容量稀土镁基贮氢合金的制备及性能研究

采用快淬法制备稀土镁基贮氢合金.研究了覆盖剂,以及镁含量、热处理工艺对合金电性能的影响.当镁含量为1.09wt%时,0.2C放电容量＞380mAh/g,以2C充放,循环寿命＞500次.经XRD分析,贮氢合金具有纳米晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸＜50nm.PCT测试结果表明,随着温度升高,合金的平台压力增加,平台区域变宽,且平坦.     

硼掺杂对稀土贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了用B掺杂替代Al对AB5型稀土贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。对M1Ni3．55Co0．75Mn0.4Al0．3-xBx（x=0，0．1，0．2，0．3）合金的研究结果表明：掺B后贮氢合金出现了CeCo4B第二相，导致贮氢合金的电化学容量下降；随B含量的增加和Al含量的减少，氢的扩散系数明显上升，合金的极化电阻减小，合金的高倍率放电性能和低温性能得到明显改善。     

镍氢动力电池用AB5型贮氢合金热处理工艺的研究

本文对镍氢动力电池用AB5型纳米晶贮氢合金热处理工艺进行了研究.分别采用X射线衍射、金相、PCI测试手段分析热处理后贮氢合金的微观结构与吸放氢动力学性能.贮氢合金的电性能测试结果表明,经过950℃×6 h热处理的贮氢合金,10C放电比容量可以达到241mAh/g,循环寿命大于500次,分别以7C,10C放电,高倍率放电率(HRD)为92.5%,85.2%.将贮氢合金粉组装成电池进行测试,2min后,放电平台电压为1.143V,以10C放电,300次循环后,电池容量衰减率较小.     

测试技术在稀土贮氢合金研究中的应用

本文较为详细地介绍了研究稀土贮氢合金性能过程中几种常用的测试技术。在贮氢合金组织结构方面，应用XRD、SEM和金相测试技术，研究贮氢合金的相结构，通过有关公式计算合金晶粒尺寸，以及反映热处理工艺前后相结构、晶粒形貌、晶界的变化情况。在贮氢合金吸放氢机理方面，通过将贮氢合金粉制作成微电极，采用恒电位阶跃、交流阻抗、循环伏安电化学测试技术，研究稀土贮氢合金电极反应的动力学性能，计算合金电极的交换电流密度、氢扩散系数及固／液界面电荷传递电阻等参数；采用PCT测试仪，研究贮氢合金的储氢量、平衡氢压等性能。在贮氢合金电化学性能方面，通过采用模拟电池测试技术，研究贮氢合金的活化、放电容量、放电平台、循环等性能。     

贮氢合金LaNi_（3．8）Co_（0．5）Mn_（0．4）Al_（0．3）表面

贮氢合金ＬａＮｉ_（３．８）Ｃｏ_（０．５）Ｍｎ_（０．４）Ａｌ_（０．３）表面化学镀镍的研究张允什，陈军（南开大学新能源材料化学研究所，天津，３０００７１）关键词贮氢合金，化学镀镍，镍／氢电池目前，稀土系贮氢合金应用于镍／金属氢化物（镍／氢）电池存在的...     

测试技术在稀土贮氢合金研究中的应用

本文较为详细地介绍了研究稀土贮氢合金性能过程中几种常用的测试技术.在贮氢合金组织结构方面,应用XRD、SEM和金相测试技术,研究贮氢合金的相结构,通过有关公式计算合金晶粒尺寸,以及反映热处理工艺前后相结构、晶粒形貌、晶界的变化情况.在贮氢合金吸放氢机理方面,通过将贮氢合金粉制作成微电极,采用恒电位阶跃、交流阻抗、循环伏安电化学测试技术,研究稀土贮氢合金电极反应的动力学性能,计算合金电极的交换电流密度、氢扩散系数及固/液界面电荷传递电阻等参数;采用PCT测试仪,研究贮氢合金的储氢量、平衡氢压等性能.在贮氢合金电化学性能方面,通过采用模拟电池测试技术,研究贮氢合金的活化、放电容量、放电平台、循环等性能.     

