大口径主反射镜轻量化结构拓扑优化设计方法

介绍了一种大口径主反射镜轻量化结构拓扑优化设计方法,该方法是一种理论性强、效率高的新型轻量化优化设计方法。采用变密度法建立连续体结构拓扑优化数学模型,利用OPTISTRUCT优化软件,以主反射镜光轴垂直时在自重作用下的镜面变形与第一阶自然频率作为约束,将主反射镜体积最小作为目标函数进行了连续体拓扑优化。依据优化的拓扑结构形式,结合结构力学及灵敏度分析得到了满足镜面面型、结构刚度及轻量化率要求的最佳主反射镜轻量化结构。     

基于SiC材料的大长宽比长条型反射镜轻量化结构设计

介绍了一种大长宽比长条型反射镜的轻量化结构设计方法.讨论了反射镜的材料选择和轻量化结构形式,同时在轻量化设计过程中引入拓扑优化方法,以反射镜柔性变形为设计约束,以最小体积为设计目标,经过迭代计算得到最优结果.根据优化结果,建立反射镜的三维实体模型,并利用MSC.Patran软件建立反射镜的有限元模型,对影响反射镜自重变...     

13单元双压电晶片变形反射镜控制电极的优化设计

双压电晶片变形反射镜具有动态范围大、工作电压低、结构简单、造价低廉等优点，是自适应光学系统中用作波前校正器的新型器件。利用ｋｏｋｏｒｏｗｓｋｉ导出的自由边界条件下双压电变形镜表面位移—电压所满足的偏微分方程，分别运用Ｇａｕｓｓ迭代法和Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ法求解该方程的第一边界条件，得出变形镜的静态影响函数矩阵Ｚ（ｘ，ｙ）；按不同电极设计情况划分，以１３组Ｚ（ｘ，ｙ）为基，对Ｚｅｒｎｉｋｅ多项式低阶模进行逐项拟合，得出变形镜控制电极的大小、形状等优化参数，从而得到最佳静态影响函数矩阵以及反演电压矩阵。     

大口径反射镜结构的两种参数优化方法

大口径反射镜在自重作用下发生变形,变形过大会引起镜片通光表面的峰谷值较大,难以满足光机装置打靶精度的要求。建立了典型反射镜结构的有限元仿真模型,以计算镜片表面峰谷值;优化了安装柱的位置、尺寸及镜片厚度等参数,使镜片通光表面形变峰谷值最小。分别采用了基于有限元模型的直接优化和基于代理模型的优化,均获得了结构最优参数,使形变峰谷值比初始值降低了74%。相比而言,基于代理模型的优化还可提供目标量随设计变量的变化情况以及变量灵敏度分析,更有利于设计决策。当设计变量个数多、范围宽时,可先根据先验知识或低精度代理模型缩小设计范围,然后建立紧缩范围的高精度代理模型并进行优化,可有效避免大量计算。根据“三圆柱”支撑结构的参数优化结果,建议采用“四圆柱”支撑设计,以获得更高的面形精度。     

计算超薄镜最接近球面的非球面梯度法及有限元分析

利用超薄镜的弹性变形,通过主动光学技术将超薄球面镜变形为所需精度的非球面镜,可以避开大口径超薄非球面镜的制造难题。在分析了传统的非球面超薄镜最接近球面选择原则的基础上,提出了以非球面梯度作为选择原则的依据。针对一个实例,用非球面梯度法和最小二乘法分别求出两个最接近球面并对它们进行有限元法的变形分析,对它们变形后的面形精度和最大应力进行了比较。结果表明,在相同的边界条件、加载个数和加载位置的条件下,以非球面梯度法求出的最接近球面在变形后不仅应力小,且更有利于提高面形精度。     

Optimal design of acoustic performance for automotive air-cleaner

The research on optimal design of acoustic performance for air-cleaner was presented and evaluated in this paper using a numerical simulation method and experimental method. A modified measurement was proposed in the paper to solve the problem of air flow noise caused by the original measurement layout. The modified measurement was proved to produce good results. A new study on the acoustic effect of filter was also developed here and noise reduction (NR) of the air-cleaner was predicted based on the study using the numerical simulation method. Actual intake noise was then predicted using the simulation method. Side branch silencers were designed to improve the acoustic capacity of the air-cleaner. The result shows that the newly optimized air-cleaner has a much better performance of noise elimination when engine operating.     

