酸性离子液体催化合成1,5-苯并二氮衍生物

以邻苯二胺和酮为原料,酸性离子液体[hmim]HSO4和乙醇为催化体系,合成了一系列1,5-苯并二氮衍生物,其结构经1^H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。催化体系可循环使用3次。     

吗啡啉功能化酸性离子液体的合成、表征及其催化酯化性能

制备和表征了三种新型质子酸离子液体: 吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([Hnhm]HSO4)、4-甲基吗啡啉硫酸氢盐 ([Hnmm]HSO4)和SO3H-功能化的4-(3-磺丙基)吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4). 以氯乙酸(CAA)和乙醇合成氯乙酸乙酯的酯化反应考察了它们的酸性和催化活性, 并与1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐等三种具有不同氮杂环的SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体以及浓硫酸相对照. 结果表明, 上述SO3H-功能化离子液体对酯化反应的催化性能比非SO3H-功能化的[Hnhm]HSO4和[Hnmm]HSO4都高, 等同甚至优于浓硫酸. 当反应条件为: n(EtOH)∶n(CAA)∶n([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4)＝1.3∶1∶0.2, 反应温度80 ℃, 反应时间3 h, 酯收率可达93.4%. 而且离子液体经真空干燥重复使用9次, 催化活性仍无明显下降. 以[C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4催化乙酸和不同醇的酯化反应获得较高的酯收率和选择性, 离子液体跟酯产物均能自动分相. 还考察了SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性. 尽管SO3H-功能化离子液体与硫酸的酸性相近, 但对钢试样的腐蚀率不到硫酸的1/3.     

离子液体催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯

采用酸性离子液体[C3SO3 Hmim] HSO4、[C4SO3 Hmim] HSO4和[C3SO3 Hnhm] HSO4代替浓硫酸为催化剂合成对羟基苯甲酸乙醇.考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比对该反应产率的影响及离子液体的重复使用性能.选择了最佳反应条件,以[C3SO3 Hnhm] HSO4作为催化剂...     

Bronsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp] [Hmim] ),HSO4-,H2PO4-和BF4-为阴离子的一系列Br(o)Pnsted酸性离子液体.考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性.以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果,结果表明.不分水时,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃下回流反应2 h,酯收率可达93.6%,反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相,[Hnhp]BF4则不能;分水时,[Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01,120℃下回流反应1.5 h时,酯收率可达96.8%,比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高.这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能.实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响,结果表明,离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响.此外,在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性,测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低;除了[Hnhp]BF4,离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4,[Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势.所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高.[Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8g/(m2·h).     

酸性离子液体的合成和光谱表征

合成了基于N-甲基咪唑、2-吡咯烷酮阳离子的两个Br nsted酸性离子液体系列:[Hmim]HSO4/BF4、[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4以及两种—SO3H功能化酸性离子液体1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)、N-(3-磺酸基)丙基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4)。其中,[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4是本实验设计合成的新型酸性离子液体,而咪唑类离子液体用于对照。上述6种离子液体均以核磁共振、电喷雾质谱、红外光谱和紫外光谱分析法对结构加以表征并确认;并以它们作为溶剂和催化剂对乙酸、乙醇酯化反应进行初步试验,结果表明所合成的新型酸性离子液体(尤其是引入磺酸基的)是酯化反应较理想的绿色液体酸催化剂。     

Brønsted酸性离子液体中的二甘醇脱水环化反应

首次报道了Brønsted酸性离子液体介质中的二甘醇的脱水环化反应,考察了不同的离子液体、离子液体/二甘醇摩尔比、反应温度和时间对反应的影响。结果表明,Brønsted酸性离子液体作为反应介质能够促进脱水环化反应的有效进行,且在离子液体1-(3-磺酸根丙基)-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([SPmim]HSO4)中,二甘醇的转化率和1,4-二氧六环的选择性更高。采用Hammett指示剂法测定了离子液体的酸度函数H0,其酸性强弱顺序为[SPmim]HSO4 > [Bmim]HSO4 > [Amim]HSO4 > [Hmim]BF4> [Bmim]H2PO4 >[Amim]H2PO4 > [Hmim]Tsa,这与离子液体在脱水环化反应中的催化效果一致。当温度为170 ˚C,离子液体/二甘醇摩尔比为1:1时,二甘醇在[SPmim]HSO4中反应2 h,转化率可达到97.0%,1,4-二氧六环的选择性为89.3%。     