MlNi5-xSnx合金贮氢性能研究

研究了富镧混合稀土贮氢合金ＭｌＮｉ５ 及加Ｓｎ 后对合金的结构、活化性能、吸氢容量和平衡氢压等性能的影响。通过Ｘ 射线衍射分析进行物相分析， 测试了２９８ ，３１３，３３３ Ｋ 温度下合金的吸、放氢ＰＣＴ曲线。结果表明，ＭｌＮｉ５ － ｘＳｎｘ 合金（ｘ＝０ ～０．４） 为六方晶体结构的单相组织。以Ｓｎ 部分取代Ｎｉ 改善了ＭｌＮｉ５ 的活化特性， 并使平台压力降低， 吸、放氢滞后减小。随着Ｓｎ 含量增加， 晶胞体积增大， 平衡氢压降低， 生成热减小， 氢化物稳定性提高。而少量的Ｓｎ 对吸氢能力降低较小， 是理想的替代元素。     

富镧混合稀土贮氢合金分离氢中Kr,Xe性能的研究

叙述Ｍ１Ｎｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５贮氢合金分离氢中氪、氙的基本原理，分了分离时氢中氪、浓度与分离温度的关系。结果表明，当Ｔ为２９８Ｋ时，贮氢合金Ｎ１Ｎｉ４．５Ａｌ０．５与ＴｉＦｅ０．８６Ｍｎ０．１的分离性能基本相似，分离浓度与放氢体积符合Ｎ＝ａｅ＾－ｂｒ方程。     

铈添加对Ti26．5Cr20（V45Fe8．5）0．98Si2合金结构及储氢性能的影响

通过XRD,SEM,恒温等容储氢性能测试等方法,研究了Ce添加对Ti265Cr20（V45Fe8．5）098Si2Cex（x=0～2．0％（原子分数））合金结构及储氢性能的影响。结果表明,Ti26．5Cr20（V45Fe85）0.98Si2Cex（x=0～2．0％）合金为BCC和C14 Laves相双相合金,随合金中Ce添加量的增加,合金的晶格常数增大,而合金中C14 Laves相的含量减少,平衡压从0．233MPa降低到0．167MPa,合金的吸氢动力学性能得到改善,最大吸氢量也由3．08％增加至3．19％（质量分数）,PCT曲线的平台斜率减小。合金的储氢性能的改善与Ce的加入抑制了部分C14Laves相的析出,减少了合金中C14Laves相的含量密切相关。     

退火处理对快淬贮氢合金显微组织及电化学性能的影响

研究了退火处理对快淬贮氢合金电化学性能的影响。分析并讨论了退火处理的影响机制。快淬贮氢合金经退火处理后，P-C-T平台更为平坦，活化性能得到改善，最大放电容量和循环稳定性提高。通过XRD，SEM，DTA分析发现，退火处理后合金单胞体积有所增大，内应力降低，合金成分趋于均匀，从而使合金的电化学性能得到改善。加热过程中，合金在温度高于696℃发生再结晶。     

镁含量对RE-Mg-Ni系A2B7型储氢合金结构与性能的影响

采用感应熔炼方法制备了La0.8-xGd0.2MgxNi3.1Co0.3Al0.1(x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4)储氢合金, 并在氩气气氛和1173 K下进行退火处理. 合金相结构分析结果表明, 镁含量(x)较低时合金以Ce2Ni7型为主相结构, A2B7型相丰度(Ce2Ni7+Gd2Co7)达到98.8%; 镁含量较高时合金相由A2B7型、 CaCu5型和PuNi3型物相构成, 随着镁含量的增加, PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成逐渐增多, 其晶胞参数随Mg含量的增加而减小, 同时合金的吸氢平台也随之升高. 电化学测试结果表明, 随着合金中Mg含量增加, 合金电极的最大放电容量和循环稳定性均呈先增大后减小的规律, 其中x=0.15时合金电极具有最高的电化学放电容量(393 mA·h/g)和最佳的循环寿命(S100=92.82%). 合金电极的高倍率放电性能(HRD)随Mg含量的增加先减小再增大然后又减小, 适量的Mg元素改善了合金电极的动力学性能.     

Microstructural properties of sintered Al–Cu–Mg–Sn alloys

A non-commercial Al4Cu0.5Mg alloy has been used for investigating the effects of the elemental Sn additions. Uniaxial die compaction response of the alloys in terms of green density was examined, and the results showed that Sn addition has no effect when compacting conducted under high pressures. In total, 93–95% green density was achieved with an applied pressure of 400 MPa. Thermal events occurring during the sintering of the emerging alloys were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). First thermal event on the DSC analysis of the Al4Cu0.5Mg1Sn alloy is the melting of elemental Sn, whereas for Al4Cu0.5Mg alloy, it is the formation of Al–Mg liquid nearly at 450 °C. Also it is clearly seen on the DSC analysis that Sn addition led to an increase in the formation enthalpy of Al–Mg liquid phase. High Sn content and high sintering temperature (620 °C), therefore high liquid-phase content, caused decrease on the mechanical properties due to thick intergranular phases and grain coarsening. Highest transverse rupture strength and hardness values were obtained from Al4Cu0.5Mg0.1Sn alloy sintered at 600 °C and measured as 390 MPa and 73 HB, respectively.     

