液相色谱-串联质谱法测定紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡(TMT)、三苯基锡(TPhT)和三丁基锡(TBT)的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V/V)混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液(7∶3,V/V)定容,经活性炭净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(55∶45,V/V),流速为0.3mL/min。在正离子模式下采用多重反应模式(MRM)进行监测。有机锡化合物在1~100ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9902~0.9918之间,TMT、TPhT和TBT的检测限分别为0.2ng/mL、0.4ng/mL和0.2ng/mL。在25、75ng/mL两个添加水平下回收率在72.3%~98.0%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于8.1%。该方法可用于紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物的同时测定。     

（Z）—3—三苯基锡基—1,1—二苯基烯丙醇的合成,晶体结构和？…

合成并表征了５种新的有机锡化合物，测定了（Ｚ）－３－三苯基锡基－１，１－二苯基烯丙醇的晶体结构。晶体属于Ｐ２１／ｎ空间群，晶胸参数ａ＝１．２３５７（３）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．９８７４（２）ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．２０８１（２）ｎｍ，β＝９５．２３（３）°，Ｚ＝４，分子结构是以锡为中心的畸变四面体构型，双键为顺式构型，并对其性质进行了研究。     

微量法测定有机锡化合物中锡的含量

随着金属有机化学的不断发展,金属有机化合物中金属元素的分析显得日益重要。本微量法是用混合酸快速分解有机锡化合物,以EDTA络合剂和四价锡离子所生成的稳定的Sn~(+4)-EDTA络合物为依据,其过量的EDTA,用Pb(NO_3)_2、CuSO_4、ZnAc_2或La(NO_3)_3为滴定剂进行回滴,均得到准确的分析结果。此方法简单、快速、极易掌握操作技术;滴定     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定白酒中三丁基锡和三苯基锡

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定白酒中三丁基锡(TBT)和三苯基锡(TPhT)的分析新方法。10mL酒样经氮吹浓缩至3mL,用甲醇定容到10mL,再经0.22"m有机滤膜过滤。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为体积比60∶40的甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液,流速为0.3mL/min,在正离子模式下采用多重反应监测(MRM)进行分析。两组分在3min内完全分离,该方法在1～100ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均优于0.9992,TBT和TPhT的检测限分别为0.0002ng/mL和0.003ng/mL。在5、20、50ng/mL三个添加水平下回收率在77.5%～92.3%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于10.08%。该方法灵敏度高、简便,准确可靠,可用于白酒中TBT和TPhT的同时测定,效果良好。     

海水体系中黑碳吸附三丁基锡的行为与机理

在700,400℃条件下热解碳化杉木制得2种黑碳(BC700和BC400).研究了海水体系中,pH和盐度影响下2种黑碳(BC)对三丁基锡(TBT)的吸附行为与机理.实验结果表明,BC700的比表面积较大,BC400的有机质含量较高.盐度的增加(5～35 g/kg)使BC表面净电荷降低,静电作用减弱;但同时导致盐析效应增强,使TBT的有效浓度增大,综合结果导致2种BC对TBT的吸附增加了1.03～2.12倍.当溶液pH为4.00和6.25时,TBT以离子(TBT+)和中性(TBT)形态共同存在,而在pH为8.00时几乎全为中性态,分子形态的不同导致TBT与BC间的作用机理发生变化.TBT的最大吸附发生在pH=6.25时,这是静电作用、物理吸附和疏水分配等多种机制共同作用的结果.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析结果表明,Sn3d5/2峰结合能随着pH的降低而增加,证明TBT与BC之间存在静电作用.因此可以认为,TBT在BC700上的吸附主要为物理吸附和静电作用,而在BC400上的吸附则由疏水分配、物理吸附和静电吸引共同主导.     