Optimal design method for magnetization directions of a permanent magnet array

In many magnetic systems, the permanent magnet (PM) pattern has a great influence on their performance. This study proposes a systematic optimization method for designing discrete magnetization directions. While previous works have been mostly dependent on researchers’ intuition, the developed method is systematic and can be applied to a two-dimensional PM-type eddy current brake model. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed, where the design’s aim is to maximize the braking force on a moving conductor. The sensitivity analysis is accomplished by the adjoint variable method and the sequential linear programming is used as an optimizer. Several optimization results for various conditions through the proposed design method are compared to each other and the optimal magnet configuration for an eddy current brake is suggested.     

大型轻质反射镜加工支撑状态的有限元分析研究

根据大型轻质镜加工过程中的受力情况 ,用有限元对镜子进行静力学分析和计算。分别计算了镜子的自重、磨盘正压力、磨盘剪切力等对镜面变形的影响情况。根据镜面变形规律设计了一系列支撑结构 ,最终确定了符合面形质量要求的支撑结构。     

大口径主镜轻量化结构参数的优化设计

针对空间遥感器中大口径主镜的轻量化结构设计引入了基于Kriging近似模型的多目标遗传优化方法,以2 m口径SiC主镜为例对其轻量化结构参数进行了优化设计。采用拉丁超立方法对优化参数进行试验设计,建立了Kriging模型,并用多目标遗传算法迭代求得了最优解。优化后得到了质量为243 kg的2 m口径SiC主镜,其面形精度达到了25.7 nm PV,4.7 nm RMS,轻量化率为84%。试验结果验证了此优化设计方法的可行性,为大口径主镜的轻量化结构参数优化设计提供了借鉴和参考。     

Numerical and experimental studies on housing optimization for noise reduction of an axial piston pump

This paper presents a methodology to reduce the noise of an axial piston pump through modification of the housing structure, combined with both numerical and experimental methods. The finite element models of the housing and cover are established, and are assembled together. The finite element models are validated and updated using experimental modal analysis. The frequency response function of the assembly is calculated, and the shell element in the inner surfaces of the housing is added. The effects of the thickness of the shell element on the frequency response function are identified. A topology optimization is conducted for the purpose of reducing the frequency response function and the increase of mass. The prototype pump is manufactured and assembled. Different experimental measurements are carried out, including the measurement of the vibration and the distributions of the sound pressure levels around the pump. Results show that the vibration and noise are reduced by using the optimized housing. In particular, the average sound pressure level is reduced by about 2 dB(A) at the discharge pressure of 250 bar, and the sound pressure level at the second harmonic is reduced significantly. The method proposed here can also be used for other kinds of displacement pumps.     

能动反射镜低频像差补偿能力分析

 采用Algor软件包并利用有限元法对37单元能动反射镜低频误差补偿能力进行了分析计算，确定了镜面厚度8mm，驱动器间距46mm，极头直径12mm等能动反射镜制造的关键参数。通过计算机仿真分析证明，基于这些参数所设计的能动反射镜可以对低频误差进行有效校正，校正精度的均方根值小于等于λ／８，从而可以为能动反射镜的制造提供理论依据。     

电子帘加速器中阴栅组件结构的数字化设计

 在电子帘加速器的电子枪阴栅组件的结构设计中引入有限元分析法，研究不同材料不同结构的阴栅组件的温度场及其分布，进而得到了优化的结构及热源参数。在以2.35kW电功率加载于直径为１mm的热源钨丝时，在发射体上获得了产生稳定电子束流所需的1 400~1 430℃的均匀温度场，设计结构的热效率达到75%。计算中采用了一种迭代方法，只需4次迭代计算就获得了收敛的计算结果，从而在计算中能够采用各材料准确的热物性参数，使计算过程简洁有效。     

变截面电流引线的漏热分析与优化设计

电流引线的漏热大小直接关系到超导设备的运行稳定性与运行成本。文中重点探讨了变截面引线在HTS电流引线优化设计中的应用,通过有限元法计算了不同规格的变截面引线的漏热大小,得出了变截面引线漏热与引线长度及截面积之间的变化规律。并为一个基于2G HTS的YBCO高温超导储能装置设计了曲线形扁铜带变截面电流引线。文中的计算结果对于变截面电流引线的优化设计提供了一定的参考价值。。     

1.5m级大口径标准镜面支撑系统的研究

现阶段科研检测仪器对光学镜面的面形精度要求越来越高.光学镜面的口径越大,自重导致的变形问题越严重.为了保证大口径标准镜在法线水平状态下的面形精度,提出了侧面钢带支撑和杠杆平衡重锤卸荷的组合支撑结构,与传统使用的钢带支撑、水银带支撑方式作了比较,并通过ansys有限元分析软件建立的模型对几种不同侧支撑方法进行了分析比较,...     

