大距离Heegaard分解的三穿孔球面和

设$M_i~(i=1,2)$是一个紧致可定向的三维流形, $F_i$是$M_i$边界上的一个不可压缩曲面, $M=M_{1}\cup_{f}M_{2}$, 其中$f$是$F_1$到$F_2$一个同胚,对于具有特定条件的相粘曲面$F_i$, 如果$M_i$具有一个Heegaard距离至少是$2(g(M_1)+g(M_2))+1$的Heegaard分解,则$g(M)=g(M_1)+g(M_2)$.     

组合群论中的一个定理

Let F= F(X) be a free group of rand n, A be a finite subset of F(X) and x∈X be a generator. The theorem states that x can be denoted as a rotation-inserting word of A if x is in the normal closure of A in F(X). Finally, an application of the theorem in Heegaard splitting of 3manifolds is given.     

Heegaard分解的重新分块

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半代数集的一个计数定理及其应用

给出半代数集基数的计数原理和不可约紧代数流形上Euler示性数及亏格的算法.     

Heegaard splittings 的曲面连通和

Suppose Mi = Vi ∪ Wi （i = 1,2） are Heegaard splittings. A homeomorphism f ： F1 → F2 produces an attached manifold M = M1 ∪F1=F2 M2, where Fi ∪→ δ_Wi. In this paper we define a surface sum of Heegaard splittings induced from the Heegaard splittings of M1 and M2, and give a sufficient condition when the surface sum of Heegaard splitting is stabilized. We also give examples showing that the surface sum of Heegaard splittings can be unstabilized. This indicates that the surface sum of Heegaard splittings and the amalgamation of Heegaard splittings can give different Heegaard structures.     

Heegaaed分解有不交曲线性质的一个充分条件

In the paper,we give two conditions that the Heegaard splitting admits the disjoint cnrve property.The main result is that for a genus g(g≥2)strongly irreducible Heegaard splitting(C1,C2;F),let Di be an essential disk in Ci,i=1,2,satisfying(1)at least one of (の)D4 and (の)D2 is separating in F and |(の)D1 (∩)(の)D2|≤ 2g-1;or(2)both (の)D1 and (の)D2 are non-separating in F and |(の)D1 (∩)(の)D2|≤ 2g-2,then(C1,C2;F)has the disjoint curve property.     

Thin Position of Heegaard Splittings

§１．ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄａｎｄＭａｉｎＲｅｓｕｌｔｓＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｋｎｏｔｓｉｎｔｈｅ３－ｓｐｈｅｒｅｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙＧａｂａｉ［１］，ｍａｎｙｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｄｅａｌ...     

具有有限组不相交压缩圆片的Heegaard分解

设$V\cup_SW$是一个闭的三维流形亏格为$g$的, 弱可约的Heegaard分解, 并且在合痕意义下只有有限组位于曲面不同侧的不相交的压缩圆片, 则它存在一个广义的Heegaard分解: $V\cup_SW=(V_1\cup_{S_1}W_1)\cup_F(W_2\cup_{S_2}V_2)$, 并且满足对于每个$i=1,2$, 压缩体$W_i$都只有一个分离的压缩圆片且$d(S_i)\geq 2$. 进一步的, 如果有有限且多于1组不相交的压缩圆片, 则至少一个$d(S_i)$等于2, 并且Heegaard曲面满足临界性质.     

On Separation Index of Heegaard Splittings

§１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｒｅｄｕｃｉｂｌｅＨｅｅｇａａｒｄｓｐｌｉｔｉｎｇｓｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙＨａｋｅｎ［１］．Ｉｔｓｒｅｌａ－ｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ３－ｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｓｃｏｎ...     

The pants sum of high distance Heegaard splittings简

Let Mi be a compact orientable 3-manifold, and Fi be an incompressible surface on δMi, i -= 1,2. Let f ： F1 →F2 be a homeomorphism, and M = M1 UI M2. In this paper, under certain assumptions for the attaching surface Fi, we show that if both M1 and M2 have Heegaavd splittings with distance at least 2（g（M1）＋ g（M2））＋ 1, then g（M） = g（M1）＋g（M2）.     

Bounded 3-manifolds with Distance n Heegaard Splittings

We prove that for any integer n≥2 and g ≥ 2, there are bounded 3-manifolds admitting distance n, genus g Heegaard splittings with any given bound-aries.