胃液迁移模型的有机锡检测中假阳性现象

有机锡作为一类高风险的有害物质,是各类消费品检测中重点关注的物质之一。 在日常检测中发现,当采用胃液迁移模型对以锡或镀锡为基材的涂层材料进行有机锡检测时,经常会出现甲基锡的假阳性现象。 本文采用金属锡粉模拟实际样品中的无机锡成分,通过GC-MS检测发现单质锡可转化为三乙基甲基锡,其质量浓度为0.56 mg/L,并由此提出了其来源的3种可能性,即1)三乙基甲基锡由无机锡与衍生试剂中微量甲基化试剂反应得到;2)三乙基甲基锡由四乙基锡在进样口或色谱柱内分解得到;3)三乙基甲基锡由四乙基锡于色谱柱内发生甲基取代反应得到或来自于进样口残留污染。 通过实验对假设进行验证。 结果表明,假阳性现象主要是由衍生试剂四乙基硼酸钠中含有的极少量甲基化试剂引起。 因此,相关标准应对衍生试剂中甲基化试剂的含量做出规定,以避免引起误判。     

有毒猪油中有机锡的GC-MS测定

用固相微萃取法富集猪油中挥发性杂质, 经色谱分离, 质谱测定, 确定了杂质的成分, 发现有毒猪油中存在６ 种与有机锡化合物有关的杂质, 它们是合成有机锡的原料和副产物,依据这些杂质推断其合成路线, 最终确定有机锡化合物为二硫代醋酸异辛酯二丁基锡。 该法准确, 简便。     

两种有机锡化合物及其一碘化物的结构和^1H-NMR研究

研究了(Z)-1-E2-(三-o-甲苯基锡基)乙烯基]环戊醇(1)和(Z)-1-E2-(三-o-甲苯基锡基)乙烯基]环己醇(2)及其一碘化物(3，4)的结构和^1H—NMR测定结果，探讨了不同碳环醇和碘取代后对分子O→Sn内配位程度和稳定性的影响．     

丁基锡系列化合物与脱氧核糖核酸的相互作用

通过紫外（ultraviolet,UV）光谱和圆二色（circular dichroism,CD）光谱,研究了丁基锡化合物（一丁基锡、二丁基锡和三丁基锡）与脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA）的作用方式以及时间和浓度的影响。结果显示丁基锡化合物与DNA的作用是双重的,既作用于DNA的碱基,对双螺旋结构有一定影响,又作用于DNA的磷酸基团,使构象发生变化。但是,丁基锡化合物与脱氧核糖核酸作用的程度和方式与丁基锡种类、时间和浓度等因素有关。一丁基锡倾向于与磷酸基团作用,三丁基锡倾向于与碱基作用,而二丁基锡与两者作用程度相近。短时间内,丁基锡化合物的作用位点通常是DNA的碱基;长时间时,则作用位点往往是DNA的磷酸基团。低浓度的丁基锡化合物倾向与DNA的碱基结合,高浓度的丁基锡化合物倾向与DNA的磷酸基团结合。     

GC-MS法用于苯二甲酸酐催化氯化过程的研究

将ＧＣ－ＭＳ用于以氯磺酸为介质（在Ｆｅ和Ｉ２存在的情况下）苯二甲酸酐催化氯化合成四氯苯酐的反应过程研究,对反应物中间体产物（一,二,三氯苯二甲酸酐及异构体）进行了定性和相对百分含量分析,找出了提高收率的最佳工艺条件。     

Sorption of tributyltin in seawater by municipal solid waste compost

The use of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost as a sorbent for tributyltin (TBT) in seawater was investigated. TBT‐contaminated seawater, both artificially prepared and that collected from Msida Creek yacht marina (Malta), was allowed to percolate through untreated and water‐washed columns of compost and then analysed for organotins using gas chromatography‐flame photometric detection. About 90% of dissolved TBT ranging in concentration from about 800 to 8000 ng_Snl^?1 was sorbed by treating 500 ml solutions with 100 g untreated compost. On the other hand, no detectable breakthrough of TBT was observed from compost that had previously been washed by water to remove soluble organic matter. Breakthrough of TBT from unwashed compost is thought to be due to formation of complexes between the soluble organic matter in compost and aquated TBT, which renders the organotin more hydrophilic. The use of washed MSW compost as sorbent for the purification of TBT‐contaminated waters generated in large quantity during hull‐cleaning activities in drydocks is suggested as a mitigatory measure against the impact of TBT on the coastal marine environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海水中铅的方法探索