青海高原道地药材羌活和铁棒锤微量元素含量比较研究

为研究青海高原道地药材羌活和铁棒锤的特性,采用电热板消解法处理样品,原子吸收分光光度法测定了两种药材中Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种金属元素的含量。结果表明,Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种微量元素含量在两种道地药材中,含量最高的是Ca,平均值分别为(55.78±12.10)mg/g和(26.48±5.79)mg/g;含量最低的元素为Cu,其值分别为(0.28±0.28)mg/g和(0.09±0.06)mg/g;其它元素含量从高到低依次为Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn。可见不同地区的羌活其微量元素的含量有明显的差异,且羌活微量元素含量也存在种间差异,细叶羌活的Ca、Mg元素含量比宽叶羌活的要低,相反,Fe,Cu,Zn 3种元素含量细叶羌活的比宽叶的要高。     

Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.85Co0.15合金的石墨粉及镍粉球磨表面包覆性能

选用非晶态的Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.85Co0.15合金粉末与石墨粉及镍粉进行球磨表面包覆。SEM分析结果表明,己包覆石墨和镍粉的合金表面上吸附着一层小的颗粒,形成薄层将原来的合金表面包覆起来。使用XPS分析了合金表面元素。结果表明,包覆石墨粉后,合金表面碳元素的质量分数和原子分数均增加,Mg的质量分数从22.74%减小至22.23%,原子分数从36.43%减小到32.94%,从而减小了Mg在碱液中的腐蚀几率,提高合金的抗腐蚀性能;包覆镍粉后,合金表面Ni的质量分数由59.89%增加到60.04%,原子分数由40.63%增加到41.02%,形成合金表面富Ni的保护层,提高了合金的抗腐蚀性能。充放电循环测试表明,循环30周后,包覆石墨粉的合金电极容量保持率为32.05%,包覆镍粉的合金电极容量保持率为41.26%,而未包覆的电极容量保持率仅为17.88%。合金电极极化曲线测试结果表明,石墨或镍粉的包覆提高了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.85Co0.15合金电极的循环稳定性和在KOH碱液中的抗腐蚀性能。     

Liquid phase formation of alkyl- and perfluoro-phosphonic acid derived monolayers on magnesium alloy AZ31 and their chemical properties

Alkyl- and perfluoro-phosphonic acid derived SAMs were successfully formed on Mg alloy by liquid phase method for the first time. The chemical and anticorrosive properties of the prepared SAMs on magnesium alloys were characterized using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical measurements. Water contact angle measurements revealed that the maximum advancing/receding water contact angles of n-octyl (OP: CH(3)(CH(2))(7)PO(OH)(2)), n-dodecyl (DP: CH(3)(CH(2))(11)PO(OH)(2)), n-octadecyl (ODP: CH(3)(CH(2))(17)PO(OH)(2)) phosphonic acid, and 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl (PFEP: CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CH(2)CH(2)PO(OH)(2)) phosphonic acid were 105.1/64.7°, 108.3/69.6°, 111.9/75.2°, and 115.2/67.4° respectively. In the case of alkylphosphonic acid SAMs (OP, DP, and ODP), the advancing and receding water contact angles increased with an increase in the preparation time. The angle-resolved XPS (AR-XPS) data revealed that the film thicknesses of the OP, DP, ODP, PFEP on Mg alloy were estimated to be 0.8, 1.2, 1.7, and 1.1 nm, respectively. The XPS O 1s data support that the phosphonic acid derived SAM is covalently bound to the oxide or hydroxide surface of the Mg alloy in a monodenate or bidenate manner. Chemical stability of the alkyl- and perfluoro-phosphonic acid modified Mg alloy surfaces was investigated using aqueous solutions at pH=4.0, 7.0, and 10.0. The contact angles of OP, DP, and PFEP modified Mg surface decreased rapidly within the first 5 min after immersion in all the aqueous solutions and were less than 20°. On the other hand, the contact angles of the ODP modified Mg alloy after immersion in aqueous solutions at pH 4, 7 and 10 for 5 min were 45.1°, 89.3,° and 85.5°, respectively. The ODP modified Mg alloy had highest chemical stability in four types of the phosphonic acid derived SAMs used in this study, indicating that the molecular density of ODP on Mg alloy would be higher than those of OP, DP, PFEP on Mg alloy. The corrosion resistance of ODP modified Mg alloy was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements. The ODP modified Mg alloy exhibits protective properties in a solution containing Cl(-) ions compared to unmodified Mg alloy.     