新型酸性离子液体[hmim]hso4中合成乙酸酯

制备了一种新型B rφnsted酸性离子液体[Hm im]HSO4,用于乙酸与醇的酯化反应,通过简单的相分离就可以实现产物乙酸酯与离子液体的分离。考察了温度、时间、物料配比、离子液体用量等因素对乙酸与正丁醇的反应的影响,得出反应的最佳条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间2 h,酸醇摩尔比为2,酸性离子液体[Hm im]HSO4与醇的体积比为1,乙酸正丁酯的产率为97%。离子液体重复使用5次,乙酸正丁酯的产率均大于94%。利用核磁共振、红外和元素分析测试技术对酸性离子液体[Hm im]HSO4的结构进行了表征,是以一水合物的形式存在。测定了不同浓度[Hm im]HSO4水溶液的酸强度数据,结果表明,其酸性明显高于酸性离子液体[Hm im]CF3COO的酸性。     

Brönsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp]＋和[Hmim]＋), , 和 为阴离子的一系列Brönsted酸性离子液体. 考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性. 以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果, 结果表明, 不分水时, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃下回流反应2 h, 酯收率可达93.6%, 反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相, [Hnhp]BF4则不能; 分水时, [Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01, 120 ℃下回流反应1.5 h时, 酯收率可达96.8%, 比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高. 这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能. 实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响, 结果表明, 离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响. 此外, 在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4, [Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性, 测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低; 除了[Hnhp]BF4, 离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4, [Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势. 所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高. [Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8 g/(m2•h).     

己内酰胺功能化离子液体的合成及其催化酯化性能的研究

以价格低廉的己内酰胺为原料,制备和表征了4种己内酰胺功能化离子液体:1-(3-磺丙基)己内酰胺硫酸氢盐([C3SO3HCP]HSO4)、1-(3-磺丙基)己内酰胺对甲苯磺酸盐([C3SO3HCP]PTSA)、1-(3-磺丙基)己内酰胺磷酸氢盐([C3SO3HCP]H2PO4)、1-(3-磺丙基)己内酰胺四氟硼酸盐([C3SO3HCP]BF4).以乙酸和乙醇的酯化反应考察4种酸性离子液体的催化活性,并与3种具有不同氮杂环的SO3H-功能化离子液体和浓硫酸相对照.结果表明:当n(C2H5OH)∶n(CH3COOH)=1∶1.5,催化剂[C3SO3HCP]HSO4用量为酸醇总质量的5%,反应温度80℃,反应时间6 h,酯收率可达93.8%,离子液体经真空干燥重复使用10次后,仍具有较高的催化活性,而且对奥氏体316 L不锈钢试样的腐蚀率不到浓硫酸的1/6.还考察了以[C3SO3HCP]HSO4为催化剂催化合成系列乙酯也获得了较高的酯收率,且离子液体均能与酯产物自动分相.与传统硫酸催化酯化相比,此类离子液体催化酯化具有生产成本低、过程清洁、腐蚀率低、使用周期长等优点,具有替代传统浓硫酸催化醇酸酯化反应的潜力.     

磷钼杂多酸离子液体催化氧化脱硫

 合成了新型的磷钼杂多酸离子液体 [hmim]3PMo12O40, 并将其用于室温离子液体 1-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐 ([hmim]BF4) 为溶剂的模拟油品氧化脱硫反应. 结果表明, 在温和的反应条件下, 过氧化氢与硫摩尔比为 4:1 时, 二苯并噻吩脱硫率为 90%, 二苯硫醚、苯甲硫醚和二乙硫醚的脱除率可达 100%. 离子液体催化体系循环使用 4 次后, 脱硫率没有明显下降.     

酸性离子液体催化合成三吲哚甲烷化合物

在酸性离子液体催化下,通过吲哚及其衍生物和吲哚甲醛反应合成了一系列三吲哚甲烷化合物。[hmim]HSO₄/EtOH 对于该反应来说,是一个高效、绿色的催化体系。     

Synthesis of N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature

N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles were synthesized via the condensation of benzotriazole with various aldehydes and alcohols catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid [hmim]HSO4 at room temperature. The yield was up to 99%. This novel method was effective when triethoxymethane was utilized instead of alcohols. Moreover, acidic ionic liquid could be reused easily with no significant degradation of its catalytic activity.     

Cis‐1‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octan

A new approach to 1‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octane compounds starts from the reaction of 4‐chloro‐hepta‐1.6‐diene with Mg in THF. No Grignard rearrangement is observed. The Grignard reagent is converted into 1‐allyl‐3‐butenylphosphonous dichloride followed by reduction with LiAlH₄. Cis‐1‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octane has been prepared by radical‐initiated cyclization of 1‐allyl‐3‐butenylphosphane. The bicyclic phosphane is characterized by analytical data as well as ³¹P and ¹³C NMR measurements and the reactionswith NO, S₈, KSeCN, CH₃I, Ni(CO)₄ and HSO₃F, respectively.     