目的探索石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海水中铅的检测方法。方法用硝酸铵稀释海水样品,用硝酸钯和磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了海水中的铅含量。结果通过加标回收的验证,检测结果准确可靠。结论适合用于海水中铅含量的测定。     

High-precision quadruple isotope dilution method for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater by GCMS after derivatization with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate

Quadruple isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID⁴MS) has been applied for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater. ID⁴MS allows high-precision measurements and entails the use of isotopic internal standards (¹⁸O-nitrite and ¹⁵N-nitrate). We include a tutorial on ID⁴MS outlining optimal experimental design which generates results with low uncertainties and obviates the need for direct (separate) evaluation of the procedural blank. Nitrite and nitrate detection was achieved using a headspace GCMS procedure based on single-step aqueous derivatization with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate at room temperature. In this paper the sample preparation was revised and fundamental aspects of this chemistry are presented. The proposed method has detection limits in the low parts-per-billion for both analytes, is reliable, precise, and has been validated using a seawater certified reference material (MOOS-2). Simplicity of the experimental design, low detection limits, and the use of quadruple isotope dilution makes the present method superior to the state-of-the-art for determination of nitrite and nitrate, and an ideal candidate for reference measurements of these analytes in seawater.     

Lindane Adsorption-Desorption on Chitin in Sea Water

Abstract

The adsorption and desorption processes by solid materials are important in determining the movement and fate of pesticide compounds in aquatic systems. Chitin is one of the constituents of natural organic matter and may serve as a model organic phase for studying the pesticide adsorption-desorption in marine systems. The lindane adsorption-desorption to chitin has been studied as a function of chitin concentration (2.5 gl^?1 to 12.5 gl^?1), temperature (5 to 45°C), pH (1.5 to 8) and salinity (15‰ to 36‰). Both, Freundlich and linear isotherms for the adsorption and desorption processes were used to represent the experimental data. Two-site Langmuir isotherm can describe well the measured sorption isotherm. The adsorbent-concentration effect and the adsorption-desorption hysteresis show the existence of different classes of site with different accessibility. Thus, the adsorption-desorption reaction of lindane is the result of more than a single mechanism. An increase in temperature (ΔH = ?4.0 ± 0.7 Kcal mol^?1) and a decrease in salinity resulted in both lower lindane adsorption and in a more reversible process. An increase of pH resulted in lower adsorption partition coefficients.     

紫外检测离子色谱法测定海水中的碘离子

建立了紫外检测离子色谱法测定海水中碘离子的分析方法。样品采用滤膜净化处理,选用TSKgel guard column SuperIC-A HR保护柱(4 mm×50 mm)和TSKgel SuperIC-HR高性能分析柱(4mm×250mm),Na_2CO_3(3.2mmol/L)-NaHCO_3(1.0mmol/L)为淋洗液。碘离子使用紫外法检测,以消除氯离子干扰。在优化条件下,整个分析过程8min内完成。碘离子的方法检出限3.6μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=8)为2.0%~8.9%。加标回收率为94.9%~106%。方法操作简便、快速,适合批量样品分析检测。     

Anticancer Activity of Cordia dichotoma against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines and Their Phytochemical Profiling via HPLC and GCMS