镁铜合金储氢材料的制备及对高氯酸铵热分解过程的影响

采用置换-扩散法制备了镁铜合金储氢材料(Mg2Cu-H), 并对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, Mg2Cu经过氢化得到的镁铜合金储氢材料不是单一晶相, 而是MgCu2和MgH2的混合物. 用热分析法(DSC)研究了镁铜合金储氢材料对固体火箭推进剂常用氧化剂——高氯酸铵(AP)热分解过程的影响. 结果表明, 镁铜合金储氢材料可以显著促进AP的热分解过程, 加快热分解速率, 降低高温热分解温度, 使DSC表观分解热明显增大. Mg2Cu-H对AP热分解过程的促进作用明显强于Mg2Cu. 随着加入量增加, 镁铜合金储氢材料对AP热分解的催化促进作用增强. 探讨了镁铜合金储氢材料促进AP热分解过程的作用机制.     

Effects of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O nanocrystals

Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O ternary alloy nanocrystals with hexagonal wurtzite structures were fabricated by using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction patterns, UV-vis absorption spectra, and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the structural and optical properties of the nanocrystals. For as-prepared nanocrystals, the band gap increases with increasing Mg content. Weak excitonic emission with strong deep-level emission related to oxygen vacancy and interface defects is observed in the photoluminescence spectra at room temperature. Thermal annealing in oxygen was used to decrease the number of defects and to improve the quality of the nanocrystals. In terms of XRD results, the grain sizes of nanocrystals increase with increasing annealing temperature and the lattice constants of alloy are smaller than those of pure ZnO. The band gap becomes narrower with increasing annealing temperature. For Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O nanocrystals (x=0.03-0.15) annealed at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000 degrees C, intense near-band-edge (NBE) emissions and weak deep-level (DL) emissions are observed. Consequently, the quality of Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O nanocrystals can be improved by thermal annealing.     

富镧混合稀土变质的A357合金

采用富镧混合稀土对Al-Si-Mg系A357合金进行了变质处理，研究了稀土变质对合金铸态、热处理态的组织、力学性质及含氢量的影响，并与锶变质处理进行了比较，富镧混合稀土比锶有更强的变质A357合金中共晶硅的能力，更好的除氢效果和综合力学性能，稀土变质可获得高强韧性的Al-Si-Mg合金。     

Ternary MgTiX-alloys: a promising route towards low-temperature, high-capacity, hydrogen-storage materials

In the search for hydrogen-storage materials with a high gravimetric capacity, Mg(y)Ti((1-y)) alloys, which exhibit excellent kinetic properties, form the basis for more advanced compounds. The plateau pressure of the Mg--Ti--H system is very low (approximately 10(-6) bar at room temperature). A way to increase this pressure is by destabilizing the metal hydride. The foremost effect of incorporating an additional element in the binary Mg--Ti system is, therefore, to decrease the stability of the metal hydride. A model to calculate the effect on the thermodynamic stability of alloying metals was developed by Miedema and co-workers. Adopting this model offers the possibility to select promising elements beforehand. Thin films consisting of Mg and Ti with Al or Si were prepared by means of e-beam deposition. The electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique was used to obtain pressure-composition isotherms for these ternary materials and these isotherms reveal a reversible hydrogen-storage capacity of more than 6 wt. %. In line with the calculations, substitution of Mg and Ti by Al or Si indeed shifts the plateau pressure of a significant part of the isotherms to higher pressures, while remaining at room temperature. It has been proven that, by controlling the chemistry of the metal alloy, the thermodynamic properties of Mg-based hydrides can be regulated over a wide range. Hence, the possibility to increase the partial hydrogen pressure, while maintaining a high gravimetric capacity creates promising opportunities in the field of hydrogen-storage materials, which are essential for the future of the hydrogen economy.     

Corrosion behavior of Mg,AZ31, and AZ91 alloys in dilute NaCl solutions

Corrosion behavior of extruded Mg, extruded AZ31 alloy, and cast AZ91 alloy was investigated by electrochemical measurements in dilute NaCl solutions. Corrosion products and passivation films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All specimens exhibit the corrosion and passivation zones in dilute NaCl solutions. The aluminum content and alloy microstructure influence the corrosion and passivation processes. AZ91 alloy shows the broadest passivation zone followed by AZ31 alloy and Mg. AZ91 alloy reveals a highest corrosion resistance, and preferential attack is located at the primary Mg phase. Its relatively fine β-phase (Mg₁₇Al₁₂) network and Al₂O₃/Al(OH)₃ compounds produced on the passivation film are the main factors which limit the corrosion progress as compared with AZ31 alloy and Mg. The thick passivation product on AZ31 alloy is the key factor which restricts the corrosion attack in dilute solutions.