Ring‐Opening Reactions of 3‐Aryl‐1‐benzylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates and Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of an Amphetamine‐Type Compound

Nucleophilic ring‐opening reactions of 3‐aryl‐1‐benzylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates were examined by using O‐nucleophiles and aromatic C‐nucleophiles. The stereospecificity was found to depend on substrates and conditions used. Configuration inversion at C(3) was observed with O‐nucleophiles as a major reaction path in the ring‐opening reactions of aziridines carrying an electron‐poor aromatic moiety, whereas mixtures containing preferentially the syn‐diastereoisomer were generally obtained when electron‐rich aziridines were used (Tables 1–3). In the reactions of electron‐rich aziridines with C‐nucleophiles, S_N2 reactions yielding anti‐type products were observed (Table 4). Reductive ring‐opening reaction by catalytic hydrogenation of (+)‐trans‐(2S,3R)‐3‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)aziridine‐2‐carboxylate (+)‐trans‐ 3c afforded the corresponding α‐amino acid derivative, which was smoothly transformed into (+)‐tert‐butyl [(1R)‐2‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)‐1‐methylethyl]carbamate((+)‐ 14 ) with high retention of optical purity (Scheme 6).     

Convenient Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐14‐H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Catalyzed by Acyclic Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid [H—NMP]+[HSO4]− under Microwave Irradiation

Efficient method for direct preparation of 14‐aryl‐14‐H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes through condensation of β‐naphthol with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of the catalytic amount of [H—NMP]⁺[HSO₄]^? under microwave irradiation was described. This method has the advantages such as; very easy reaction workup, absolute separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture and smooth recyclability of catalyst. In this reaction 14‐aryl‐14‐H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes were obtained as desired products in excellent yields and short reaction times via green and one‐pot procedure.     

One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydroxy Pyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazoles and Their Dehydration Using Recyclable Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media

An eco‐friendly, simple, and efficient one‐pot new procedure has been developed for the synthesis of hydroxy phenylhexahydropyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazoles by condensation of 4‐phenylurazole, aldehydes, and ethyl/methyl acetoacetate using ionic liquid [bmim]BF₄ in presence of l ‐proline at 80°C. The hydroxy pyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazoles could be dehydrated in presence of [bmim]HSO₄ to give corresponding phenyltetrahydropyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazoles in high yields. High yields, less reaction time, operational simplicity, and recyclability of reaction media are the advantages of this protocol.     

Zr(HSO4)4‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component synthesis of 7‐alkyl‐6H,7H‐naphtho[1′,2′:5,6]pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐6‐ones

A new, one‐pot, simple thermally efficient and solvent‐free method for the preparation of 7‐alkyl‐6H,7H‐naphtho[1′,2′:5,6]pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐6‐ones by condensation of β‐naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and 4‐hydroxycoumarin using Zr(HSO₄)₄ as a safe and efficient catalyst is described. This method has the advantages of high yields, a cleaner reaction, simple methodology, short reaction times, easy workup, and greener conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).     

Application of 1‐methyl imidazole‐based ionic liquid‐stabilized silica‐coated Fe3O4 as a novel modified magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines

1‐Methyl imidazole‐based ionic liquid‐stabilized silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles [Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(CH₂)₃‐1‐methyl imidazole]HSO₄ as a solid acid magnetic nanocatalyst was explored in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by a highly efficient three‐component reaction of various benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and barbituric acid. The catalyst was characterized by using various analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry‐thermogravimetry analysis (DSC‐TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).     

1‐Phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane

1‐Phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes 1‐Phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane has been obtained by free‐radical cyclization of (2‐vinyl‐4‐pentenyl)‐phosphane in the presence of AIBN. Another approach to 1‐phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes involves free‐radical cyclization of 2‐methyl‐4‐(2‐propenyl)‐phospholane synthesized by the reaction of [2‐(2‐propenyl)‐4‐pentenyl]‐phosphane with KPH₂/[18]crown‐6 in THF. The bicyclic phosphanes are characterized by reactions with CS₂, selenium, sulfur, NO, CH₃I, and HSO₃F, respectively, structural and analytical data as well as ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, ⁷⁷Se NMR spectral measurements. The steric crowding of the phosphanes as complex ligands has been estimated from ³¹P–¹H coupling constants according to the Tolman model. The configuration of the methyl substituents as well as the conformation of the six‐membered ring were determined by NMR parameters (coupling constants, noe's) and proved by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.     

Ionic Liquid Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2H‐Pyridazino[1,2‐a]indazole‐1,6,9(11H)‐triones Via Three‐Component Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions

2H‐Pyridazino[1,2‐a]indazole‐1,6,9(11H)‐triones were synthesized through one‐pot, three‐component condesation of aldehydes, maleic hydrazide, and dimedone using a green and inexpensive Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone hydrosulfate ([Hnmp]HSO₄) as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The method provided several advantages such as milder conditions, shorter reaction time, high yields, and environmentally benign procedure.