Utilizing Non-ferrous Metal Tailings to Propare Ni/SiO2 -CaO-Fe2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Reforming of CH4 to Syngas

以尾矿为载体原料,经不同温度焙烧预处理、等体积浸渍制备了一系列负载型Ni/SiO2-CaO-Fe2O3催化剂并用于CO2重整CH4制合成气,重点考察了载体原料的焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响.用ICP-AES,XRD测定了有色金属尾矿的成分,用H2-TPR,CO2-TPD,TPO等对催化剂的还原性能、吸附性能、抗积炭性能进行了表征.结果表明,载体原料经850℃焙烧后所负载的镍催化剂在800℃条件下CO2转化率为78.5%,CH4转化率为71.2%,CO和H2选择性分别达到92.2%,89.5%.     

冷等离子体作用下CH_4-CO_2转化制合成气

在常温常压条件下 ,利用电晕放电 ,使 CH4 - CO2 混合气转化生成合成气 .结果表明 ,该过程中 CH4 和 CO2 的转化率与反应体系能量密度、原料气配比和流速等有关 .在 0 .1MPa气压 ,能量密度为 10 50 k J/ mol(反应体系温度低于 50 0 K) ,n( CH4 )∶ n( CO2 ) =1∶ 2条件下 CH4 和 CO2 的转化率分别超过 60 %和 50 % ,超出了热力学平衡转化率的限制 .通过调配原料的配比 ,可以得到不同 n( H2 ) / n( CO)比值的产物 .对该体系的反应机理进行了探讨 .     

Ni/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷水蒸气重整反应的研究

研究了Ni/ZrO2催化剂对甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气的反应性能。考察了催化剂的还原温度、载体焙烧温度以及反应温度、原料配比和空速等对催化剂性能的影响。利用XRD、TEM、XPS等手段对催化剂的织构形貌进行了表征。研究表明，Ni/ZrO2催化剂用于甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气不仅具有较高的活性，也具有较好的稳定性。水蒸气比增加，CH4转化率增大、CO选择性下降。CH4转化率及CO选择性均随空速增大而下降。使用10%Ni/ZrO2催化剂，在650 ℃、空速1.984×104 h－1、原料气配比H2O∶CH4∶N2=2∶1∶2.67的条件下，获得CH4转化率85%、CO选择性70%的结果。     

焙烧温度对有色金属尾矿载体及Ni基催化剂的性能影响

以尾矿为载体原料,经不同温度焙烧预处理、等体积浸渍制备了一系列负载型Ni/SiO2-CaO-Fe2O3催化剂并用于CO2重整CH4制合成气,重点考察了载体原料的焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响.用ICP-AES,XRD测定了有色金属尾矿的成分,用H2-TPR,CO2-TPD,TPO等对催化剂的还原性能、吸附性能、抗积炭性能进行了表征.结果表明,载体原料经850℃焙烧后所负载的镍催化剂在800℃条件下CO2转化率为78.5%,CH4转化率为71.2%,CO和H2选择性分别达到92.2%,89.5%.     

Effect of Hydrogen or Syngas Addition on Light Alkene Production by the Catalytic Oxidative Cracking of Hexane 氢气/合成气添加对正己烷催化氧化裂解制低碳烯烃反应的影响

 采用0.1%Pt/MgAl2O4催化剂研究了H2或合成气的添加对高碳烷烃模型化合物正己烷氧化裂解制低碳烯烃反应的影响. 添加H2实验中,随n(H2)/n(O2)从0增加到3,产物中COx的选择性迅速由22.4%降到4.3%,低碳烯烃的选择性则从61.5%增加到73.8%,正己烷的转化率从62.0%增加到72.8%. 添加合成气对低碳烯烃和CO选择性的影响与添加H2的影响相同,只是添加合成气时正己烷的转化率下降了6%左右. 添加合成气的正己烷氧化裂解过程可提供组成可调的产物(含有低碳烯烃、H2和CO),可不经分离直接用作加氢甲酰化生产低碳烯烃衍生物过程的原料.     

