显色剂对碘偶氮氯膦-Zr(Ⅳ)反应的吸光光度法研究

报道了新显色剂对碘偶氮氯膦与锆的最佳显色条件.在盐酸一硫酸介质中,锆与显色试剂形成1:1的蓝色配合物.其最大吸收峰位于690nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε为6.88×10~4,锆量在0～10μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律.方法已用于不含稀土的铝合金样品中微量锆的测定,结果满意.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.