The current study was conducted to examine the in vitro anticancer potential of Cordia dichotoma (bark, leaves, pulp and seed). The plant material was collected from UT of J&K and methodical bioassays were carried out on ten human cancer cell lines (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast (MDA-MB-231), Neuroblastoma-2a (N2A), SH-SY5Y, U-251, HCT-116, SW-620, A-549, MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1) from five different origins (breast, CNS, colon, lung, pancreas) respectively. Methanolic extracts were produced and fractions were then obtained from the extracts and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Mechanistic assays, HPLC, and GCMS profiling were performed on the highest active fraction. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay determined the in vitro cytotoxicity. The findings revealed that the bark portion had in vitro cytotoxicity against the A-549 human lung cancer cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the plant’s bark has anticancer properties and induced chromatin condensation, confirmed cell death via ROS generation, and significantly decreased colony formation in A-549 cell line from lung origin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HPLC and GCMS investigations indicated the presence of a number of bioactive molecules such as gallic acid (144,969.86) uV*sec, caffeic acid (104.26) uV*sec, ferulic acid (472.87) uV*sec, vanillic acid (13,775.39) uV*sec, palmitic acid (18.34%), cis vaccenic acid (28.81%), etc. and one of the compounds was reported for the first time from the bark. As a result of its promising efficacy, it may become an essential cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic medication for patients with lung carcinoma.     

Tributyltin levels in French Mediterranean coastal waters

Tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products were measured in seawater samples in 1988 and 1989 at different locations of the French Mediterranean coast, including harbours, marinas and mariculture areas. Higher levels of TBT contamination were found in harbour (2–833 ng dm^?3) and marina waters (18–736 ng dm^?3) compared with mariculture areas (<2–111 ng dm^?3). Geographical distribution of TBT degradation products showed that a TBT hot spot finally results in a diffuse contamination of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), even far distant from input areas.     

Analysis of cesium extracting solvent using GCMS and HPLC

A high-level waste (HLW) remediation process scheduled to begin in 2007 at the Savannah River Site is the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU). The MCU will use a hydrocarbon solvent (diluent) containing a cesium extractant, a calix[4]arene compound, to extract radioactive cesium from caustic HLW. The resulting decontaminated HLW waste or raffinate will be processed into grout at the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). The cesium containing CSSX stream will undergo washing with dilute nitric acid followed by stripping of the cesium nitrate into a very dilute nitric acid or the strip effluent stream and the CSSX solvent will be recycled. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will receive the strip effluent stream and immobilize the cesium into borosilicate glass. Excess CSSX solvent carryover from the MCU creates a potential flammability problem during DWPF processing. Bench-scale DWPF process testing was performed with simulated waste to determine the fate of the CSSX solvent components. A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to identify the modifier (which is used to increase Cs extraction and extractant solubility) and extractant within the DWPF process. The diluent and triocytlamine (which is used to suppress impurity effect and ion-pair disassociation) were determined using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). To close the organic balance, two types of sample preparation methods were needed. One involved extracting aqueous samples with methylene chloride or hexane, and the second was capturing the off gas of the DWPF process using carbon tubes and rinsing the tubes with carbon disulfide for analysis. This paper addresses the development of the analytical methods and the bench-scale simulated waste study results.     

Adsorption characteristics of tributyltin on municipal solid waste compost

The sorption behaviour of tributyltin (TBT) from reconstituted seawater onto municipal solid waste (MSW) compost was investigated to give first insights into the equilibrium and kinetic behaviour of this process. The rate of adsorption, the influence of pH, and the adsorbate hydrophobicity on the partitioning process were investigated. Adsorption kinetics indicated an initial fast rate of adsorption of TBT followed by a slower rate. The similarity of Freundlich sorption and desorption coefficients for TBT showed that the sorption process is also reversible, similar to that for the adsorption of TBT onto marine sediments. It was found that the adsorption capacity for TBT onto compost was highest at pH 6.7, and for other organotins it increased with increasing adsorbate hydrophobicity, following the trend tripropyltin < TBT < tripentyltin. The use of washed MSW compost as a sorbent for the purification of TBT‐contaminated wash waters as generated in large quantities during hull cleaning in dry docks is suggested as a mitigatory measure against pollution of the marine environment by TBT. Calculations suggest that modest amounts of compost will likely be required to treat the contaminated wastewaters generated from the Malta dry docks if a multiple batch system is adopted. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.