Rh/SiO_2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应机理

采用原位Raman光谱技术,在原料气中的O2未完全耗尽的条件下,对CH4部分氧化制合成气反应的Rh/SiO2催化剂床层前部贵金属物种的化学态以及由CH4解离所生成的碳物种进行了表征.在此基础上采用脉冲反应和同位素示踪技术,比较了CH4的部分氧化及其与H2O和CO2的重整等反应对催化剂床层氧化区内CO和H2生成的相对贡献,并将实验结果与Ra-man光谱表征结果进行了关联.结果表明,在600°C下将还原后的4%Rh/SiO2催化剂切入CH4:O2:Ar=2:1:45原料气,催化剂床层前部未检测到铑氧化物的Raman谱峰,但可清晰检测到源于CH4解离的碳物种;在700°C和接触时间小于1ms的条件下,催化剂床层的氧化区内已有大量CO和H2生成,在相同的实验条件下,CH4与H2O或CO2重整反应对氧化区内合成气生成的贡献则很小;以CH4:16O2:H218O:He=2:1:2:95为原料气的同位素示踪实验结果表明,在原料气中16O2未完全耗尽的情况下,反应产物中C16O的含量占CO生成总量的92.3%,表明CO主要来自CH4的部分氧化反应.上述结果均表明,在O2存在下Rh/SiO2催化剂上CO和H2可以通过CH4直接解离和部分氧化机理生成.     

制备条件对MoS2/Al2O3耐硫甲烷化催化剂性能的影响

本文研究了前驱体MoO_3的负载量、浸渍温度和焙烧温度等制备条件对Mo S2/Al_2O_3耐硫甲烷化催化剂性能的影响,并通过XRD和H2-TPR表征了催化剂的物相和还原性能。结果表明,随着负载量增加,MoO_3与Al_2O_3间的相互作用增强,Al2(Mo O4)3相增多,导致催化剂更难被还原硫化,MoO_3还原温度升高。浸渍温度对CO转化率和CH4选择性有一定的影响,浸渍温度为70℃时,MoO_3的生成增多,且还原温度最低,CO转化率较高,而CH4选择性和CO_2选择性变化不大。随着焙烧温度升高,CO转化率先升高后降低,对CH4和CO_2选择性影响不大,其中以450℃焙烧的CO转化率最高,600℃焙烧的CO转化率最低。当焙烧温度在400~450℃时,Al2(Mo O4)3和Mo4O11的特征峰基本上消失,能够完全生成MoO_3,且结晶度较好。因此,合适的焙烧温度为400~450℃。     

助剂调变对CoO／γ-Al2O3催化性能的影响

采用XRD、TPR和催化活性评价等技术,考察了负载型CoO催化剂的表面特征和其对CH4与CO2重整制合成气反应的催化性能.实验结果表明,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃时制备的11.0%CoO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在反应温度为750 ℃和空速(GHSV)为2 500 h-1下,对CH4和CO2转化反应具有最佳的催化初活性,而大量的Co3O4晶粒的存在能导致催化剂因积炭而快速失去活性.CaO、MgO和La2O3助剂的添加能有效地改善其催化剂的抗积炭能力和还原性能,CoO/(CaO-γ-Al2O3)催化剂显示出最佳的催化反应稳定性,在750 ℃、GHSV=2 500 h-1、CH4/CO2原料比为1:1下,连续反应100 h催化剂活性较为稳定.CoO/(CaO-γ-Al2O3)和CoO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表面特性本质上是不相同的.     

Effects of calcination and reduction temperature on the performance of Co-Pt-ZrO2/γ-A12O3 catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

采用浸渍法制备了Co-Pt-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,对其进行了BET、XRD和TPR等表征,并在浆态床反应器上考察了焙烧温度和还原温度对催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度过高,容易造成Co物种和载体间的相互作用增强,使部分氧化钻颗粒聚集或烧结,导致催化剂的F-T合成反应活性和C5+烃选择性降低.还原温度较低时,钴物种不能充分还原,CO加氢活性低,甲烷选择性高,重质烃选择性低;还原温度过高,则可能造成活性物种的烧结,反而降低了催化剂的活性和重质烃选择性.在原料气n(H2)/n( CO)=2.0、483 K、2.4 MPa和空速3.6 L/( gcat·h)的条件下,31.08％ Co～0.11％Pt ～ 7.16％ ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂在673 K焙烧.纯H2下653 K还原后,其费托性能最佳;CO转化率为27.0％,C5+的选择性为83.0％.     

反应条件对Mo2C/Al2O3催化的POM制合成气的影响

考察了反应温度、气体空速和进料中CH4：O2比值对Mo2C／Al2O3催化的POM反应制合成气的影响．结果发现较高的温度具有较高的甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性；而在较低的温度下，对CO的选择性比对H2的影响更大．反应气体的空速较小时对于甲烷的转化率、CO和H2的选择性是有利的；而在较高的气体空速下，氢气的选择性则更低．进料中CH4：O2比值稍高于2：1时有利于获得高的甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性．并且还可以增加催化剂的稳定性．当CH4：O2比值低于2：1时．甲烷转化率、CO和H2选择性随反应的进行急剧下降．而当此比值调整到高于2：1时．转化率和选择件都可以得到恢复。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.