Finite element modelling of the elastic-plastic stress and strain state and lifetime of the belt chamber

Abstract

A special finite element method (FEM) programme has been developed, reflected all significant phenomena connected with assembly and exploration of the Belt chamber. A nonhomogeneous temperature field is taken into account. Isotropic, kinematic and mixed hardening rules can be considered.     

超高速摄影中三面体铝合金转镜的空间结构强度数值分析

 给出了3维弹性力学空间问题基本方程和有限元结构强度分析原理，分析了三面体铝合金转镜空间结构强度的力学特征，建立了有限元模型，分析了其在轴孔与轴的3种配合关系下的应力分布。结果表明轴孔严重削弱了镜体强度，而配合方式对转镜强度基本无影响。提出了减小转镜内部应力的无轴孔三面体铝合金转镜结构，在该结构下转镜强度提高了1.9倍，极限转速为原结构的1.7倍，适合于分幅式摄影系统。     

超高速摄影中弹性支撑转镜的模态分析

 提出了超高速摄影仪中弹性支撑转镜模态分析方法,利用有限元法对三面体铝合金转镜刚性支撑和弹性支撑情况下的一、二阶模态进行模拟,结果表明：电驱动转镜在转速工作范围内只有2个临界点,分别位于2.5×10⁵~2.6×⁵ r/min和2.6×10⁵~2.7×10⁵ r/min处, 并且均为一阶弯曲振动,一阶模态振动发生在垂直平面内,二阶发生在水平平面内。将模拟结果与实测值进行了比较,发现假设转镜为弹性支撑与实测值吻合得较好。     

A coupled edge-/face-based smoothed finite element method for structural-acoustic problems

The edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) and the face-based smoothed finite element method (FS-FEM) developed recently have shown great efficiency in solving solid mechanics problems with triangular and tetrahedral meshes. In this paper, a coupled ES-/FS-FEM model is extended to solve the structural-acoustic problems consisting of a plate structure interacting with the fluid medium. Three-node triangular elements and four-node tetrahedral elements are used to discretize the two-dimensional (2D) plate and three-dimensional (3D) fluid, respectively, as they can be generated easily and even automatically for complicated geometries. The field variable in each element is approximated using the linear shape functions, which is exactly the same as that in the standard FEM. The gradient field of the problem is obtained particularly using the gradient smoothing operation over the edge-based and face-based smoothing domains in 2D and 3D, respectively. The gradient smoothing technique can provide a proper softening effect to the model, effectively solve the problems caused by the well-known “overly-stiff” phenomenon existing in the standard FEM, and hence significantly improve the accuracy of the solution for the coupled systems. Intensive numerical studies have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the coupled ES-/FS-FEM for structural-acoustic problems.     

Level-set based topology optimization for electromagnetic dipole antenna design

This paper presents a level-set framework for a typical electromagnetic design problem of dipole antenna. In this study, the geometrical configuration of an antenna is represented by the zero-level contour of a higher-dimensional level-set function. The governing equation for the induced current flow on a metal surface is the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE), which takes into account the electric component of the incident wave. The design objective is formulated in terms of the surface current and incident electric field. The normal velocity of the level-set model, which reflects the sensitivity of the objective function, is derived from the adjoint variable method and shape derivative. By optimizing the objective function, the area with the highest current density, to which the voltage feeding should be applied, can be reshaped. The advantages of adopting the level-set technique for electromagnetic design lie in its capacity for capturing sophisticated topological changes and facilitation in mathematical representation of the design configuration. The demonstrative examples of dipole antenna design show that the level-set method results in a fairly smooth optimization process, where the vacuum/metal interface gradually attains its optimal configuration. A series of design cases with self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint sensitivity analyses are studied and compared to the benchmarking problems in dipole antenna.     

Optimal design and lifetime calculation of the belt chamber by finite element method

Abstract

A mixed numerical-analytical method for an optimal strength design is presented. Optimal number n of components and optimal radii r_j are calculated for an equivalent cylindrical model of the compound vessel. An iterative numerical method is proposed for evaluation of optimal overlaps Δr_j. A finite element method (FEM) elastic-plastic program has been developed to estimate the vessel lifetime.